The yokuita zvakafanana munyu. Chemical payakavakirwa: munyu. Properties munyu

Yavaibvisa chloride - yavaibvisa chloride rinoshandiswa sechinhu chirungiso nezvokudya, zvokudya zvisaora. It rinoshandiswawo makemikari bhizimisi, mushonga. It anoshumira inokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa yavaibvisa hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, yavaibvisa uye zvimwe zvinhu. Yavaibvisa munyu payakavakirwa - NaCl.

Ionic chisungo inotungamirwa pakati yavaibvisa uye kuiisa chlorine

Makemikari anoumba kunoratidza yavaibvisa chloride zvimiso payakavakirwa NaCl, zvinopa pfungwa zvakaenzana kwazvo yavaibvisa uye kuiisa chlorine maatomu. Asi fuma haisi inoumbwa diatomic mamorekuru, uye yakaumbwa crystals. In zvakaitwa alkali simbi ine simba yavaibvisa nonmetal atomu anopa mumwe Valence Erekitironi yakawanda electronegative kuiisa chlorine. Simukai yavaibvisa Na ⁺ cations uye anions zveefa iine acid vakasara hydrochloric asidhi Cl ^-. Oppositely mhosva nezvimedu vade mumwe, pova zvinhu ane Ionic crystalline napamahwindo. Small yavaibvisa cations iri pakati huru anions ose kuiisa chlorine. Kuwanda zvakanaka zvacho zvinosanganisira yavaibvisa chloride zvakaenzana nokuwanda akaipa, nefuma kazhinji kwazvakarerekera.

Chemical fomura. Salt uye halite

Munyu - kunzwisisa zvinhu zviri Ionic mamiriro mazita anotanga pano acidic vakasara. Yavaibvisa munyu payakavakirwa - NaCl. Vanodzidza ane zvicherwa sezvamunoita akadaro aizivikanwa se "halite", uye sedimentary dombo - "dombo munyu". Deprecated makemikari izwi kuti rinowanzoshandiswa pakuburitswa - "yavaibvisa chloride". fuma iyi inozivikanwa nevanhu kubvira kare, kana zvaionekwa "goridhe chena". vadzidzi chikoro Current uye vadzidzi kuverenga equations siyana chokuita yavaibvisa chloride inonzi namakemikari mavanga ( "yavaibvisa kuiisa chlorine").

Yatinoteerera nyore Masvomhu uchishandisa nzira zvinhu:

1) Mr (NaCl) = Ar (Na) + Ar (Cl) = 22,99 + 35,45 = 58,44.

Hama samolecular guru kuti 58.44 (sezvo amu).

2) samolecular uremu dziwande akaenzana matadza guru, asi ichi uwandu ane zviumbu g / mol M (NaCl) = 58,44 g / nhuta.

3) A nzwisa 100 g munyu ine 60,663 g kuiisa chlorine maatomu uye 39,337 g yavaibvisa.

ehupfumi Physical munyu

Kuputsika crystals ose halite - Hauoneki kana chena. Zvakasikwa, munewo deposits nedombo munyu, kupendwa mu wachena, yellow kana zvitema. Dzimwe zvicherwa fuma ine dzvuku mumvuri nokuda nhamba uye mhando nouipi. Halite pokuoma pamusoro Mohs chikero chete 2-2.5, girazi mashizha pamusoro pechiso mutsetse.

Other parameters zvokunyama yavaibvisa chloride:

• munhuhwi - vasipo;
• Inonaka - vava;
• Density - 2,165 g / masendimita 3 (20 ° C);
• Utsotso pfungwa - 801 ° C;
• Achibika pfungwa - 1413 ° C;
• solubility mumvura - 359 g / L (25 ° C);

Kugadzirira yavaibvisa chloride murabhoritari

By zvokuverengera yavaibvisa simbi kuiisa chlorine gasi ari chubhu achiumbwa pamusoro chena fuma - yavaibvisa chloride NaCl (Formula munyu).

Chemistry anopa pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana pezvakaitwa kuti vachigadzirira chete akakura. Heino mimwe mienzaniso:

Neutralizing zvakaitwa: NaOH (. Aq) + HCl = NaCl + H ₂ O.

The redox maitiro pakati simbi uye asidhi:

2Na + 2HCl = 2NaCl + _H2O.

Zvakaitwa asidhi pamusoro simbi oxide: (. Aq) Na ₂ O + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H ₂ O

Musha weimwe simba asidhi kubva munyu ayo mhinduro kusimba:

Na ₂ CO ₃ + 2HCl (aq.) = 2NaCl + H ₂ Haiwa + CO ₂ (gasi).

Nokuti kushandiswa pamusoro muindasitiri scale, nzira dzose idzi yakawandisa uye kunzwisisa.

