Little kubata mararamiro akwariyamu. namahwindo mararamiro ari akwariyamu sei?

Pfungwa imwe mararamiro inowanzopiwa kureva zvinhu zvakagara kunosiyana kunzwisisa uye size: asi taiga, kana dondo diki, makungwa, kana dziva duku. Vanoshandira zvakaoma akadzikama dzinongoitika kwendangariro. Panewo zvoutachiona enyika nokuda artificially. Muenzaniso uri akwariyamu mararamiro, pachiyero zvakakodzera izvo nekugadzirwa murume.

Mhando zvinhu zvipenyu uye dzavo unhu

Mararamiro ndiyo yakatarwa zvipenyu zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana pane imwe nzvimbo pamusoro biosphere, ayo zvakabatana pakati kwete chete pachavo asiwo zvinoumba zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa ichitanga yacho uye simba kuchinja. Zvingava zvomuzvarirwo uye chakagadzirwa.

Natural zvinhu zvipenyu (masango, nomumatondo, nemapani, nyanza, negungwa, etc.) vari kuzvipira yokudzora chivako. Chakagadzirwa zvinhu zvipenyu (agrocenosis, aquariums, etc.) zvinosikwa uye nekugadzirwa murume.

Sechivako mararamiro

In ikoroji, imwe mararamiro ndiyo huru dzichipfekeka chikwata. Inoitwa vasiri zvipenyu sezvo svikiro uye zvakamisa hurongwa kuti wezvikamu kukanganisa mumwe ehupfumi. mamiriro ayo, pasinei ane mararamiro dzinongoitika dziva kana akwariyamu mararamiro kuti zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

• Spatial - vakagovera zvinenge neimwe zvipenyu hurongwa.
• Species - uwandu mhenyu rudzi uye nhamba nhamba dzavo.
• Community zvinoriumba: abiotic (zvisina upenyu hunhu) uye biotic (zvinenge - vatengi, vaburitsi kuvaparadzi).
• The kuchovha kwenyaya uye simba - chinhu ezvinhu chinokosha kuvapo mararamiro.
• Kutsiga mararamiro, iyo kunoenderana nenhamba kurarama mhando mairi uye kureba kunotangira simba matunhu.

Funga nezvomuenzaniso mumwe zvipenyu hurongwa - the akwariyamu. Chakagadzirwa mararamiro rinosanganisira zvose STRUCTURAL dzakabatana. The tangi weumwe saizi (spatial nzvimbo) anorarama chipenyu gadziriro zvinoriumba (hove, zvinomera, tupukanana tusingaoneki). yenhengo dzayo zvakare mvura, ivhu, driftwood. Aquarium - a namahwindo mararamiro, saka vagari vayo vari artificially akasika zvinhu pedyo dzinongoitika. Sei kushandisa chiedza, sezvo chinhu chipenyu hadzikwanisi kuva uye kurarama pasina chiedza; thermoregulation - kuchengetedza dzose tembiricha chechetere; Aeration uye filtration - nokuti vachigovera okisijeni mumvura uye kugara okuchenesa.

misiyano zvinhu zvipenyu

Pakutanga zvingaita sokuti akwariyamu mararamiro haasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva dzinongoitika Dam. Uyewo, akwariyamu pachayo - rudzi chiduku gwaro namahwindo mutumbi mvura aida pakuchengeta uye maberekero hove uye zvirimwa. Upenyu mairi zvakabuda musi chaivo pezvakaitwa zvakafanana. Chete akwariyamu - chiduku chakagadzirwa mararamiro. Mariri matambudziko abiotic zvinoriumba (tembiricha, chiedza, kuwoma mvura, ph , uye vamwe) pamusoro biotic zvinoriumba nepakati munhu. Anotaurawo inotsigira akwariyamu zvose zvakafanira mabasa anokosha, nguva iyo hunoenderana chiitiko aquarist, kukwanisa kwake kudzora pakuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, kunyange nokungwarira zvakakodzera, iye anowira nguva nenguva munzvimbo kuora, uye murume ane kuomerera nokushivirira zvakare muna indoor dziva. Nei izvi zvichiitika?

chikonzero chokufunga

akwariyamu mararamiro anoenderana makore ayo mvura kwezvakatipoteredza. Chobudira nzendo inotungamirwa, vechidiki, kukura uye kudzikisirana. imwe kusaenzana mune mararamiro angakudzivisai imwe mbesa shoma uye hove havachasungirwi bereka.

