Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez: A Biography uye ezvematongerwo enyika. Full mazita napurezidhendi Venezuela

Zvingasava nomusoro kufunga kuti kare remakore rechi20 rakanga murombo kuberekwa nevanhu vakaita chikuru basa munhoroondo yenyika. Asi panguva kutaurwa hwomoyo avhareji murume munzira dzakadaro kazhinji unoswedera vemauto uye enyika dzemitambo, nyanzvi uye vaimbi vose Europe kana kuUnited States.

Zvichakadaro, muLatin America panguva imwe zvakakomba kunonyadzisa vakanga vachimhanya yakakwirira, migumisiro iyo zvakafanorongwa kukura vanamba rose nedunhu kwemakore anouya. Mumwe vanhu vakava nomukurumbira kunyatsoreva mumunda dzavo vavariro enyika uye kubudirira, akava purezidhendi Venesuely Ugo Rafael Chavez Frias (Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías).

The kutanga nzendo Biography

Kuberekwa, akazviratidza July 28, 1954. yokwaakazvarirwa, musha Sabaneta, riri rehurumende Barinas, hapana chaiyo vakamira panze. Akaberekwa zvake mudzidzisi ramangwana mutungamiri mumhuri. Kuwedzera kune vachangoberekwa Hugo, vabereki vake vakanga vana vakawanda. Zvisinei, mhuri yakanga isina rakajairika, pamwe anokudzwa echimurenga midzi.

Saka, mumwe Chavez vake ramai divi aiva basa ubatanidzwe Civil War, makore 1859-1863. Uye zimbuya yake muna 1914, akakwanisa kurera bope zvainanga vachipidigura hurumende imwe mudzvanyiriri. Hazvishamisi kuti nyaya mabasa avo, nomuromo akapfuura kuti mhuri Chávez, aiva chinokosha rokuchinja zvose zviito zvake hwakazotevera zvinangwa. Rekukwazisa ramangwana purezidhendi Venezuela akapedza mararamiro chesekondari, pakarepo handina akapinda Military Academy. At 21, akapedza kudzidza nayo, vobuda madziro Aruma mai pakati chinzvimbo refutenendi.

Kuunza pachako sangano rako

Akashumira ari kuenda neherikoputa zvikamu. It akabuda yake tsvuku beret, pasina iro Comandante vakazoroorwa pachena haana kuonekwa. Nechekare muna 1982 (asi vakawanda vanodavira kuti Academy), anosika pachake sangano rake KOMAKATE. Achiongorora zvaive mazita ari nyore - shoko rinoreva "refutenendi wokutanga", vari rinoumbwa tsamba pakati pemisara vokutanga. Chokwadi, remangwana purezidhendi Venezuela pakarepo akava undisputed mutungamiri naye. Uyewo hausi Zvinoshamisa kuti sangano rinenge pakarepo ikava evasingatombonamati echimurenga.

Kukundikana munzira simba

Muna 1992, akaedza kupidigura purezidhendi pari Carlos Andres Perez. In nokururama kutaura, akanga mutongi here kwete zvakanyanya: uori pachena kure scale, uye voruzhinji mari iri kuramba todzokera. Ideas Chavez akatevera zvikuru musoro: aida kuvaka Hurumende itsva yevanhu, kwete yakasvibiswa pachavo neupambi pfumbamuromo, kuti nyorazve bumbiro remitemo, iro akanga akawandisa zvainovhiringidzawo. Asi UFARISINI hurumende nguva kutadzisa nevapanduki kuedza.

chepamutemo mutungamiri

To zvikwereti zvayo, Andres Perez, haana kuparadza nemuvengi wake panyama. Uye kashoma chaizvo, kana isu nezvazvo utsinye Latin America. Chavez akazvipa kuzviremera, pashure audza vateveri vake kuti varege kuita kubvuta masimba nezvombo. Nokuti ichi zviremera vakatongerwa naye kwemakore mana chete ari mujeri, uye muna 1994 akasunungurwa pasi ruregero. Pashure paizvozvo Chavez vakaramba pfungwa kubvuta masimba nezvombo. Muchitokisi, iye nezvazvo zvematongerwo enyika, uye saka vakatsunga kubudirira simba chete pamutemo nzira.

Muna 1998, asati musarudzo kuuya wenyika, Hugo akatanga basa rake. Kusiyana nevakawanda vorongerwa ayo, masirogani dzayo dzakanga nyore, uye kubhabhatidzwa aiva munhu akarangarira zvinogona nevanovhota nezvavakaita pane kwokushayiwa kwawo. Uyezve, Chavez akapika kuti pakupedzisira agumise uori munyika. Hazvishamisi, iye yabudirira chinangwa chake. Purezidhendi mutsva Venezuela scored zvishoma kupfuura 54% of sarudzo, asi zvakanga kupembera chaiye.

