Polonskiy Yakov Petrovich: Biography uye mabasa

Pakati vanyori Russian pamusoro XIX remakore vane vadetembi nevanyori vane basa kunokosha kufanana mupiro kuna National mabhuku Titans, kufanana Pushkin, Gogol uye Nekrasov. Asi pasina kwavari, mabhuku edu kuti kunyimwa akawanda uye siyana, Kufara nokudzika kupangidza Russian nyika, kunyatsoita uye kukwana nokudzidza kunzwisisa mweya rudzi rwedu. A nzvimbo inokosha pakati etihmasterov mashoko Zvinoda nyanduri uye novelist Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich akava chiratidzo ukama vanyori huru Russian, uyo akararama pakutanga uye pakupera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore.

A womunyika Ryazan

moto My ari bvungapfunga inopenya

Pezvitsiga vari Akadzimwa pamusoro nhunzi ...

Munyori mitsetse izvi kubva rwiyo kuti kare zvakurukurwa chevarwere, akaberekwa mumwoyo Russia, iri mumaruwa Ryazan. Mai nyanduri nezveramangwana - Natalia Y. - aibva Kaftyrevyh mhuri tsaru uye baba vake aiva varombo wamambo, uyo akashanda ari Office of Ryazan gavhuna Petr Grigorevich Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, akaberekwa pakutanga December 1819, ndaiva mukuru pavana vavo vanomwe.

Apo Jakobho aiva nemakore 13, amai vake vakafa uye baba vake kana akagadzwa kuti breech chinzvimbo, akaenda Erivan, vachisiya vana achitarisirwa hama wake. Pakazosvika nguva kare Yakova Petrovicha Polonskogo yapfuura wokutanga jimunasiyamu Ryazan, uyo aiva mumwe nzvimbo upenyu nemagariro ane nyika muguta.

Uchisangana Zhukovsky

Batanidzwa rhyming mumakore apo racho ichatonga zvine mbiri kwaiva shasha pamusoro Pushkin, zvakanga zvakajairika. Pakati pevaya vane zvakasiyana pachena penchant nokuda wokufananidzira okugadzira zvinhu, kuratidza hunoshamisa kugona, paivawo jaya wechikoro Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, ane Biography rizere aikosha misi yakanakisisa nevanyori Russian pamusoro XIX remakore, kazhinji akayeuka pamusoro musangano aiva kufurira pakusarudza emunyori basa.

Muna 1837 vakashanyira Ryazan ramangwana Emperor Alexander II. Crown Prince kumusangano masvingo jimunasiyamu Polonsky, nokuda wokuimba, akanyora mundima kwaziso mundima mbiri, mumwe izvo aifanira kuitwa pamwe chete kuti nomuimbirwo kuti "Mwari Save ari chevaux!" Izvo zvikava yebasa anthem yeRussian Empire kwemakore 4 chete apfuura. Manheru, pashure inobudirira kare pazviitiko zvinobatanidza mugari wenhaka pachigaro, mutungamiriri jimunasiyamu vaipinda womuchato, apo mudetembi muduku vava kuziva pachake akanyora mashoko ari rwenyika itsva - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim.

The nyanduri akakurumbira, chipangamazano uye shamwari yepedyo guru Pushkin akarumbidza nhetembo Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, zuva mushure kuenda Alexander kunyange paakavapa nokuda ramangwana mambo varindi goridhe. Praise Zhukovsky akasimbisa Polonsky ari kuda kutsaurira upenyu hwake kuna mabhuku.

Moscow University

Muna 1838 akava mudzidzi mutemo rorusununguko Moscow University. Vomunguva vagara vakanakidzwa chaizvo sociability, dzomunyika uye zvokunze kukwezvana, izvo anosiyana Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich akakurumidza vawana navo pakati kutungamirira kwokufananidzira nesayenzi, tsika uye nounyanzvi. Vazhinji Moscow nguva shamwari kuyunivhesiti vava shamwari nokuti upenyu naye. Pakati pavo - mudetembi Afanasiy Fet uye Apollon Grigoriev, dzakaitika Sergey Solovyov uye Konstantin Cavelin vakanyora Aleksey Pisemsky uye Mikhail Pogodin, Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, muzivi uye mutori Peter Chaadaev, mumwe mutambi mukuru Mikhail Shchepkin.

Mumakore iwayo, iye akaberekwa pedyo ushamwari Polonsky uye Ivan Turgenev, zvikuru vaikoshesa chipo mumwe kwemakore akawanda. Tichibatsirwa shamwari, wokutanga bhuku Polonsky - mumagazini inonzi "Notes of Yababa" (1840) uye muunganidzwa wenhetembo, "wegamma" (1844).

Pasinei nokuti kuedza Nyanduri wechidiki chokutanga chokwadi nokugamuchirwa vatsoropodzi, akadai Belinsky, iye anotarisira kurarama mabhuku basa vaiva hope kunyengedzwa. Makore Polonsky mudzidzi akapfuura muurombo uye pakutambudzika, akamanikidzwa kuramba kuwana kupa zvidzidzo private uye tutoring. Saka kana mukana akasimuka kuti nzvimbo iri kuhofisi Caucasian gavhuna wenyika Count Vorontsov, Polonsky vachisiya Moscow, chete pashure pokupedza kudzidza kubva kosi yunivhesiti.

