Information vatakuri: mhando uye mienzaniso

Human budiriro panguva ivepo awana nzira dzakawanda kunyora ruzivo. Gore negore, mavhoriyamu dzavo vari kuwedzera geometrical kunoita. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, uye kuchinja nhau. Ndicho shanduka ichi ichakurukurwa pazasi.

zvisaririra kare

Zvivako zvekare mabasa evanhu anogona aionekwa padombo mifananidzo, izvo zvinoratidza mhuka kuti vakanga vachivhima zvinangwa. Yokutanga Vezvenhau zvaioneka vaiva rwokuzvarwa mavambo.

The budiriro chaiyo zvinobvira funga chakaita kunyora kubva sevaSumer, vaigara vemazuva Iraq uye kushandiswa hausi ibwe, uye mahwendefa evhu, dzakanga vanogumurwa anyora. Saka, nenjodzi iri yekudyidzana ichiwedzerwa. Zvisinei, mwero panguva iyo yakanyorwa ruzivo raiva pasi kwazvo.

Unogona kuonawo muEgipita enhokwe, namo, matehwe, izvo akatanga kunyora muna Persian. In Asia, richishandiswa yemishenjere sirika. MaIndia Ancient akanga nodular rakasiyana kunyora hurongwa. MuRussia, kuti run rakanga elm, izvo vematongo nhasi.

bepa

Paper Vezvenhau revolutionized, ndeyokuti chiri nyore kuona. Pasinei nokuti analogues ose cellulosic zvinhu vokutanga vakawana nokuda Chinese iri II remakore, zvakava riwanikwe nevoruzhinji chete XIX remakore.

Tiine chidzoke pabepa mabhuku anoenderana. Munguva 1450s zviri zvinhu yokuGermany Johann Gutenberg akazogadzira ruoko-wokudhinda achishandisa zvakabuda makopi maviri eBhaibheri. Zviitiko izvi aiva pokutangira itsva nguva Kudhinda. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye ruzivo akarega kuva mugove nhete rukoko kwavamwe uye saka kuwanikwa munhu wose anoda.

bepa yanhasi newsprint, nemichina, zvemapuranga, uye zvichingodaro. D. kusarudza Its kunobva zvikurukuru chinangwa. Uye kunyange zvazvo michena zviri kudiwa kupfuura kare, itsva nzvimbo kwayo yakatobuda kwakaguma.

Nezvibhakera makadhi bepa tepi

kusunda Next kukura mashoko Vezvenhau vakagamuchira pakutanga ari XIX remakore, apo wokutanga paperboard makadhi. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kufanorongwa mawindo kuburikidza iyo mashoko ari kuverenga. Pakutanga, kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kudzora kuenda apa.

Kufarira chigadzirwa itsva yakawedzera shure akatanga kushandiswa muna US nokuda yamunenge uye nokukurumidza count zvabuda vokuparidzira vaverengwe muna 1890. Kugadzirwa makadhi akabata mune ramangwana, IBM rava piyona kwemichina kombiyuta. Ichatonga zvine mbiri mabikirwo yaiva pakati XX remakore. Panguva iyoyo yakatanga kuparadzira mashoko binary hurongwa, kuronga uye kuronga dzakasiyanasiyana mashoko.

Okutanga Vezvenhau kombiyuta vakanga chibhakera tepi. Vakanga vakaita mapepa uye anoshandiswa telegraphy. Nokuda kwayo tepi youduku achibvumira nyore kwezvavakaisa goho. Izvi akavaita inokosha kusvikira pakuonekwa rinobva vakwikwidzi.

rinobva tepi

Pasinei rapfuura kwokunze mashoko vatakuri zvakanaka, havagoni bereka zvakanga wakaiswa. dambudziko iri rakanga chakagadziriswa pamwe veMubatanidzwa rinobva tepi. Zviri anonzwisisa substrate zvinenge zvakazara akaturikidzana anoverengeka, iro mashoko akanyorwa. Sezvo vachishanda Urume akaita siyana zvine maatomu akafanana simbi, cobalt, chromium.

Magnetic okuchengetera nhau vakaita budiriro iri inzwi yakarekodwa. Zvinonzi utsanzi ichi akabvumira michina itsva nokukurumidza kwokupedza muGermany 30s. Previous mano (giramufomu chinyorwa vatambi, rekodhi vatambi) zvakasiyana zvokuimba hunhu uye havana inoshanda. Pakanga kwakapararira tepi coils uye kukaseti mhando.

Munguva 50s kwave kuedza kushandisa zviitiko izvi ave kombiyuta chekuchengeta nevezvenhau. Magnetic matepi vakanga kwakamboitwa pachake makombiyuta ari 80s. mukurumbira wavo kunonyanya kukonzerwa zvakanakira izvi. sezvo kukwanisa guru, hama cheapness okuwana uye vakaderera simba rakawanda.

