UralZIS- 355M: nokurondedzerwa. Rori. Ural Automobile Plant ainzi pashure Stalin

Historians epamba Michina vanodavira kuti nezuva apo conveyor Miass yemotokari akauya wokupedzisira UralZIS- 355M, akagumisa nguva trehtonki zis-5. Iye "Zakhar Ivanovich," sezvo akanga remadunhurirwa nevanhu. Ndeupi muhondo akava yezvechitendero. Sei zvino? Chokwadi chokuti 355M yokupedzisira nadzurudzo yaiva yakakurumbira "Zahara". Asi muchina, nenzira, rava aibudirira uye zvakazara akazvimirira kukura, akanga zvisiri kusundwa kuti musana reSoviet Automotive nhoroondo.

prehistory

In Mumatsutso 1941 Moscow kudzivirira emakambani, pakati waiva Stalin Factory (zis), akabviswa kumabvazuva kunyika muguta: Ulyanovsk, kuChelyabinsk, Miass. November 30 chete gore, chisarudzo chakaitwa nomunhu Expedited hwaro Miass Factory №316 muna State Defence Committee (GKO), mubasa pagadzirwe mabhomba, kutendeuka, uye kushandisa kugadzirwa zvivako guru zvivako uye zvivako, kuronga kudhindwa injini kuti motokari uye warrior motokari.

Muna April 1942, mabasa rakaitwa - chirimwa ndakawana. Kwapera gore, chisarudzo musi T-zvikwereti, chirimwa apiwa akamirirwa kushanduka - mune yakamanikana-asingashumbi runobereka mumarori. Nokuti ungano iyi miti Ulyanovsk apo akaunganidza trehtonki zis-5b zvaiendeswa Miass. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvose nesimba fekitari idzva motokari rinotarisa pagadzirwe mumarori.

Ural "Zahar"

July 8, 1944 magedhi fekitari Wekutanga Ural "Zahara", asi pasi zita rake - UralZIS- 5b.

Miass trehtonki peculiarity muna tichienzanisa Moscow muenzaniso murori nyore uye isingadhuri kusvika pokupedzisira. Kuti aite izvi, ndokutsika mapapiro pamwe woita chimiro kubviswa sechivako nokuisa panzvimbo welded T-zvakaumbwa. Inside kabhini sheathed clapboard. Metal kumhanya mapuranga uye vhiri pomukombero chikatsiviwa huni, simbi madhaka ichibhabhamisa - pamusoro plywood, zviedza mbiri akasiya chete kuruboshwe (mutyairi wacho). Heating hurongwa kabhini uye mahwindo musuo zvino haana iiswe. Akaputsa hurongwa rakashanda chete necheseri ekisero.

matanho akadaro kubvumira mumwe muchina kuponesa 124 makirogiramu kuti jira simbi kuti hondo kwaikosha chaizvo. Uyezve, kuedza muchina, pamwe chete 77-horsepower injini zis-5M, vakawedzera simba yawo 35%, uyewo Ural rori vakava mari kusvika 10-16% kuenzaniswa Moscow ZiSami.

Kwete kuti zvevakomana

Tadzokera Plant anonzi pashure Stalin kubva kubvisa kumba kwavo, guta dhipatimendi mamwe kuva "Zakhar Ivanovich," akapinda mbiri dzakasiyana: muMoscow zis-5 iri kutanga tinoshandurirwa zis-150, zvadaro zis-164, uye kuburikidza zis-164A (zvenguva muenzaniso ) ari zis-130. Kureva, kufambira mberi kwakanga pasi nzira. In Miass tichiri inounganidzwa zvekare zis-5b.

Zvaisazova kutaura kuti UralZIS- haana vakaedza kuvandudza "Zahara". Muna 1947 Urals vakatanga kukura UralZIS- 353 - upgraded trehtonki. Basa rakaramba kusvikira 1951, asi paiva insoluble dambudziko: kuedza kubvisa pasi, chisina kutsetseka mberi ndezvechinyakare, vagadziri vava nezvechisarudzo kuti Zvisinei anotarira rakafanana zis-150,, kuti achitanga zvawo Serial kugadzirwa mu yaivapo ezvinhu akanga akaoma zvikuru. Somugumisiro, basa racho rakaguma.

kwenguva pfupi chiyero

Sezvo muchina mutsva haana kushanda kupedza, uye zis-5 pane zvinhu zvose zviri yechinyakare, kwakasarudzwa kutanga kugadzirwa zvisiri zvechigarire, rori akacherekedza UralZIS- 5M.