Democratic vabati nyika

Panzira, uye aiva sei zvikuru chete vakuru nyika? Zvinosuruvarisa mazita Vatungamiri Venezuela, hazvibviri kutaura pano, sezvo paine vanhu 48. Saka isu anofanira ndigoisa ndandanda misoro wehurumende, rwaigara pambiru kubva 1952 (vakapoteredza nguva akaberekwa Chavez). Saka, pano vari:

• Marcos Jiménez, uyo akagara muhofisi kubvira 1952 kusvika 1958.
• Wolfgang Ugueto. Iye akakwira "choumambo" muna 1958, vari muchiuto nevapanduki. Achangopedza aiva purezidhendi kugara kunyange gore rimwe.
• Edgar Sanabria. gavhuna Temporary, gweta.
• Romulo Betancourt. Akanga mutungamiri kubva 1959 kusvika 1964.
• Raul Leoni. At pambiru kubva 1964 kusvika 1969.
• Rafael Caldera, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1969 kusvika muna 1974.
• Chete Carlos Andres Perez, panguva yake, Hugo vavandiri vakapfigirwa. Akagara yebazi kubva 1974 kusvika 1979.
• Luis Herrera Kampins. Akatonga 1979 kusvika 1984.
• Jaime Lusinchi. Nguva utungamiriri - kubva 1984 kusvika 1989.
• Uye zvakare ... Carlos Perez. Zvakare akanga mutungamiri kubva 1989 kusvika 1993.
• Kubva June 1993 kusvika 1994, rave kudhonza mutoro yapurezidhendi naOctavio Lepage uye Ramon Hose Velaskes. Vakanga Vachiita.
• Pakupedzisira, Rafael Caldera. Iye akabata pambiru kubvira 1994 kusvika kumagumo 1998.

Saka, purezidhendi Venezuela, pakarongwa yatiri ndapa munyaya (kunyange kana iye asina dzoga) kutongwa paavhareji yemakore mashanu. Pamberi pavo sezvo mutungamiri, vanhu kashoma achengeterwe anopfuura maviri kana matatu, uye kunyanya echimurenga nguva romukova rino gore inotsiviwa matatu kana mana vanhu. Saka Hugo Chavez uye ake "shamwari mhiko" Andres Perez - Fani mune zvematongerwo kwezvakatipoteredza, nemamwe muVenezuela. First Ini ndikagara pambiru kweanoda kusvika makore 12, Perezi - kwamakore mapfumbamwe.

Zvakagadzirwa mune zvoupfumi uye enyika bhora

Chii Hugo Chavez kubva pakutora hofisi? Chokutanga, Akagadzawo kunyatsoomerera neHurumende pamusoro kambani mafuta Petroleos of Venezuela: purofiti ayo ose dzakagadzirirwa evanhu zvirongwa. Saka, mari akaenda kuvakwa zvikoro zvitsva uye zvipatara, mupurogiramu yedzidzo zvavo, kukura zvirongwa zvokurima munyika. Hugo aiziva zvokuita, nokuti dzinenge 70% yevanhu panguva iyoyo vaigara urombo, rutsigiro nesarudzo vimbiso kwaita. With vatsigire vanhu, Venezuelan President Chavez Arikugadzirira ubate kuti nationalization vamwe makambani.

A gore pashure sarudzo yake, iye akasika ubate rimwe bumbiro idzva, uye muna 2000 iye zvakare akunda musarudzo yokupedzisira, nguva ino achitaipa 60 chete% of vhoti. Asi Chavez vaiona rinotevera "duku-guta princelings" uyo "vaitasva" riri nomazvo basa pamwe nevanovhota, hazvisi zvakafanira: Hugo zvechokwadi mugove nyika.

Black ropa upfumi

Sezvo United States vakanga zvikuru pakufambira uye kuchiri novimba mafuta South America, uye akapa akanaka ezvinhu pamisika simba mukuvamba 2000s, izvozvo hazvishamisi President asarudze pamusoro shanduko enyika nzira ehurumende. Mumakore mashomanana, murombo, ruri mumatope okunamata uori, Venezuela rava chikuru uye vane mutambi munzvimbo. Nokuda mudanga zvemari chinzvimbo, uyewo nokuda kutsoropodza kweUnited States, aichimbova purezidhendi Venezuela ave akakwanisa kusimbisa vakamupoteredza zvinonyanya zvichidzika nyika makuru Latin America.

History apiwa sarudzo

Munyika nokushorwa rakanga zvakasimba kusagutsikana uye vakatya Hugo nezviito, uye saka anoramba achiedza kubvisa mutemo nenzira iripo nzira dzose. April 12, 2002 iye rakaparadzwa nevapanduki, asi junta rwakatora mazuva maviri chete: April 14 Chavez chakamboitwa ndikadzokerazve utungamiriri vakavimbika mauto ake. Muna 2006 pane rimwe apiwa sarudzo.

Saka, purezidhendi Venezuela (ane Biography ichaongororwa munyaya) yazova rimwe "-refu nokutamba" enyika dzakawanda munyika. Zvokutaura pamusoro Latin America, uko vemutungamiri izwi kazhinji kwenguva inopfuura gore!