Mumugwagwa

Sezvo 1844 akagara kutanga Odessa, ipapo vakatamira Tiflis. Panguva ino, akasangana nehama yake Pushkina Lvom Sergeevichem, collaborates mupepanhau "Transcaucasian Gazette". Out akaunganidzwa ake nhetembo - "Sazandar" (1849) uye "Vashomanana Poems A" (1851). Mundima nguva pane chinokosha pakubika, akafuridzirwa mudetembi aiziva tsika Highlanders, pamwechete nhoroondo kutamburira reRussia tendero wokumaodzanyemba miganhu.

Izvi zvinoshamisa kugona Polonsky kuti ziso hwemashiripiti zvaionekwa mumazuva kudzidziswa muna Ryazan chikoro, saka, rakafuridzirwa yakasiyana girl of Caucasus uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, yave yakawanda mufananidzo uye kupenda. unokwezva Izvi pamwe Nyanduri hwose.

Muna 1851, Yakov Petrovich akaenda guru, Saint Petersburg, apo vanotambanudza mudenderedzwa shamwari dzake chaiko uye kushanda nesimba nhetembo itsva. Muna 1855 akabudisa rimwe bhuku, nhetembo dzake vari nyore kuzivisa zvakanakisisa magazini chaiko - "Contemporary" uye "Notes of Yababa", asi mari haigoni kupa kunyange mwero kuvapo. Anova muperekedzi mwanakomana St. Petersburg Gavhuna Smirnov. Muna 1857, mumwe mukuru mukuru weimwe mhuri kuenda Baden-Baden, navo anoenda kunze uye Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich akaita vakafamba kwazvo Europe yose, achitora uchiwana zvidzidzo panguva French vemifananidzo, akasangana zvinoverengeka Vanyori Russian uye vatorwa uye Artists - kunyanya yakakurumbira Aleksandrom Dyuma.

upenyu Personal

Muna 1858 Polonsky akadzokera St. Petersburg nomukadzi wake muduku - Elena Vasilyevna Ustiug, uyo akasangana muParis. The maviri akatevera akanga Yakov chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa muupenyu. Kutanga chinozadzwa akakuvara zvakakomba, zvakaipira iyo havazokwanisi kubvisa kuguma hwake pamberi, kutamira chete nokubatsirwa madondoro. Ipapo vachirwara typhus ikafa mukadzi Polonsky, uye Papera mwedzi yakati akauraya uye mwanakomana wavo achangoberekwa.

Pasinei pachako mutambo, munyori anoita zvinoshamisa zvakaoma uye fruitfully mu Genres zvose - kubvira duku lyrical nhetembo, librettos kune hombe mavhoriyumu prose mabhuku zvinoyevedza kugutsikana - vaiva ake anonakidza zvikuru zvakaitika munguva netsamba dzake uye nhau.

muchato Second muna 1866 Polonsky pamwe Zhozefinoy Antonovnoy Ryulman, akava amai nevana vavo vatatu. Akawana muvezi mano uye kushingaira muchirongwa mifananidzo muupenyu guru reRussia. Imba uye mabhuku recitals yaiitwa Polonsky, iyo wakapindwa kupfuura nevanyori akakurumbira uye vemifananidzo nguva. Ava manheru uye akaramba kwechinguva pashure pokufa nyanduri, yakavatevera October 30, 1898.

nhaka

Nhaka Yakov yakakwirira uye inofungidzirwa kuva dzisakarurama. The chikuru chinoratidza nhetembo Polonsky vaiona lyricism kwayo zvaibva Romanticism zvakapfumisa shasha pamusoro Pushkin. Hapana tsaona aionekwa akatsiva tsika nyanduri huru wechokwadi, kwete pasina, nhetembo Baklanov kuti inowanzoshandiswa nziyo dzake yakakurumbira Vanyori - Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov nevamwe vazhinji. Zvisinei, kunyange vakatendeka vanoda enhetembo chipo Polonsky aidavira kuti kumusoro nokubudirira mune basa rake kwete zvokuti.

Mumakore rechitatu XIX remakore nevafungi Russian vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri - iri "dzokumadokero" uye "Slavophiles". Mumwe wevaya vakatsvaka kutaura kuzvipira yakajeka mumwe mapato aiva Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich (zvinofadza zvine chokuita ayo yokungotaura kukakavadzana NdiTolstoy ari netsamba vakararama panguva) vakaratidza kuva kuchinja pfungwa pamusoro reRussia kukura European tsika, apo zvikurukuru vachibvumirana shamwari yake - zvakajeka "woKumadokero" Ivan Turgenev.

Akararama mupfumi pamabasa uye pfungwa woupenyu munyori wokuRussia, ndagamuchira chikomborero kubva vakararama Pushkin uye kugara nyanduri ano, apo hwaikwira nenyeredzi Bloc. Achiratidza mupfungwa iyi, iyo metamorphosis chitarisiko, izvo ndavhiyiwa Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, ane mufananidzo pakupera remakore kare zvazviri akakwana, rinowanikwa Portraits wekupedzisira nguva iripo tateguru, kuziva zvinorehwa zvaiyambuka nzira.