Uchimutarira kuti inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa. Risk tinyatsonzwisisa kuti mubhizimisi racho. Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kunyatsoongorora inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa

Kunobudirira mabhizimisi kukura kazhinji zvinoda entrepreneur kukwanisa zvinokwezva inivhesitimendi. Ita izvozvo, anogona, utilizing zvakasiyana-siyana. Asi kakawanda kacho, mashoko investor chisarudzo pamusoro kana kuti mari kana kwete imwe mabhizimisi hwuchavapano pasi yakazvimirira pachisara mazano pamusoro tarisiro imwe chirongwa. Inzirai chinogona kubatanidzwa?

Simplicity uye kunzwisisa

Uchimutarira kuti mari muzvirongwa, senyanzvi dzakawanda vanotenda, iri ruoko rumwe, kwakabatana tsvakurudzo multifactor zvebhizimisi pfungwa. Panguva iyoyowo, anogona kutorwa kufungwa kwete chete ehupfumi mafungiro, asi zvimwewo zvikonzero - .. Market mamiriro enyika kuitika, etc. The Kukwezva pamusoro mubhizimisi chirongwa inogona vakaongorora kubva nemaonero pamusoro entrepreneur unhu uye pamwero kukura kuronga mari. Ukuwo, musimboti kuMudzidzisi ongororo zvinowa- chete kupindura chine mibvunzo iri nyore: kana chirongwa hunobatsira, sei, uye kana kutarisira mari yaunowana?

nzira Universal raizoita zvakajeka chidzore izvo zvinoita sei kuongorora zvikuru pachena pamusoro yemberi profitability ramambo danho, kunyange pakati makambani unyanzvi usati tega. Zvisinei, zvokushandisa izvo Qualitative kuongororwa uye kuongorora mari muzvirongwa mune zvakawanda chaiwo mhinduro inogona kuitwa, ichiwanika. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa nawo vanoita ano rokuongorora tarisiro bhizimisi pfungwa?

Key zvinodiwa

Chokutanga, hazvina nhamba inoratidza kwoupfumi kunyatsoshanda kuti upfumi. The "payakavakirwa", kushanda kuongorora chaiyo nhamba iri yokuona ichi, pane zvinokosha "variables" miviri - chaiko mubhizimisi, uye pagore mubereko (dzimwe nguva runoratidzwa profitability, kureva, munhu chikamu). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nzira dzekuziva kuti kunyatsoongorora mari muzvirongwa mu "nzira" vari nechimwe zvinhu dzakadai payback nguva. Ndiko kutaura kana Somuenzaniso, gore basa rokutanga investor angada kuziva kuti mwedzi yakawanda chirongwa dzinenge kuuya "razero". Vakawanda tinogona kutaura kuti nzira kunyatsoongorora mari zvirongwa nechokuita nenguva chinhu. Vakaongorora boka chezvinhu zvinokosha kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, nzira dzekuziva correlative imwe nguva.

Kana tikafunga kuti zvinodiwa kuti kunyatsoongorora mari zvirongwa zviri chokuita nguva, muudzame, zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa zvinotevera zvawanyora:

• mambure varipo ukoshi;
• uye dzakachinjwa zvazvingava dzakawanda chokudzoka;
• paavhareji zvazvingava, uye indekisi kuti profitability.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira izvi zvinodiwa? Kazhinji kacho, kuti investor anogamuchira streamlined-digital chakarurama zvinogona kubvumira sranivat zvakawanda zvinogona zvirongwa.

The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mabhizimisi womuenzaniso

Verenga "variables" pamusoro ari "nzira" kuti isu takasiya kumusoro, kana zvakafanana, asi investor achaedza chokuongorora, pakutanga kwezvose, yaida mabhizimisi womuenzaniso entrepreneur. Ndizvo kuridzidza kuvapo zvinogadzirisa kuti vanokwanisa kupa zvinodiwa chokubuda kwemari munguva nguva kuti chinokodzera iri investor nezvimwe wekuongorora. Nezvinodzidziswa kuongorora mari muzvirongwa, inobva zvinhu dzemabhizimisi womuenzaniso, kwakavakirwa kushandisa dzinokosha nzira pakuverenga kiyi unongotaura zviratidzo. Ngationgororei navo.

kukarukureta kuti zviratidzo

In tsika, dzemaitirwe pakati zviratidzo, sezvinoita mutemo, rinoitwa kushandisa nzira discounting. Kuti, akatorwa ukuru weighted avhareji guru, kana, kana iri nani kubva pfungwa nemaonero yebhizimisi womuenzaniso, paavhareji musika goho zvakafanana zvirongwa. Pane discounting nzira inobva pamahombekombe prices. Rinoitwa munhu fananidzo profitability chirongwa, sezvo nezvechisarudzo pamwe zvibereko kana kuisa imwe mari iri dhipoziti mubhengi. Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvakadai nokuti dzinoongorora kubudirira mari muzvirongwa uyewo kufungawo mitengo kana yakabatana ayo pezvakaitwa, kuratidza depreciation yokuitirwa kukosha nokuda investor kuti midziyo.