Externally, izvozvo chaizvo haana kumbosiyana kubva "Zahara", nokuti motokari ichiri yakasimbiswa kare-mhanya kabhini, chete mapapiro akanga zvino wakatenderera, streamlined chimiro, rakafanana uya akanga ari motokari pre-hondo. Asi mukati murori I chakachinja chaizvo.

New "stuffing" nokuti kare rori

Chokutanga, mashoko dzakachinjwa "Zahar" ane yoku- injini, zvange hwakavandudzika: crank uye humburumbira musoro, ndakagadza aruminiyamu pistons uye carburetor itsva. Pamwe, izvi zvinoita kuti achinje compression reshiyo nokumutsa kuti 5.7 (aimbova yakanga 4,6), nokuda vawedzere simba iri injini (kubvira 76 kusvika 85 l. C.) Uye 7% zvinoderedza mafuta rinodyiwa achidzora. The pamusoro kumhanya muchina yakawedzera 10 km / h, uye ikozvino wakange 70 km / h.

Uyewo murori kugadzirwa chinozoiswa aibuda mafuta purifier, injini nechigumbuso hita, kupa indasitiri yokutanga injini kutanga-kunyange kana chando pazasi 20 madhigirii; itsva gozvo giya; mafuta tangi 110 litres; pa 12 magetsi iyezvino; uye zvimwe zvinhu zvidiki. Nenzira dzakawanda zvakagadzirwa wabatwa ne ruzivo "353rd".

Vachitaura "353rd"

Muna 1956 aiva mukana hwokubata UralZIS- 353 kutama, pakupedzisira, kubva kuvakafa pfungwa. Panguva ino, iyo Gorky Automobile Plant vakanga kushanda GAZ-62. Pakutanga, vagadziri akaronga kuti ichi murori bhoneti marongerwo. Naizvozvo, kuti kabhini pachayo yakanga zvishoma pakanatsiridzwa shanduro muenzaniso GAZ-51. Asi nokukurumidza kusiyiwa. Gorky akasarudza kushandisa nzvimbo yemutekenyi, izvo zvaizoita kuiswa injini. Zvisinei, nokuti rokutanga, vakaramba Bhaibheri, inoratidza vakanga vakagadzirira, uye zvino vakanga asina kudiwa.

AA Lipgart - mudzidzisi Bauman University, aimbova mukuru Mugadziri gasi, uye injiniya panguva fekitari Miass, zvakanaka kuziva zvinetso Urals. Ndiye zano zvakatoitika zvisingakoshi pana GAZ inoratidza anopa navo pana UralZIS-, izvo zvakaitwa.

Car UralZIS- 355M

Nepaitengwa mberi itsva UralZIS- 353 uye ndakawana mumwe vakaverengwa nyora - "355M". Kunyange zvazvo motokari iyi kwainzi kuvandudzika akwegura "Zakhar Ivanovich," chokwadi chete yakanga chepakarepo mutsva rori womuenzaniso. Wheelbase akaramba anenge achinja, i.e. zvakafanana kuti zis-5 (3842 mm), asi dzinokosha kukura UralZIS- zvakachinja 355M, runonyanya nokuda miforo kusvika 470 mm papuratifomu muviri. Sezvo kushandurwa ichi imhaka chichiwedzera mutoro-Kutakura vanokwanisa pakati muchina (matani 3-5), uye muviri pachawo, uye ayo vanomhanyisa kuti chassis kuva akasimbiswa kuti chinangwa ichi kushandisa hwakasimba gadzira, uyewo mamwe inoomesera dzinoungana. Zviya, zviri pachena UralZIS- 355M, kuti kabhini ndicho zvishoma akachinjwa shanduro GAZ-51, pamwe chete nomuviri mutsva wakanga wakaita akura kukura, "Lawn."