Zvakaipira matepi inogona kunzi musi wazvinenge. Sezvo vari demagnetized pamusoro nguva. In yakanaka zvakadaro, mashoko mumabhatiri pamusoro 40 - 50 makore. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa pamanyorerwo kuva nevakawanda munyika. Tinofanira kutaura kuzvitora vhidhiyo, iyo yakakura kuguma XX remakore. Magnetic date vatakuri vava mutsva mhando nhepfenyuro nheyo muviri uye.

Hard Zvifambiso

Zvichakadai, indasitiri kukura mberi. Information vatakuri zvinoda yakawanda mazuvaano. Wokutanga Zvifambiso zvakaoma kana zvakaoma Zvifambiso akanga akamiswa muna 1956, IBM mauto. Zvisinei, vakanga seisingashandi. Ivo akakura kupfuura bhokisi, uye uremu anenge akaenzana tani. Bhuku nemashoko akachengetwa hakuiti kupfuudza 3.5 megabytes. Zvisinei, gare gare, mureza yakazokudziridzwa, uye kubudikidza 1995 akakurirwa ngaasungirire 10 gigabytes. Uye pashure pemakore 10, ndokuenda pasero Hitachi mienzaniso Vhoriyamu 500 gigabytes.

Kusiyana tefa analogues Zvifambiso zvakaoma ane aruminiyamu kwamahwendefa. The Data kuburitswa ne verenga misoro. Havana hamubati dhisiki, uye anoshanda chinhambwe nanometers anoverengeka kubva. Zvisinei musimboti kushanda zvakafanana hunhu HDD vanyori. Musiyano mukuru iri mumuviri zvakashandiswa kugadzira Namano. Hard Zvifambiso vava hwaro pachavo makombiyuta. Nokufamba kwenguva, mienzaniso iyi zvakabudiswa pamwe Zvifambiso, actuators uye Electronics.

Tisingatauri makuru ndangariro zvinodiwa date zvirimo, Zvifambiso rakaoma mumwe buffer inodiwa kuti vamugadzirire velocity kuverenga kubva mudziyo.

3.5-padiki floppy dhisiki

Panguva iyoyo kuenda kuenda mberi mune zvinogona diki. Zivo rinobva zvivako anobatsira mukusika diskettes, mashoko anoverengwa ne rinokosha tikachirega. The analogue yokutanga yakadaro wakatangwa IBM muna 1971. Density kutsikisa mashoko akadaro vatakuri akanga kusvika 3 megabytes. Hwaro diskette waiva floppy dhisiki, akafukidzwa paiva ferromagnetic zvinhu.

The chikuru budiriro - kuderedza kukura nhau panyama - akaita youduku ichi kunyanya pamusika kwerinopfuura kota remakore. Chete muUnited States vari 80s kubudisa kusvika diskettes itsva mamiriyoni 300.

Pasinei zhinji zvazvakanakira, kuti utsva akanga zvainovhiringidzawo - aikanganiswa rinobva chipingaidzo uye vakaderera kukwanisa zvichienzaniswa zvose kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvavo kombiyuta user.

maCD

Chizvarwa chokutanga Manyiminya Vezvenhau vakatanga maCD. kumumvuri wavo achiri zvinyorwa. Zvisinei, idzva kwokunze mashoko vatakuri dzakagadzirwa polycarbonate. The Disc yamarudzi ichi chaiva thinnest unhani nesimbi (goridhe, sirivha, aruminiyamu). Kudzivirira data, Yakanga yakafukidzwa rinokosha varnish.

Nomukurumbira CD yakanga yakataurwa Sony mauto uye muhombodo vakawanda kugadzirwa muna 1982. Wokutanga nemanyorerwo vakagamuchira yakafara kukurumbira nokuda nyore yakarekodwa. Vhoriyamu anoverengeka zana megabytes akabvumira bvikinyidza turntables vokutanga uye tepi vanyori uye pashure. Kana wokutanga muduku ari mashoko vhoriyamu, yokupedzisira akasiyana kuipa mutsindo unhu. Uyewo ichidaro akatumira yapfuura diskettes, izvo kwete chete dzichengeterwe zvishoma data, asi havana zvakare dzinombotinyepera.

Compact discs akakonzera kumukira mumunda pachavo makombiyuta. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru indasitiri Hofori (semuenzaniso, Apple) kunge dzava kushandisa kugadzirwa hrs vane Zvifambiso anotsigira CD format.

DVD uye Blue-Ray

Optical date vatakuri chizvarwa kutanga musi mumwe chekuchengeta kuwedzera refu. Muna 1996, kwaiva DVD, izvo maererano bhuku zvaipfuura tateguru vake katanhatu. Mureza itsva inoita kuti vanyore mavhidhiyo yakareba refu. Pasi pake akakurumidza kuchinja kuti firimu indasitiri. DVD mafirimu vava pachena kuwanika pasi rose. Nheyo kushanda uye Coding ruzivo kupfuura maCD kumbochinja.