Ngatiendei zvino kubva dzidziso yokuita. Funga kuti kunyatsoongorora mari zvirongwa kunze muenzaniso vamwe akasarudzwa kuonana pamusoro zvinodiwa. Tinotanga chete payback nguva. Uyu ndiwo mumwe anokosha zviratidzi vakaperekedza kunyatsoongorora inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa. Kana, somuenzaniso, vamwe nzira vaviri akaenzanisa basa zvirongwa fanana, zvinodiwa inowanzopiwa kune upfumi vachaenda nokukurumidza "kune razero."

Analysis payback

chokuratidza ichi - inguva penguva pakati nguva kushanda dzemabhizimisi chirongwa (kana mari investor tranche upfumi) uye Kuda kutamba zviitiko, kana yaipedzerwa ari vaunganidza mambure purofiti vakaenzana zvachose Vhoriyamu upfumi. Dzimwe nyanzvi wedzera mumwe mugariro - muitiro mubhizimisi goho "razero" anofanira kunge mberi. Kureva, kana mwedzi pashure kutanga bhizimisi zvakaoma zvabatwa kuva mari vakaenzana, uye pashure penguva yakati zvakare mari kunge kupfuura kwemari, asi payback nguva iri usatsungirira. Zvisinei, pane vaongorori, kwete achifunga yokuona kana kufunga nayo sechikamu kunzwisisa zvokuimba pamwe yakawanda ezvinhu.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanoita vanowanzotevedzera kutora chisarudzo chakanaka pahwaro migumisiro Kuongorora payback nguva? Nyanzvi ziva huru nyaya mbiri. Chekutanga, kana vari kuwirirana nenguva purofiti yakaenzana kana akafanana risingamboshandisi dhisikaundi mwero riri annualized hwaro, panenge memwedzi 12. Kureva, panongova kutaura, kana yokutanga 10 months chirongwa racho investor achawana profitability 15%, zvakaenzana 15% chete annum mubhangi, achaita vanoda mari iri basa, iwe kuzarura rubatso kuti dzasara 2 months kupinda kusunungurwa guru mari yakawanda Kuda a. Chechipiri, kusarudza mari mumabhizimisi rigamuchirwe, kana investor anowana zvinogamuchirika payback nguva, chero kuti tinyatsonzwisisa nengozi yacho mubhizimisi chirongwa hachisi kuziva zvinhu zvingaita kuderera profitability. zviitiko akadaro kunyanya yo upfumi pamwe yakaderera mitengo uye pasi volatility pamusoro Gengi (uye saka chikamu chiduku Bank deposits) - ipapo vanoita zvimwe kuda kufunga bhizimisi mubhizimisi chaiyo, kunyatsoteerera kwete chete profitability, asiwo pangozi.

Zvisinei, kuti kunyatsoongorora mari muzvirongwa zvinobuda chete kubva payback munguva iri kukwana. Kunyanya nokuti iyi haisi kufungwa mubereko kuti kunogona kuwanikwa pashure zveminda pfuura mari. Tichishandisa kutaura, zvingaita zvakanaka kuitika kuti investor achagamuchira 15% uye yokubvisa mari, kusuwa mukana uwane mamwe 30% pamusoro rinotevera gore.

Net varipo ukoshi

Sezvatakamboreva kumusoro, chokupika kunyatsoongorora mari zvirongwa zvinosanganisira nzira dzakadai mambure chipo ukoshi. Zvinomirira musiyano pakati kukosha zvinotarisirwa kukura uye kwemari kutanga upfumi mubhizimisi. Kureva, zvinoratidza papi kungawedzera zvachose guru rakasimba. The investor aizopa kupfuura rokuvaka, iro mambure chipo chaiko chete nenhanho pangozi uye panguva imwe chete penguva anotarisirwa kumusoro. Panyaya iyi, iyo payback nguva haigoni kufungwa nezvazvo zvachose (kunyange hakusi kazhinji).