Mazuvaano kuti injini "355 fung"

Updated injini mumotokari akanga chikuru dzokororo: yacho vagadziri vakashandisa panzvimbo akanyorova humburumbira musoro pamwe yakawedzera ndima mawindo, uye crankcase kufefetedza. Uyezve, munhu dzakachinjwa cam that Profile ane cam that, nani lubrication maitiro uye akaiswa mukati humburumbira chinogumbura Anti-ngura liner. Akatasva ari crankshaft veshure mafuta chisimbiso vanodzinga leakage ramafuta crankcase kuburikidza chokuita kuti zis-5 aiva yokusafa chinetso. Improvement chishongedzo nemotokari zvigadziriswe yekudyidzana akaderedza ruzha panguva injini oparesheni. Kazhinji, Update powertrain UralZIS- 355M kwakaderedza kwayo uremu kubudikidza makirogiramu 30.

Other kuchinja kwakaitwa pamasikiro rori

Kupfuudzwa yave yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika stuffing bhokisi packings, kushandiswa zvakasimbisa ukaramba clip, kuburikidza iyo yakareba-kurega Gear rechitatu, sezvo zvinowanzoitwa mu "waZohari". Uyezve, CPT chaipo hwakavakirwa panyaya injini crankshaft.

Not akaponesa yokutendeutsa uye kuvakwa mabhiriji UralZIS- 355M. Mberi akanga Akazadzisa pivot Unit, uyewo kushandisa zvitoro girisi. Nokuti kuti motokari itsva yakawedzera pamberi vhiri njanji, muchinjikwa ekisero danda ivaiwo yakareba. Pakupedzisira ekisero, ndiko vaitungamirira Makontakta akaisa pfuma yokuderedza uye lining pasi kurutivi rachulis uye agoshandura kunangiswa differential mikombe.

The kuturika pamberi unoitwa muchimiro ane elongated rinopeperetswa matsime pamwe nehana absorb, izvo zvakaita zvakanaka nyoro. Shure, nekusiyana, yava nesimba nokuda vawedzere muchinjikwa-chikamu machira podressornikov hukuru.

Kuti uvandudze maneuverability motokari, uine itsva gozvo mashandiro ane nyore kinematics uye giya nhamba 20.5: 1 (vs. zis-5, zvakanga 15.9: 1).

Uyezve, UralZIS- 355M akashandisa ano kuroorwa-waya 12-volt hurongwa, akaisa Front uye netsoka-chitiviri chinja bhatani chiedza (kure-pedo), kuti ataure controller pamwe mirayiridzo zviratidzo. Nokuti usiku serviceability pasi Hood yakaiswa rambi. Mukuwedzera, chiridzwa Panel rave akagadziridzwa, uye paiva kabhini pasirin'i okuvimba.

A patency rori akanaka anopa rakawedzera Clearance, iyo vachiwirirana kupinda-mbudo pamakona (44 madhigirii - mberi, 27.5 - neshure), uye nani traction zvechadenga injini.

UralZIS- 355M: michina nokurondedzerwa

Vaiva sezvinotevera:

• Wheel fomura - 4x2.
• Encombrements - 6290 mm X 2280 mm X 2095 mm.
• Ground Clearance - 26,2 mm.
• Wheelbase: shure - 1675 neMM, Front - 1611 mm.
• The nharaunda pamusoro kutenderera (kwokunze) - 8.3 metres.
• Gross uremu - 7050 makirogiramu.
• Ekuderedza uremu - 3400 makirogiramu.
• Payload UralZIS- 355M - 3500 makirogiramu.
• Engine simba - 95 l / s.
• Mafuta tangi vanokwanisa - 110 litres.
• Kudyiwa peturu - 24 litres / 100 km.
• Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 75 km / h.

Serial kugadzirwa mumotokari itsva

Pasinei UralZIS- 355M saka refu vakaedza kupinda kugadzirwa, zvakanzi pakutanga aronga kusunungura gore rimwe chete (1959), uye ipapo chete kuti kupembedza zvose kare paakapiwa mukati tinorasikirwa. Zvisinei, muenzaniso haana kusiya ungano mutsetse kwemakore manomwe, kunyanya nokuda kumusoro vatengi wakatarwa.

Mukuwedzera, magadzirirwo mumotokari nguva akawedzera mamwe kuvandudzika: muna 1959 - rakachinjika racho rakati cardan zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ruoko kwakatsiviwa ne tsono kubereka, 1960 - iri pamberi kuturika panzvimbo yechinyakare mhikuriso kuvhunduka absorbers yakasimbiswa zviri nani - telescopic, 1961 - crankcase kufefetedza zvakava up.

