Upfumi muArmenia: zvinoitwa budiriro

Armenia mukutanga-maviri rokutanga remakore yaiva duku zimbabwe Transcaucasia, iri pakati penzizi Kura uye Araks. Area mamiriro idukusa 30 sq. M. m, uye vagari -. vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3.

Chaizvo zvechiratidzo Armenian upfumi

Mamiriro Akaita Armenian upfumi mumakumi emakore achangopfuura vanovimba zvinoverengeka on:

1. Great simba kusvika upfumi Soviet, dzayo uye zvaasingagoni. Mumakumi emakore izvi yekudyidzana Republic kwakavandudza upfumi pamwero, asi panguva imwe chete nayo yokuita zvakaipa zvinoumba upfumi USSR uye vakava chikamu vakawanda mashandiro kuti pachine rinorema kwazvo kwevarimi zvinakire nyika.
2. Taurai budiriro munguva dzazvino (1992) vakatadza kuita upfumi yakatsiga uye dzakabudirira zvikuru.
3. Geographic zvinoriumba. Vakawanda Armenian - kumakomo. Agricultural nyika munyika vari vashomanana, uye zvokudya anoramba chaizvo chenjera.
4. Kuoma geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu. Armenia haana kusununguka kuwana mugungwa, kunyange zvazvo riri pakati Black uye reCaspian makungwa. Vakavakidzana nyika kana noutsinye (Azerbaijan, Turkey) kana kuti kwaari hapana chakanaka chokufambisa tsinga (Iran). Nokuda kwaizvozvi, aina-imupota kwomurume yakaoma uye vangatoona kwaizombomiswa.

zvinetso zvoupfumi

Various zvikonzero kutungamirira ndechokuti ano upfumi Armenia (kuchiitwa) zvakaipa vaipa mbishi zvinhu zvaunazvo, 20 chete%, pamwe kuwanda munzvimbo indasitiri pakati maindasitiri, processing mbishi zvinhu (nhaka yeSoviet kare). Pasinei kuvapo ores siyana, machena, dombo munyu, kupa maindasitiri marudzi ayo havagoni uye zvikurukuru hunobva kupinza mbishi zvinhu. Pane kuperevedza kwezvokudya mari nokuda kwokushaya nyika ine kufukidza imupota, Marketing zvinogadzirwa bhizimisi iri kudzoka. Geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu kunotungamirira kupedza kuvimba zvokunze zvokutengeserana nevanhu, vakanga vakanyorwa muchimiro simba uye yokufambisa voga nemhaka dzinopesana ezvinhu muna Transcaucasia.

Growth rate mumakore okutanga remakore maviri okutanga

(. Munguva 1994-2017 biennium) Munguva ichangopfuura chinhu chinokosha kukura hwenyika - anenge gumi nguva (mabhiriyoni 10 emadhora). Zvisinei, izvi hunoshamisa nhamba ndokukura, zvikurukuru achishandisa zvikwereti shamwari dzakawanda zvemari, kune dzimwe upfumi munyika Armenian upfumi. Chete anotamisa dzakavanzika kuti Armenia muna 2010 kusvika uwandu pamusoro bhiriyoni rimwe emadhora, iyo chakaita kuti hafu ehurumende bhajeti. Uyezve, anenge ose mari wakabva Russian Federation.

Foreign upfumi munyika upfumi Armenia muna 2009 yairema mamiriyoni 4703,2 emadhora. A aitungamirira investor (hafu uwandu mari) uye zvokunze muridzi raiva uye anoramba Russia. The chikuru munda Russian mubhizimisi mari chokuita indasitiri, mari, zvinobudisa mashoko.

Panguva imwe chete pane kuchinja nhamba nzvimbo Armenian upfumi. Mugore post-kweSoviet maindasitiri mugove GDP akawa 44% kusvika 15%, asi mugove mabasa yakawedzera kubva 25% kusvika 42% (zvinonakisa rinomutsa vana GDP - pasi girafu). Izvi Muitiro inosimbisa kugadzikana magetsi kudyiwa muna bhiriyoni 5.5-6.3 kWh, kunyange zvazvo upfumi of Zimbabwe yeArmenia riri kukura. Kureva simba zvibereko maindasitiri mumakore gumi adarika zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera.

indasitiri

Industry kuti Armenia, uyewo vakawanda vaimbova dzeSoviet, kuwana kuzvitonga yakanga chehupenyu unopinza kuderera. Kunyange zvazvo kwapera nguva kwave kune kuwedzera maindasitiri kugadzira, asi zvaiva pachena chete tichienzanisa rapfuura dambudziko makore. Production mu Mhedziso mashoko akaramba nguva zhinji, uye pamusoro ruzhinji zvigadzirwa zvavo zviri akambomiswa. Uwandu vashandi uye mainjiniya akanga aderedzwa kashanu, uye kushandisa magetsi munzvimbo maindasitiri munzvimbo - anenge katatu.

Kusingadzoreki kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kukonzera zvinorwadza STRUCTURAL kuchinja uye hureruke bazi maumbirwo indasitiri. The mugove kare chikuru mapazi engineering chiedza indasitiri yawa 34% kusvika 24% kusvika 1,6% uye 1,2%. Mugove zvokudya indasitiri akasimuka kubva 16.3% kusvika 52,9%. Muzana metallurgia indasitiri (kunyanya Semi - inonyanya emhangura uye molybdenum) yakawedzera kubva 2.8% kusvika 19.9%.

zvekurima kugadzira

Ichiitwa mukutanga kuma1990. kuchinja mune zvokurima vakambova asi zvakaipa, dzinenge dziri pfupi. Large mumapurazi emauto akadzingwa mabasa, panzvimbo yavo inoumbwa 340 zviuru duku private zvokurima mapurazi zvikurukuru munyika 1,4 hectares. Rinokosha kukuvara kwakakonzerwa kuti kugadzirwa maumbirwo kurima.