It anobatsira basa rinokosha uye kukosha akwariyamu. Kubva kwayo Kukura upenyu kunobva zvakananga zvakatipoteredza. Zvinoita sokuti mararamiro zvakasikwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti yakakura bhuku dura, chikuru runodiwa zvakanyatsoenzana kutyorwa hachichinji. In imwe akwariyamu kusvika 200 litres zviri nyore kuumba dzinogarisana pedyo dzinongoitika, asi zvikuru kurega nengaidzo mu asina hanya maitiro ayo.

Aquariums diki inokwana 30-40 litres inoda nguva dzose mvura kuchinja. Mukati musoro nemiganhu yayo kushandurwa 1 / 3-1 / 5, anogona zunzai zvakanyatsoenzana kudzikama, asi svikiro anomutswa mazuva mashomanana dzavo, asi anogona kutyora nyore hwakagadzwa mwero kana yaitsiva ose mvura.

The aquarist anofanira kuziva kuti, pokubatana mararamiro, zvinokosha kuramba takatsiga kwake usingashandi kupindira.

zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza hurongwa womuenzaniso

Aquarium - duku chakagadzirwa mararamiro, ane chimiro iri zvishoma zvakasiyana zvepanyama. Zvinoumba mararamiro ndivo biotope uye biocenosis. The akwariyamu inorganic hunhu (biotope) ndiyo mvura, ivhu, zvivako zvavo. Kunosanganisirawo chitsama nzvimbo yacho aqueous svikiro, ayo mufambo, tembiricha, chiedza uye nezvimwe parameters. Zvakafanira ehupfumi nzvimbo vakasikwa uye nekugadzirwa murume. Anoidyisa vagere akwariyamu, kutarisira rucheno ivhu uye mvura. Nokudaro kusika muenzaniso mararamiro. Zvakasikwa, zviri yakavharwa uye akazvimirira.

abiotic zvinhu

Natural uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. wakasiyana yekudyidzana zvakadzama ukama uye kudyidzana. Mumba dziva, ivo dzinotungamirirwa murume. Conventionally, uye mumba dziva zvose zvipenyu dzinonzi akwariyamu biocoenosis. Anogara mairi imwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche, kutanga kupindirana kwezvinodzidziswa dzinogarisana. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka upenyu kuumba kwavari kwakavakirwa abiotic zvinhu - tembiricha yakakodzera, kuvheneka uye mvura sangano.

Temperature muoti kunobva akwariyamu vagere. Sezvo kunyange kusawirirana zviduku zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu mamwe marudzi hove, Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa Heaters pamwe pakuvara thermostat.

chiedza muoti anodiwa dzose kushanda yenhengo vose akwariyamu kwezvakatipoteredza. zvinyorwa Light anowanzoshandurwa akaiswa pamusoro mvura pamusoro. Kureba chemasikati vanofanira kuwirirana photoperiod vagere zvavo dzinongoitika nderemagariro.

Zvakasikwa, akamira mvura yakawanda Mobile nemhaka yokuwana kunaya, mhepo nezvimwewo nenyonganiso. Muna akwariyamu kunoda kuramba makopi mvura. It zvinoitwa aeration kana akatsvaira mvura kubudikidza firita.

The Kugara riparadzirwe mvura inopa wehunyambiri majana ari akwariyamu. Rinotaurawo aligns ari acidity, kunotadzisa akurumidze vasanyanye redox zvinogona pakudzika akaturikidzana.

Organic uye inorganic yeimwe

Mvura, okisijeni, carbon dioxide, amino acids, senitrogen uye phosphate munyu, humic asidhi - zvinhu Organic kana inorganic remubatanidzwa izvo vo abiotic dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Vazhinji vavo iri zvinenge pachavo akwariyamu uye sediments.