Muna 2007, Chavez akasimbisa United Socialist Party okuVenezuela, pasi bapiro izvo anounganidza zvinenge zvose shamwari dzaro uye unyanzvi enyika. Makore mashanu pashure paizvozvo, muna 2012, akanga kamwe zvakare kuzodzosera akasarudzirwa utungamiriri munyika.

Kutanga mugumo

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez yagara achitambura nekenza. Chero zvazvingava, zvinoita kanenge zvina kana rushanu pasi kurapwa vari pamba uye zviri Cuba. Zvakaoma kutaura chete sei akavhiyiwa uye mishonga mishonga mazhinji vaifanira. Surgery, rakanga kuitwa 2012 muchipatara Cuban, pakarepo kuoma nokuda kwazvo pulmonary chirwere.

Chikonzero ichi kuti inotevera pakutsaurirwa Chavez muna January 2013 kwave akataura kushanda, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda "ichangobva" purezidhendi pariri haana. Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvose zvakashanda kuti: muna February, purezidhendi kushandisa Twitter, akazivisa kudzoka kwake. Ndizvo chete kubva haana kusiya Military Hospital reCaracas.

Zvadaro takamuka zvose. Somugumisiro, kwete pasina March 6, 2013, Nicolas Maduro akaudza kuti aimbova purezidhendi Venezuela Hugo Chavez akafa zvikuru nekenza. Kunyange zvazvo vagari vazhinji uye vanofungidzirwa mukana yakadaro chiitiko chinosuruvarisa Pakutanga, zvakanga zvichiri zvakaoma kuti kuvhundutsa.

"Backstage" Matarenda

Uyu munhu akarangarira munyika nokuda kwayo hariperi kutarisira uye nechido, nyota aishanda nesimba kuti chiito uye nzwisisika mabasa aunofarira. Chii aigona purezidhendi Venezuela? The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti vazhinji Latin vokuAmerica, ari zamu yeRoma, havagoni zvakarurama mashoko ndima kubva muBhaibheri nguva dzose. Hugo anokwanisa. Uyezve, akanga achiverenga kuyeuka ndima huru Scripture, nyore vodzokera kuvhiringidzwa kukurukurirana kweawa kana zvakatowanda. President akanamata basa Bolivar, Aifarira watercoloured, aida mumhanzi, uye mumunda uyu zvaanoda zvaiva chaizvo siyana.

Saka, zuva 2007 nyika akaona muunganidzwa wenziyo kuti akaita pachake, uye kuti pamberi vadzidzi vaigona vaongorore zviri nhepfenyuro. A gore akazonyorwa anoverengeka pachake nziyo dzake, izvo zvinosanganisirwa muunganidzwa inonzi "Musica Para the Batalla" ( "Music nokuti hondo"). airemekedza mutambo. Kubvira pauduku, waiva murume wakanaka yebaseball mutambi, kunyange achinonoka muupenyu hwagara kuwanikwa nguva yokurasha kuchitsauko balls.

upenyu Personal

kangani akanga akaroora Chaves Ugo? Biography (Venezuelan President nerinooneka anenge hwokuzvinyima) uye zvechokwadi rinoratidza ake wakanaka murume mhuri. Asi muupenyu hwake pachake achiri kunyanya rombo. Saka, muna 1992, apo naye Hugo mujeri akamedura mudzimai wokutanga. Second upenyu shamwari Marisabel Rodriguez akava kwazvo wenhau anozivikanwa.

Kuti mumwe havaoni reMitemo idzva. For isingazivikanwi kwezvikonzero, kuti purezidhendi akanga taisambokurukura, vairamba muna 2002. Panyaya iyi, aimbova mukadzi vakatsoropodza pachena dzose kuchinja murume wake aimbova. In Chavez vana vashanu: mana kubva pakutanga, uye mumwe mwanasikana kubva kumuchato wake wechipiri.

End enguva

Venezuela anoramba munhu iye zvino? President Maduro, shamwari wemufi Chavez akatendeka ari pambiru yake March 2013 uye nhasi. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti munguva kubvira 2011 kusvika 2013 munyika dzinenge dzose mabasa purezidhendi akanga yatova, Nicolas Maduro dzinogona kutowanikwa vaitirei hurefu enyika.

Anotora chete nzira souya Hugo. Zvisinei, kana Maduro maindasitiri mazhinji (kunyanya mafuta) vakaitwa chinokosha zvichemo. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanodavira kuti kana Nicholas Venezuela ane mikana yose kuti ave nyika kuti haisi munzvimbo zvachose hapana simba. Zvakanaka, tinogona chete zvokufungidzira. Time vachakuudza kuti zvakarurama vaiva vatakuri maonero akadaro.

Kana mutungamiri mutsva hauzopindi kure uye acharamba evanhu mapurogiramu izvo zvakatanga atsauka yake, iye achavaka kusvika runoshamisa kubudirira. Chero zvazvingava, vanhu Venezuela zvikuru noushamwari mashoko utungamiriri hwake. Chokwadi, preponderance mavhoti kwakanga chete 1%, asi iye ndiye ane ruzivo wezvematongerwe enyika zvakakwana, uyo anoziva zvose zvinodiwa uye zvinetso mamiriro.