Nokuda yakamanikana anokwanisa seamed vokumaruwa dzimba dziri XXI remakore. kubva munda okurima basa Kwabviswa anenge 40% ivhu tsika, rakaderedzwawo zvikuru nharaunda zvakajairika kuti Armenian tsika. Vanenge 50% shoma kudiridza kurima mu kanoverengeka akaramba kushandisa chicherwa fetiraiza uye mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, regai kushandisa zvirimwa kutenderera. Munguva ichangopfuura, somugumisiro pakutengeswa vakaumba maturakiti huru munyika havachafaniri zvachose kubva chigadzirwa, uye inotevera varidzi, ivo ikava dzokutengesa chigadzirwa.

Kudhura zvikwereti, simba ruzhinji rubatsiro muderedze rokurima nemauto, iyo kuramba kuva kakasaririra zvakasikwa upfumi. Akapiwa varombo mumhuri kupiwa Armenia zvimwe zvinhu uye chakakwirira zvainoreva kubva kunze kwenyika, kuwedzera chokupika rokurima nemauto ichava huru basa ramangwana.

vatorwa tengeserana

kwemauto ichi hwenyika chinhu chinokosha emari Armenia. Mumakore remakore maviri okutanga mangwanani, kuti turnover semutongo vanenge mabhiriyoni 5.5 emadhora pagore, asi dambudziko muna 2008 zvinoshamisa hwakawedzera kuderera yacho. Turnover ikaurawa anenge $ 1 bhiriyoni. Pakati vanopfuura 60 dzaishandiswa vamwe vaitungamirira yezvokutengeserana neshamwari dziri Russia uye Germany (39% uye 21.5%, ukuwo). Chimwe nemumwe anoramba United States, kunyange vari zvikuru kudukupiswa.

The chikuru dambudziko wokumwe kutengeserana ndiko refu wezvokutengeserana dhefisiti. Kupinzwa richikura panguva nokukurumidza zvikuru hama kuti kakawanda kunze kwenyika. Chido mamiriro ezvinhu mumwe mukuru nzira kuti wakakodzera zvoupfumi nokusimbaradza kuruwa.

chikwereti vatorwa

Ichangobva nguva kunoratidzwa unopinza kuwedzera zvokunze pachena chikwereti Armenia. Kwemakore 15, kubvira muna 1995 kusvika 2010, chakatowedzera vanenge 10-boka kusvika bhiriyoni 3,495 emadhora, uye 44% kubva GDP. A rakamanikana ekisipoti nechigadziko uye kudikanwa okuwedzera mari vanomanikidzwa kuramba kuwedzera chikwereti kwokunze. Fixed mari nokuti chikwereti kubhadhara kuenda yokufutisa pamusoro bhajeti.

The Social Mari kukura Armenia

Zvinoita sokuti zvinokosha chaizvo evanhu mari okukura. Mumakore okutanga rusununguko, vanhu vakawanda vakawana pacharo mu akaoma. Chete panguva ino nemhaka upenyu hwakaoma uye kushaya mikana Armenia akasara kumativi 700-750 zviuru. People, kana cheshanu vemo.

Pakazosvika makore 2010s. Average mubhadharo rinosvika $ 270 pamunhu, mudyandigere - 80 madhora. 34% yevanhu vane mari zvishoma pane $ 85 pamwedzi. To Armenia ano dzinoratidzwa yakakamukana umo pane imwe zvakanyanyisa murombo vakawanda, uye pamusoro mumwe - ane oligarchic vashoma.

Nokuda vakawanda matambudziko chavagari Armenia ipfupi, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka girafu pazasi.

upfumi muArmenia mumakore anouya

Remangwana emari Armenia riri nani zivikanwi nokuda zvakanyanyisa vazhinji siyana zvinoitika.

Dambudziko Major upfumi nokusimbaradza Armenia ndiye woga wayo kubva kunze kwenyika, yakakonzera nengozi zvikuru uye ikure nhumbi varasikirwa. Kwazvo kukosha Armenian-Iranian pamwe mumunda mitoro pakutengeserana uye simba. Pamwe Iran akavaka kupfupiswa nzira unobatanidza Iran ne vokuGeorgia zvengarava. Mhanyai gasi Mapaipi uye mafuta Mapaipi pakati penyika mbiri.

Nokusimbaradza ari Armenian upfumi iri kuita chaizvo zvechigarire kuwedzera dzimwe zvokutengeserana dhefisiti. Nokuti zvishoma nezvishoma rutapudzo ari kutengeswa dhefisiti zvakafanira kuona kuwedzera upfumi mutemo rakatarisana kumhanyisa pakati maindasitiri kunze kwenyika uye imupota kuzvitsinhanisa, uyewo kutungamirirwa zvokurima mutemo pamusoro mukuvandudza zvokurima unongotaura.

Zvakakosha kuita mabasa chokuita munyika manyuko ari kumhanyisa hwenyika, kuronga kugadzirwa zvokurima zvigadzirwa, kuti bheji pamusoro zvezvakatipoteredza uye nzira yaibvira simba chizvarwa. All mirayiridzo okukura youpfumi Armenia vanofanira kuva dynamically, zvimwe nyika ichava kusviba.