Pasinei kwemasanga kuvandudzika dzakawanda, pakuonekwa muchina zvakaramba zvakadaro, kunze kuchinja akanyorwa akanyangarika chidimbu "zis", uye zvino iye akatarira akafanana - "UralAZ". Kunyange pakati vatyairi vemarori anoramba "Zahar," kana zvikasadaro rainzi "Urals".

Modifications "Urals"

The fekitari yakabereka ane akagadziridzwa, kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti, mumwe mutsva "Zahara", mushanduro zviviri: UralZIS- 355M - puranga, uye wechipiri - chete chassis, riri zvinowanzoshandiswa pasi tangi.

Sezvo "Uralets" kuzvigona chete flatbed Semi-pamutemo guru aigona kuva matani mashanu, uye mari chaiyo uye mapfumbamwe, ipapo motokari iyi inowanzoshandiswa semitrailer tarakita.

Uyewo kudiwa aivawo UralZIS- 355M - matanda, karavhani - nemukuparadzwa. Kuwedzera kune vose pamusoro, ari chassis 'Zahara' raishandiswa senzira achidiridzira michina, nemagudzu, assenizatorskaya dzehondo, compressor zvechitima. Zvisinei, muna 1958 Urals vakasunungurwa kunyange zvose-nemavhiri shanduro rori, bato michini raiva duku chaizvo uye kunyanya muna Tipper shanduro.

Muna 1960 muKazakhstan pahwaro yakaunganidzwa UralZIS- 355M bhazi pamwe zvigaro 40, uye ngoro-mhando. Muchidimbu, motokari kubva miasstsev zvakazoonekwa kuti vabudirire zvikuru, pasinei nokuti pakanga chete nadzurudzo akwegura trehtonki zis-5.

To apo uchida

makore 355 Serial kugadzirwa wokutanga rakaenderana pave mhandara uye wakagara nyika, saka motokari zvikurukuru kuSiberia, Far East, uyewo Kazakhstan. Nechepakati uye vokumadokero chikamu USSR motokari wanunurwa mune diki zvakawanda. Muna 1962, veboka nemarori vari aina shanduro akatumwa Afghanistan uye Finland.

Total motokari chirimwa yakabereka 192 zviuru michina izvi. By tsika vakawanda kugadzirwa miduku Zvisinei motokari raratidza pacharo somunhu pasi Nokuraramisa, zvikuru hwakavimbika uye akasimba muchina, pamwechete navakuru, maererano nezvinodiwa, kutakura vanokwanisa. Pasinei nemashoko ari matani TTX 3.5, kunyanya pasina kutamburira, aiva akatakura, uye matani mashanu nhumbi. Vatyairi akamuda uye kuenzaniswa kuvandudzika, nekuti panguva iyoyo duku rori aigona kuzvirumbidza pamberi mberi hita. Hongu, uye zvinobudirira akaunganidzawo kuturika uye injini ine traction zvakanaka kubvumira mutyairi kunzwa chaizvo chivimbo, kunyange munzira dzakaipa kwazvo.

Kazhinji, UralZIS- 355M, kunyange asina kuva ngano yeSoviet yemotokari indasitiri Zvisinei, basa kudekara reference, rakavimbika uye nyore aigona vakodzera. Pasina nekuti muchina uyu akatumwa kushanda yakaomesesa muzvinhu zvose munyika kumatunhu.

Wokupedzisira motokari kure paungano mutsetse kubva zvebhizimisi 16 October, 1965. On nhasi, nenguva "Zakhar Ivanovich" dzakaguma.

Kusvikira zvino ezvinhu kana kusatonzwa zvakanaka yakaramba chete anenge maviri motokari, uye ipapo, vakawanda vavo pasi pachako simba rayo kutama hakusi hurumende, uye kuagadzira hazvibviri. Uye zvose nokuti zvikamu hazvigoni dzawanikwa injini. Chokwadi, vamwe mhizha vachiri vakakwanisa kuisa pasi Hood pamusoro injini žil asi kuti mavambo uye kukosha motokari chakarasika.