"Morris honye": nhoroondo kwaita utachiwana, nheyo chiito uye dzinonakidza zvinhu

America akanetseka kana yechipiri muna November 1988 kusvika vose makombiyuta vaiva Indaneti (mu America), anenge masere o'clock mangwanani, sezvo vachiti, "chavasina." Chokutanga, zviri zvakabatanidzwa atadze kushanda zvakanaka simba hurongwa. Asi zvino, kana paiva idenda anokonzerwa "Morris honye", zvakava pachena kuti zviteshi vakarwiswa isingazivikanwi panguva yepurogiramu yacho ine bumbiro kuti havakwanisi mari iripo decoding. Hazvishamisi! Nepo makombiyuta paIndaneti, kuverengwa chete makumi ezviuru (dzinenge 65,000 zviteshi) uye vakawanda vakanga anomirirwa muhurumende madenderedzwa kana hurumende.

Virus "Morris honye": chii?

Hutachiwana kwakadai kwakanga rokutanga rwayo. Ndiye akazova tateguru dzimwe purogiramu zvose izvi mhando, izvo nhasi zvakasiyana muvambi chakasimba zvakakwana.

Robert Morris "honye" dzavo kusikwa, kwete kunyange vachiziva chii mukurumbira achaita kuhwina uye worudzii kukuvara aigona kuti upfumi. Kazhinji, sezvazvakanyorwa vakatenda zvakanga, sezvo vachiti, evasingatombonamati zvemitambo kufarira. Asi chokwadi yebhuku iyoyo yose APRANET pomumbure icho, sezvinei, vave kwakabatana, uye hurumende uye masangano nemauto, zvakonzera ndisingafungiri yakadai iyo America vakakoniwa kumutsiridzika kwenguva refu. Maererano rokutanga vanofungidzira utachiona kombiyuta "Morris honye" kwakakanganisa vamwe US $ miriyoni 96.5 (uye ndicho chete mari, zvakazivikanwa kubvira pamutemo zvinyorwa). The zvakawanda pamusoro apa, zviri pamutemo. Uye kuti haana zvawanikwa, zvichida, uye kwete pasi kuburitsa.

The musiki utachiona kombiyuta "Morris honye" Robert Morris: mashoma chokwadi kubva Biography

Pakarepo mubvunzo unomuka kuti ndiani aiva shasha ichi programmer, uyo vakakwanisa kwemazuva mashomanana kuti remadza yekombiyuta of North America kondinendi.

Chete upenyu hunokosha "Wikipedia" anoratidza kuti panguva iyoyo, Robert aiva kudzidza mudzidzi pa Cornell University, R. T. Morrisa (mukana kana masanga?), Panguva rorusununguko Computer Engineering.

Nhoroondo zvakasikwa uye chidzoke kweutachiwana

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakutanga muna utachiona haana ane chero ngozi. Fred Cohen akadzidza "Morris honye" pahwaro Masvomhu ake nokupopota Codes vakawana inonakidza rutivi. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti ichi hachisi chirongwa kwakaipa.

"Morris honye" (kunyange nhasi iri kuonekwa utachiona chete pakunamata pakati nePentagon) pachakatanga akasikwa senzira yokuedzwa pahwaro "intranet" hurongwa kubatsirwa (hazvishamisi kuti aitambura APRANET vanoshandisa kutanga).

Sezvo utachiwana kunokanganisa yekombiyuta

Sam Robert Morris (utachiona vanyori) munzira dzose kuedza kure waibva nemigumisiro zvinokonzerwa ake "brainchild" wokuUnited States, vachiti nemambure kupararira kwakamutsa chikanganiso iri bumbiro purogiramu. Yandakapiwa dzidzo akagamuchira kuyunivhesiti, kunyanya mune rorusununguko Computer Science, izvi zvakaoma kubvuma.

Saka, vanonzi "Morris honye" akanga pakutanga nezvezvaiitwawo kuvhura kukurukurirana pakati masangano makuru (kusanganisira hurumende uye nemauto). The Chaizvoizvo yakanga kuitira kwechirwere, kutsiva epakutanga chetsamba akatumira ipapo APRANET network, achibvisa headers uye debug muoti kana Sendmail buffer nokupararira fingerd-Network basa. Chikamu chetsamba yokutanga ine bumbiro remitemo idzva, rakanyorwa pamusoro kure chinouraya, uye chetatu yaiumbwa chete binary code, asi dzakashandisa zvakasiyana makombiyuta.

Uyezve, rave richishandiswa unokosha chishandiso kunoita kusarudza User mazita uye mavara echivande pachishandiswa kure kuwana chirongwa kuuraya (rexec), uyewo kure goko (rsh) kufona, iri murayiro pamwero anoshandiswa vanonzi "ruvimbo mashandiro" (zvino kupfuura nevakawanda nechokuita certificate).

velocity kuti kupararira

Sezvo zvinoitika, utachiona musiki akanga asiri benzi. Akabva aziva kuti Kureba code, Kureba utachiwana kutaurwa kupinda hurongwa. Ndokusaka chinozivikanwa 'honye Morris "chine usingashandi binary (asi akaanyora) kutevedzana.

Nokuda kwaizvozvo, uye paiva chete tiguu, iyo zvino pachiyero ehurumende utikitivha nokuda kwechikonzero akasarudza kuramba akanyarara, kunyange zvazvo kutyisidzira panguva kopi pachayo rakapararira anenge exponentially (kopi dzose utachiona akakwanisa kusika maviri kana kupfuura dzavo vezera).

dhemeji

Hakuna Zvisinei, haafungi kuti chii kukuvara kunogona kukonzerwa chete kuchengeteka hurongwa. Pano dambudziko, asi, ndiko pacharwo Utachiona kombiyuta "Morris honye". Chokwadi ndechokuti pakutanga kupinda kweutachiwana kuti aishandisa chinouraya aifanira kuona kuti hurongwa rine kopi. Kana, utachiona akasiya motokari oga. Zvikasadaro - kuzozivisa mugadziriro uye akasika clone zvese kushandisa uye kushandisa. Izvi ndozvakaitika yose uchishandisa maitiro seboka, uye akaisa tsika zvirongwa uye mafomu kana applets.

