Kushandurwa reshiyo of transformer

Hwaro nokushanda transformer kunotema ari Chiitiko pakati remagetsi induction. A transformer Musimboti rinoumbwa nomunhu simbi ndiro, vakaungana kuva namahwindo chakafanana fomu. Musimboti vanoiswa maviri ichitenderera S₁ uye S₂ nokuwanda muchichinjana uye w₁ w₂. The windings zvishoma nemishonga uye yakakwirira inductance.

Kushandiswawo vose kumagumo ichitenderera S₁, yatinoti chikuru rakatumbuka voltage U₁. By ichitenderera vanopfuura rakatumbuka ano I, izvo magnetize chinoumba simbi nokuisa pamberi rakatumbuka rinobva nekubudisa. Magnetizing ano chiito Proportional nokuwanda ampere-majana (Iw₁).

Sezvo ano vosimba kuchawedzera rinobva zvinoyerera musimboti, izvo zvinomutsa shanduko iri majana ose Coil electromotive simba yokuzvidzora induction. Kamwe wasvika Zvakarurama voltage, kuwedzera kuitika mudunhu chikuru rinomira. Saka, muna transformer chepuraimari ichitenderera redunhu kuchaita ishande U₁ akashandisa voltage uye electromotive simba dzokuzvikoshesa induction E₁. Panyaya iyi voltage U₁ E₁ mukuru chitsama pamusoro voltage donhwe iri ichitenderera iduku kwazvo. Naizvozvo, tinogona kusvika kunyora:

U₁ = E₁.

Rakatumbuka rinobva nekubudisa kuitika transformer chinoumba, inopfuura pamusoro wayo chesekondari ichitenderera Coils, mumwe coils zvinofadza coils zvokuti pamwero mukuru electromotive simba sechinhu chikuru ichitenderera mumwe coils.

Inobva chokwadi kuti uwandu chikuru majana akaenzana w₁, uye yechipiri - w₂, iri aigona kupinzwa simba vari ukuwo, yakaenzana:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

apo e - electromotive simba zvakapararira munzvimbo coils.

The voltage panguva kumigumo U₂ rakavhurika ichitenderera electromotive simba nahwo, semuna.:

U₂ = E₂.

Naizvozvo, tinogona kugumisa kuti voltage zvose magumo transformer chepuraimari ichitenderera saka zvinoreva kukosha voltage mativi rechipiri coils, nhamba chikuru majana chokuita nokuwanda muchichinjana ari yechipiri ichitenderera:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

Constant k - ano transformer ratios.

Pakadaro, kana zvakakodzera kuwedzera voltage, ronga rwechipiri ichitenderera pamwe zvakawedzera nhamba muchichinjana (anonzi danho-up transformer); kune apo zvakakodzera kuti kudzikisa voltage, rwechipiri ichitenderera pamusoro transformer kubatwa vashomanana muchichinjana (vanotsika-pasi transformer). A transformer anogona kuita zvose danho-up kusanduka reshiyo, uye sezvo danho-pasi, zvichienderana iro rinoshandiswa senzira chikuru ichitenderera.

Nepo yechipiri ichitenderera yakazaruka (hakuna AC). The transformer ari idling. Saka unopedza zvishoma simba, sezvo pari, magnetizing simbi chinoumba nokuda hombe inductance coils iduku kwazvo. Energy Kupfuudzwa kuti remudunhu yechipiri kubva zvikuru apo offline. Izvi zvinopa mukana wokudzidza kuchinja reshiyo, ari kurwisa kuti usimbe uye kuitika transformer.

Transformer mutoro, muchinjikwa kuburikidza resistor remudunhu yechipiri ichitenderera. Zvino ndichakwira pamusoro ari induction ano, runotaurwa tsamba I₂. Izvi razvino, maererano nomutemo Lenz kuchaita kuti kuderera of rinobva zvinoyerera pokupedzisira. Zvisinei, ari kunetesa iri rinobva zvinoyerera musimboti kuchaderedza vaizviita induction electromotive simba iri rinonyanya ichitenderera uye kuti kusaenzana pakati simba ichi uye voltage E₁ U₁, inopiwa jenareta kune chepuraimari ichitenderera. Somugumisiro, chikuru ichitenderera ano kuwedzera kune mamwe ukoshi I₁ uye rinova akaenzana I + I₁. Nokuda Zvakawanikwa kuitika rinobva zvinoyerera ari transformer chinoumba kuchawedzera ayo yapfuura kukosha uye kusaenzana pakati U₁ uye E₁ rwatodzoreredzwa zvakare. Saka, pakuonekwa yechipiri ano I₂ kunokonzera kuwedzera kuitika mune chikuru ichitenderera kukosha I₁, izvo anoona mutoro kuitika chezvinhu ichitenderera pamusoro transformer.

Kana mutoro transformer unoitwa kuramba kupararira simba iri kutenderera yechipiri kubva chikuru. Nomurayiro kuchengetedza uye kusanduka simba, kuitika mune chikuru wedunhu simba akaenzana magetsi ari yechipiri simba redunhu; Naizvozvo, unofanira kuita kuti kuenzana:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U₂.

Kutaura zvazviri, kuenzana ichi hachisi kuchengetwa, sezvo ari transformer pane Nokurasikirwa, kunyange zviduku. Kushandurwa reshiyo anenge 94-99%.