IRR

The pamusoro zviratidzi kuti mari muzvirongwa Kukoshesa kazhinji vaisanganisa ne nzira dzakadai mwero dzakawanda chokudzoka. The chikuru mukana chokushandisa ichi ndechokuti investor wacho purofiti inogona dzaona pasina dzimwe nyaya yacho dhisikaundi unodiwa. Izvi zvinokwanisika sei? Chokwadi chokuti womukati chimiro zvibereko zvinofanirwa anoenderana iyoyo dhisikaundi zvazvingava, asi panguva imwe chete kukosha kutarisirwa kwemari kuti kufanana kukura inivhesitimendi. Tichishandisa kutaura, investor, wakati paakapiwa basa racho 100 zviuru. Rubles, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti pane imwe mari achagamuchira pashure yakati nguva, uyewo "shoma", kuronga pamusoro pachishandiswa dhisikaundi unodiwa.

The dzakachinjwa Kutonga

Kunyatsoongorora mari Kukwezva chirongwa anogona vaisanganisa ne nzira dzakadai dzakachinjwa mwero dzakawanda chokudzoka. Rinogona kushandiswa mune chiitiko Somuenzaniso, mambure chipo mutengo akaipa (muduku kupfuura dhisikaundi mwero), kunyange dzimwe akanaka zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko kwakajairika womukati mwero kudzoka. Kureva, panongova kutaura, mumwe investor, bhizimisi 100 zviuru. Rubles chaiyo munguva, ivo kudzoka shoma 15% pashure 10 mwedzi mubhizimisi, asi pashure 24 mwedzi, zvinonyatsorehwa profitability pamusoro zvebhizimisi ndiyo 1-2%. Muchiitiko chino, + zvinovawo zvakakodzera kuti kuchinja womukati goho, yakavakirwa nguva apo yacho havakwanisi kusangana chokuratidza maererano dhisikaundi zvazvingava, kusvikira mumbure kurasikirwa Kuda kutamba. Investor, saka zvakakosha kuziva: zvichida zviri nani kushandisa 100 zviuru rubles nokuda ezvinhu yokudzoka, pamwe mubereko pa 10 months uye zviuru 15 mari yechibatiso pane zvakananga mari dzaivapo kuti 24 mwedzi uye kuti awane zviuru chete 1-2 rubles ....

profitability indekisi

Economic kunyatsoongorora mari muzvirongwa, sezvinoita mutemo, akaronga kusanganisira vari kuongorora imwe chokuratidza akadai ane indekisi kuti profitability. Ipfungwa Izvi zvinobvumira kuti uone sei achawana, paavhareji, vanoita zvose (kana chete kana zvose guta guru kambani yake) akasvika pashure yakati kwenguva, kwakavakirwa yepakutanga mari akatuma.

Qualitative zvinodiwa

Takurukura zvakaringana, quantitative dzekuziva kuti inogona kuitwa zvemari kunyatsoongorora pamusoro inivhesitimendi chirongwa. Panewo zvakare Qualitative parameters. Ndivo zvakaoma chaizvo kuti uwandu (kunyange mune zvimwewo, Chokwadi, zvinobvira). Asi havana kazhinji hapana kumboderera pane "nzira" kuti kufunga parameters taidzidza kumusoro. On Inzirai tinogona kutaura? Nyanzvi kuziva zvinotevera yakatarwa pavo.

Chekutanga, vakadzidza basa chirongwa vanofanira kuva pakati nepakati, kufunga chinangwa ezvinhu pamusika, kundosangana chakataurwa zvinangwa. Chechipiri, zvinovavarirwa uye zvomurayiro entrepreneur kunofanira yakakwana kune iripo pfuma - dzevanhu pfuma, wakaiswa pfuma, zvinopa mari. Chechitatu, raizoitwa muna zvakakodzera pamusoro Qualitative tinyatsonzwisisa nengozi yacho inivhesitimendi chirongwa. Chechina, kambani inofanira ngaaverenge zvichibvira kukanganisa pamusoro Implementation bhizimisi initsativy pamusoro munzvimbo dzisiri zvoupfumi - vanhu, zvematongerwe pachiyero imwe nharaunda kana Municipality, zvakatipoteredza, kuongorora zvinokonzerwa branding.