Pamutemo mufananidzo, yainzi US Department (anenge mamiriyoni 96-98 emadhora zvemadhenari kukuvara) pamusoro, ari kurerutswa zvakajeka. Kana ukatarira chete panguva mazuva matatu okutanga, yave pakati sezvakarayirwa 94,6 miriyoni). Over pamazuva anotevera, mari haana akakura kwazvo, asi vanhuwo vanoshandisa sei (ndiyo yepamutemo wokudhinda uye US Department of runyararo). Chokwadi, apo nhamba makombiyuta chokuita yose padandemutande, akanga vanenge 65,000 iri US, asiwo nokuti vakatambudzika anenge ose chirwere wechina.

migumisiro

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti musimboti matambudziko ari kuitira kuti chose kunyima kuita hurongwa pachiyero Resource rinodyiwa. Mostly rinoreva Network kubatana.

Hutachiwana nyore nyaya, nokusika makopi dzavo uye parura kushanda pezvakaitwa vanozvishandura kuva nehurongwa mabasa (zvino kunyange vachimhanya sezvo mutariri pakuitika mazita "Task Manager"). Uye kubvisa ngozi hazvibviri nguva dzose pazvinhu izvi. Naizvozvo, panguva pakupera kwemasayendisiti chokuita maitiro uye inodzidzisa, tinofanira kuita nokungwarira zvikuru.

A Morris?

"Morris honye" uye ayo musiki panguva vanonzwa kwazvo. Utachiona akanga vakabudirira oga zvinoitwa chete antivirus makambani nekuti kunobva code, zvakanyorwa uye applet.

Morris muna 2008, vakazivisa kubudiswa mutauro Arc kwakavakirwa "Miromo", uye muna 2010 akanga nominated nokuda anaro uye zita Weiser Award.

Zviya, mumwe dzinonakidza ndechokuti yavose muchuchisi Mark Rasch akawana kuti utachiwana akanga akaremara makombiyuta akawanda uchiitema munhu shutdown, asi haana kukonzera Mazvokuda mashoko vanoshandisa chero pamwero kukuvara, nekuti pakutanga wakange asina mapurogiramu dzinoparadza, uye kuedza iratidzwe mukana kukanganiswa munyaya dzomunyika maumbirwo zviripo hurongwa. Tichienzanisa chii akatanga imwe chibharo (uyo nokuzvidira mapfumo kuzviremera), akatyisidzirwa nokuiswa mujeri kusvikira makore mashanu uye faindi 250 zviuru zvamadhora, iye akapukunyuka nemakore matatu ekuedzwa, yakanaka zviuru 10 zvamadhora uye maawa 400 munharaunda basa. How magweta akawanda vakafunga kuti (nenzira, uye ino) nguva yava maturo.

akawanda zvaitika

Chokwadi, nhasi kutya kutyisidzira kwakadaro, riri tanga nucleation zvokushandisa kombiyuta zvaimiririra "Morris utachiona" Chokwadi, hakusi zvakakodzera.

Asi chii unofadza. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti matambudziko nokupopota remitemo inozviisa zvikurukuru Windows. Zvino pakarepo zvinoitika kuti muviri utachiona pakutanga akagadzirirwa Unix anotsanangura hurongwa. Zvinorevei izvi? Hongu, chaizvo chii varidzi Linux uye Mac Os, iyo unopfuura inobva Unix papuratifomu, ndiyo nguva yekugadzirira mishonga (kunyange iri vaidavira kuti mavhairasi izvi kushanda hurongwa haana kukanganiswa zvachose, pakuti havana kunyorwa). Izvi apo vanoshandisa zhinji "poppies" uye "Linux vanoshandisa" zvikuru ndakanganisa.

Sezvo zvinoitika, kunyange pamusoro Mobile mano achimhanya iOS zvimwe kutyisidzira (kusanganisira "Morris honye") akatanga kuti vazvitambudze. Chokutanga, hazvina vanoshambadza, uye ipapo - software pamusingadi, uye ipapo ... - mugadziriro kuputsika. Pano involuntarily uye akafunga. Asi panguva kwakatangira zvose vakamira kudzidza mudzidzi, akakanganisa yazvo chirongwa-tester, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke chii dzinonzi kombiyuta nehonye nhasi. Uye vanozivikanwa, uye nhungamiro yokuwana anoverengeka nehurongwa siyana.

Tingati nemavhairasi dzakadaro spyware (spyware), izvo kwete chete monica ezvinhu asiwo kuwedzera mavara echivande ose chakabiwa kuwana nzvimbo, logins, PIN-Codes ose Mabhuku nemakadhi okubhengi, uye Mwari anoziva kuti, sebhanditiwo User anogona kunyange kufembera. Kazhinji, matambudziko utachiona ichi uye vamwe saiye Panguva iyi kukura zvigadzirwa kombiyuta hwakazara zvikuru migumisiro, kunyange kupfuura ano nzira yokudzivirira. Uye pamusoro kombiyuta nehonye vanofanira kuva vakasvinurira.

Ndizvo kudaro kunakidza uye kujairika nyaya kuti haungakanganikwi kwenguva refu. Interesting uye ngozi imi akarembera ari pomumbure - pasina kuba data, overloading kuti maitiro uye chero spyware se "Morris honye"!