Pakupedzisira, muna 2006, zvakanga yakatanga itsva, kusvikira zuva, wokupedzisira Manyiminya nevezvenhau format. Vhoriyamu rakava ari mazana gigabytes. Izvi zvinoita yakanakisisa ruzha kurekodha uye mavhidhiyo unhu.

hondo zvinogona

Over achangopfuura makore, kakawanda kusawirirana pakati kuchipesana date okuchengetera zvinogona. External Zvifambiso kubvira vagadziri siyana raitevera padariro okukura ari indasitiri makwikwi mumwe nokuda chindingindingi pamanyorerwo.

Imwe mienzaniso yokutanga yakadaro anosanganisira Kurwisana giramufomu Edison gramophone Berliner 10-ies XX remakore. Zvimwe kukakavadzana akadaro panomuka pakati CD-makaseti uye 8-njanji Audio makaseti; VHS uye Betamax; MP3 uye AAC, uye zvichingodaro. D. wokupedzisira pane dzino raiva "hondo" pakati HD DVD uye Blue-Ray, izvo yakaguma muna kukunda chechipiri.

Flash anodzinga

Mienzaniso okuchengetera zvenhau kuita pasina kudoma USB-nokupenya Zvifambiso. The Universal Serial Bus yokutanga yakatanga pakati pezana 90s. To musi, pane kare rudzi rwechitatu ino date inowanikwa. The bhazi unobvumidza chokuita kuti PC peripheral. Kunyange zvazvo dambudziko iri aripo kare kusati kwatombova USB, kwakasarudzwa chete mumakore gumi adarika.

Nhasi, kombiyuta ose ane kucherechedzwa slots, kuburikidza paunogona batanidza kuti kombiyuta mbozha wako, mutambi, hwendefa, uye zvichingodaro. D. Fast Data hutachiwana chero pamanyorerwo akaita USB zvakasikwa zvechokwadi chiridzwa.

The kukurumbira chikuru akagamuchirwa nokupenya Zvifambiso kana anopenya Zvifambiso mumitauro yemo yakavakirwa inowanikwa ichi. mudziyo kwakadaro ane USB-connector, mumwe microcontroller Chip, mumwe Goldstone resonator uye akatungamirira. mashoko ose aya akaita kuti kuramba ari muhomwe gigabytes ose mashoko. In saizi USB Flash Drive anopa kunyange floppy disks, tinazvo vanokwanisa 3 megabytes. Dzimwe nguva rakawedzerwa mano, sezvamakaropafadzwa ruzivo chekuchengeta rinoitwa. Media Kusiyana neizvi, vanowanzotevedzera mumuviri rutapudzo.

connector pakawanda achibvumira Zvifambiso kushanda kwete chete oga makombiyuta, asiwo TVs, DVD-vatambi uye dzimwe Namano USB michina. Kunakisa huru ichienzaniswa Manyiminya dzomuzana havazodi kubatwa Kufurirwa nevamwe. Flash nemotokari hakusi kutya anokwenya uye guruva kuti aiva munhuwo kutyisidzira CD.

rakapotsa chokwadi

Mumakore achangopfuura, kombiyuta okuchengetera nhau muduku nzvimbo rakapotsa dzimwe. Sezvo nhasi riri nyore kubatanidza ane PC kuti pose network, mashoko inochengeterwa takambova servers. Facilities zvinopa. Zvino, kuti vawane mafaira dzavo, inodzidzisa haafaniri mumuviri svikiro. Kutaura mashoko anenge ari munzvimbo zvakakwana mukati nhau yacho Wireless Wi-Fi nokwauri uye t. D.

Uyezve, chiitiko ichi kunobatsira kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika pamwe kukundikana mumuviri Zvifambiso kuti vari pangozi kukuvara. Kure Server chokuita kuti rutsigiro chiratidzo chisingazobudiswi kukanganiswa, sezvo zvakaita zvisingafanoonekwi mamiriro ezvinhu apo pane wandisa date chekuchengeta.

mhedziso

Munhau - kubva bako mifananidzo kuti chaivo matomu - murume akatsvaka kuti mashoko vatakuri bulkier, zvikuru hwakavimbika oornag. chido ichi chakaita kuti chokwadi kuti nhasi tiri kurarama munguva iyoyo haisi pasina chikonzero akadana remakore rokutanga vanhu mashoko. Progress akasvika chii zvino vanhu muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva chete kuvhunga ari date murukova. Zvichida mashoko vatakuri, izvo zvose zvinoridzwa muwande, zvachinja, maererano nezvinodiwa sovremenennogo munhu.