profitability zvinhu

Kutaura zvazviri, pane kuwanda kuti kuchiiswa mu "nzira" kuti Pakusarudza ouchenjeri nzira, pahwaro izvo zvinogona vakafunga mubhizimisi Kukwezva nechirongwa? Data anogona zhinji. Edza kuona zvinhu zvingava hunhu hwavo. Nyanzvi ziva mapoka maviri chikuru zvinoita kuti itibatsire "variables" kuti "Zvituko" nokuti mutsindo mabasa - avo kuti chokuita uwandu purofiti, uye avo chokuita mari. Zvisinei, kupatsanura ichi ndechokuti chikamu kusiyana kuti mumwe chete zvinogona kuita zvose pave kukura chekambani kwemari uye panguva imwecheteyo omesa bhizimisi kune mumwe. A muenzaniso nyore - the Ruble. kukura Its akanaka kwazvo exporters - zveminda yavo Russian National mari iri kukura. Uyewo importers vanofanira yekudyidzana overpay. Kuwedzera mari zvokutengeserana, chii zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kupa muenzaniso?

Izvi zvinogona kuva kuwedzera kana kudzikisa vanokwanisa neimwe chidimbu kubva kumusika, uye somugumisiro, rokutengesa mavhoriyamu kuchawedzera kana kudukupiswa. Kazhinji, izvi nokuda chidzoke vatambi vatsva indasitiri, akazobatanidzwa, bankruptcies, nezvimwewo, mune zvimwe zviitiko - .. Public negwaro. Chimwe chinhu - kuwedzera mari nokuda mitengo wekambani, kuchinja pamisika kutsiga bhizimisi uye Contractors. Uye muenzaniso matambudziko kwesayenzi pezvakaitwa - pakatanga zvimwe rokutengesa maturusi kana kugadzirwa anogona yekudyidzana kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa kwemari kukura mumabhizimisi. Kazhinji, kuvatsva midziyo raizosanganisira rutapudzo pamusoro muzvigadzirwa kutenderera. Somugumisiro - nhumbi dzisvike musika nokukurumidza. Maonero ari mubhizimisi Mari yaidiwa kuvaka nani maindasitiri chawo chingava kupfuura izvo kunosanganisira kushandiswa, kunyange yakavimbika, asi zvikuru kuchinja panyaya simba rinomutsa ari kugadzirwa michina nhumbi.

mamwe zvinodiwa

Panewo zviratidzo zviri kunyatsoongorora mari muzvirongwa, vasina chete ezvoupfumi zvakasikwa, sezvo yakavakirwa, kuti mukuru pamwero chizvidavirire dzemitemo. Kureva akadzidza sei zvinobudirira panguva zvebhizimisi yenhau sezvo nguva vanoongorora uye apiwa kuongorora mari pazvinhu yesangano, pakuti kunobudirira Workflow iri kugadziridzwa mukati kambani uye nemasangano nemumwe, mamiriro zvivako.

Zvinogonekawo ezvoupfumi kunyatsoongorora mari muzvirongwa panguva makro chechetere. Ndiko, pane kuongorora mubatanidzwa zvinhu, izvo zvingaita tarisiro dzemabhizimisi, kwakavakirwa ezvinhu mumusika National kana pasi rose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kufungwa chaiwo mutemo. Kureva, kana Somuenzaniso, pachiyero kunobva mutemo panguva yeUnited pamwero kungava rushoma kururamiswa muna zvoushumiri tsika mitemo (somuenzaniso, kurambidza chairehwa zvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kunze), kuti investor angawana kukodzera mari yebhizimisi yakadaro, pasinei chii kwacho mutengo-kushanda uye profitability zviri vaizotibata chaizvo.

Anogona kuitwa kwete chete mari kunyatsoongorora zviri mubhizimisi chirongwa, asiwo, Somuenzaniso, kuongorora wacho muridzi bhizimisi padanho kwepfungwa uye ayo kubatana, vanorumbidza nezvimwe musika vatambi. The musiyano, kana investor asarudza pachishandiswa noukama kuna munhu anonzi ari mumiriri zvebhizimisi vakaroorana.

Zvinogonekawo, kana mari tarisiro chichange dzinoongororwa kwakavakirwa kunenge dzimwe musika vechikamu indasitiri kuera, nguva nenguva pamberi zvizivikanwe uye chekambani Executives munhau. Kana zviri chakakomba mubhizimisi - the investor zvinowanzosanganisira ane Integrated nzira iri kuongorora zviri inivhesitimendi chirongwa.