Speed date kuchinjirwa zvinovaka muviri muimba aqueous mhinduro inopiwa kubva oparesheni uye kubereka decomposers mararamiro. Organic senitrogen yavaive kushandisa utachiona, achiishandura vave nyore zvinhu zvakafanira kuti kuitwa miti. Organic yeimwe zvakaitika kupinda chicherwa (inorganic) Uyewo kuumba nokuda mhando dzakasiyana utachiona.
azvaiitwa kukosha kuvimba tembiricha mvura muoti chokukomborerwa acidity kwayo, okisijeni saturation. Ivo waidzora chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo mararamiro.

Kana ukaronga namahwindo mararamiro ari akwariyamu zvinokosha kuziva kuti negashiro mairi ndiye vagadzirira, asi haisi zvizere pakati nepakati, sezvo marudzi akawanda inokosha utachiona vari kudzikamiswa mukati mavhiki maviri.

Mararamiro kushinga uye kuchovha kwenyaya iri akwariyamu

Vagere akwariyamu havagoni kupa yakazara kutenderera zvinhu. Rinozivisa pachena wedunhu pakati vatengi uye vaburitsi. Izvi akwanise pedyo namahwindo akwariyamu mararamiro. Kuti shrimp, dzemugungwa, crustaceans (consuments) kudya miriwo (vaburitsi), asi hapana munhu ari dzinofambiswa nokuda vatengi pachavo. The cheni iri akambomiswa. Panguva iyoyowo, imwe pachiremera nerubatsiro hove - bloodworms uye zvimwe zvokudya - vakatsigira artificially nemunhu.

Itai zvinhu nokuti kwerunyararo runodiwa nhamba iri akwariyamu daphnia uye cyclops zvokudya hove zvakaoma. Sezvo izvi crustaceans duku, akavapindurawo, vanodawo chikafu. Life nyore kunobva pamberi Organic zvinhu zviri akwariyamu. Uwandu ciliates vanofanira pakuwanda dzemugungwa, yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, inofanira iri hombe imwe maererano hove. Akadaro zvakanakanaka romugove cheni zvakaoma kubudirira mune spatial ezvinhu akadaro, zvakadai somunhu namahwindo tangi. Mararamiro hazvishandi kubatsira yokutsigira quantitative zviratidzi kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu pane dzimwe nhanho.

Dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu mhando dzose nepakati ukama nevamwe mhuka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachako niche yayo, kuona ukama pakati mhuka. The kukura pazvikara uye chakaurawa mararamiro ndekwokuda akadzikama kukura. Chiyero kwakadaro hakuna kubudirira zvakadaro muchisungwazve nzvimbo yakaita tangi. Chakagadzirwa mararamiro kunoda ruzivo vakasarudzwa vaigaramo. The zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche nehove, zvinomera anoenderana, asi kwete bindepinde mumwe nomumwe. Vari vakasarudzwa kuitira kuti zvavanoda zvinokosha uye vanonzi "Profession" (vatengi, vaburitsi vaparadzi) hatina kumbova pakukuvadza vamwe.

Nepakati pakusarudza vagere zvavo "nyanzvi" iri muenzaniso pakunzi ari akwariyamu mararamiro vachishoropodza wacho utano kwenguva refu.

"Address" vagari akwariyamu

Locality mune gungwa nomumwe kwemarudzi anewo wandei rinokosha. All vanofanira kuwana pokugara. Haugoni oversaturate akwariyamu, kwete zvinoshatisa mamwe marudzi. Saka, akayangarara zvinomera, kukura, kukura bindepinde chiedza pasi algae, kushaya dzinochengeterwa nechepasi uye nzvimbo nokuda benthic mhando hove kunotungamirira Kusanzwisisana uye norufu rwousina mhuka kurukutika.

Zvinokoshawo kuti tiyeuke kuti miti yose uye mhuka dzichichinja, izvo, naizvozvo, vasakanganise nharaunda dzavo. Zvakakodzera kuongorora maitiro hove, kwete kuti overfeed kwavari, ndinovachengeta zvinomera, akavacheka akaora dzoga, kuongorora kuchena ivhu.

Kuti tichengetedze kutsiga mararamiro ari akwariyamu inodikanwa chero kuedza kupindira vanofunga - anoita zvakanyatsoenzana ichi kukuvara.