Gadzira yomunyu

Sezvo mambakwedza yebudiriro, vanhu vanoziva kuti pashure salting nyama uye hove zvakachengetwa yakareba. Transparent, aigara akaumbwa crystals halite dzaishandiswa mune dzimwe nyika pane mari yekare, uye aiva ayo uremu goridhe. Search uye kugadzira deposits ose halite akabvumira kusangana zvaidiwa vemo uye indasitiri. Chinonyanya kukosha dzinongoitika manyuko munyu:

• halite chicherwa deposits munyika dzakasiyana-siyana;
• mvura mumakungwa, makungwa uye munyu madhamu;
• interlayer svuura uye dombo munyu pamhenderekedzo mvura munyu;
• halite crystals pamasvingo kuputika craters;
• munyu marshes.

In indasitiri, pane ina nzira huru kuwana yavaibvisa munyu:

• leaching pamusoro pevhu halite layer kwemvura pakati Pamusana brine;
• kuchera mumigodhi munyu;
• Kusimuka kwemvura kwemvura gungwa kana brine yomunyu madhamu (77% kurema akaoma Zvakasara nhoroondo kuti yavaibvisa chloride);
• Shandisa byproduct pamusoro desalination kwemvura munyu.

Makemikari ehupfumi kuti yavaibvisa chloride

sezvamunoita Its NaCl - ndiwo avhareji munyu akaumbwa alkali uye iine acid soluble. Yavaibvisa chloride - electrolyte simba. Kukwezvana pakati ions kunyange yakakwirira kuti rinogona kuparadza chete zvakasimba polar zvokufembedzwa. In mvura, Ion sekiristaro yekamuri fuma uchiora wakadarikwa cations uye anions (Na ^+, Cl ^-). Kuvapo kwavo nokuda conductivity, ine yavaibvisa chloride mhinduro. The yemaitiro iyi nyaya zvakanyorwa uyewo kuti aiyanika nyaya - NaCl. Imwe Qualitative siyana pavakanzwa yavaibvisa nokuo- nga - yellowing burner womoto. Nokuti experimental mugumisiro anofanira dhayira mambure waya loop shoma zvikukutu munyu uye kuwedzera pakati chikamu womoto. Properties munyu anion kunewo chokuita kuchiitwa randinogara mune Qualitative mukupindura chloride Ion. By maitiro nesirivha nitrate iri mhinduro chena precipitate yesirivha chloride (mufananidzo). Rehydrogen chloride munyu misha kubva acids akasimba kupfuura hydrochloric: 2NaCl + H ₂ SO ₄ = Na ₂ SO ₄ + 2HCl. Under zvavo mamiriro ezvinhu yavaibvisa chloride asingadi achiona hydrolysis.

Minda kushandiswa padombo munyu

yavaibvisa chloride akazoita utsotso pfungwa chando, saka yechando mumigwagwa uye menzira musanganiswa munyu uye jecha. It absorbs yakawanda nouipi panguva utsotso kusvibisa nzizi nehova. Road munyu Inowedzera kuti ngura gadziriro motokari mitumbi kuparadza miti wakasimwa pedyo nemigwagwa. In makemikari indasitiri, yavaibvisa chloride rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi acho hombe boka makemikari:

• hydrochloric asidhi;
• esimbi yavaibvisa;
• gaseous kuiisa chlorine;
• Caustic mushaba nezvimwe yeimwe.

Uyezve, munyu rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi Sipo, madhayi. Sezvo zvokudya zvisaora inoshandiswa canning, pickling howa, hove uye miriwo. Kurwisa zvirwere zviri thyroid shwanu iri vanhu vakaderera munyu payakavakirwa kunowedzerwa nokuwedzera yakachengeteka ayodhini yeimwe Somuenzaniso, KIO _3, Madz, Nai. yokuvirisa kwakadaro inotsigira thyroid kemikari kugadzirwa, kudzivirira chirwere endemic goiter.

Meaning of yavaibvisa chloride kuti muviri womunhu

The yemaitiro patafura munyu, ayo akafanana awana kukosha kuti utano hwevanhu. Yavaibvisa ions zvinobatanidzwa nokupfuuridzirwa etsinga nomunhu. The anions pamusoro kuiisa chlorine vaifanira kubereka hydrochloric asidhi mudumbu. Asi kukwirira zviri munyu iri kudya kungaita kuti cheBP uye mikana kuti mwoyo uye vascular zvirwere. In mushonga, nokuti ropa huru kurasikirwa varwere raitongwa pamwe vasiri sesaline. Kuti vawane mumwe chete fő pamusoro kwakadonhera mvura dzakanga ichiputswa 9 g yavaibvisa chloride. Muviri unoda kuramba nerubatsiro chete zvokudya. Hwakaratidzwa kuburikidza munyu zindoga uye ganda nenyere. Avhareji zviri yavaibvisa chloride mumuviri womunhu anenge 200 g pa zuva vokuEurope uchapedza vanenge 2-6 magiramu zviri yavaibvisa chloride, nekufara nyika mufananidzo pamusoro nezvichaitika refu ziya.