Non-Kamudzira organelles masero: mifananidzo, mamiriro, shanda

Animal masero, zvinomera uye hunokuvadza ine chikuru zvikamu zvitatu: plasma Kamudzira, neerekitironi cytoplasm. Utachiona akasiyana navo nokuti haana kuva musimboti, asi ivo vane Kamudzira uye cytoplasm.

ari cytoplasm sei?

Ichi chinhu womukati chikamu sero iro rinogona kusiyaniswa hyaloplasm (mvura svikiro), pamusoro uye organelles (organelle). Inclusions - asiri kugara inotungamirwa muchitokisi, iro rinonyanya anomiririra mumate kana crystals yokutsiva muviri. Organelles - zvachose mamiriro. Sezvo muviri huru dzichipfekeka dzakabatana ndivo miviri, saka ari keji ose makuru mabasa anoitwa organelles.

Kamudzira uye non-Kamudzira organelles nemasero

Chokutanga akakamurwa odnomembrannye uye dvumembrannye. Chete okupedzisira maviri - zviri mitochondria uye chloroplasts. By odnomembrannym zvinosanganisira lysosomes, Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. About dzisiri Kamudzira organelles, tichataura muudzame munyaya ino.

Non-Kamudzira organelles muchitokisi mamiriro

Izvi zvinosanganisira ribosomes, sero centre uye cytoskeleton vakaumba microtubules uye microfilaments. Uyewo boka iri zvaigona kunzi organelles sangano namadhimoni zvinenge kuroorwa-celled, uyewo vanhurume masero yemhuka. Ngatimboonai sezvakarayirwa asiri Kamudzira organelles pamusoro masero, mamiriro avo uye ushande.

Chii chinonzi ribosome?

Izvi non-Kamudzira organelles masero, iyo ine ribonucleoproteins. mamiriro avo rinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri (subunits). Mumwe wavo diki chete - huru. Panguva yokuzorora, ivo vakaparadzana. Vari zvakabatanidzwa apo ribosome anotanga kushanda.

Meet asiri Kamudzira organelles masero kuti mapuroteni usage. Kureva, nokuti shanduro muitiro - kubatana amino acids ari polypeptide cheni mune imwe kuti, mashoko uko vakakopa DNA kuna mRNA uye zvakanyorwa.

Size ribosomes ndiyo nanometers makumi maviri. Kuwanda organelles izvi mukati sero ungasvika kusvika zvakawanda makumi ezviuru zvidimbu.

In eukaryotes, ribosomes vari hyaloplasm, uye pamusoro penyika ine endoplasmic reticulum. Ndivo varipowo pane dvumembrannyh organelles: yacho mitochondria uye chloroplasts.

cytocentrum

organelle iri rinoumbwa centrosome, iyo akapoteredzwa tsentrosferoy. Centrosome zvinosanganisira centrioles maviri - chinhu mukati humburumbira anoumbwa microtubules. Tsentrosfera vanosanganisira pakukoka kubva pakati radially cellular microtubules. Uyewo rinoumbwa zvenguva filaments uye microfibrils.

Cell centre anoita mabasa akadai paumbwe mitotic chokurukisa. Ndiyewo Nhongonya sangano microtubules.

Maererano makemikari maumbirwo organelle ichi, zvinokosha zvacho chinhu puroteni tubulin.

organelle ichi riri mune geometric nechepakati muchitokisi, saka ane zita iri.

Microfilaments uye microtubules

Wokutanga ndiwo filament mapuroteni actin. dhayamita kwavo 6 nm.

The dhayamita ndiyo 24 nanometer microtubules. masvingo dzavo Makavakwa mapuroteni tubulin.

Vasiri Kamudzira sero organelles vanoumba cytoskeleton, izvo zvinobatsira kuti tirambe tichishanda chimiro.

Chimwe microtubule basa - chokufambisa, nokuti unogona kufamba organelles uye zvinhu muchitokisi.

organelles rwokufamba

Ivo vari marudzi maviri: cilia uye flagella.

Wokutanga kuva zvinenge chete-celled akadai ciliates shangu.

Flagella vane Chlamydomonas, uyewo mune dzisingaoneki mhuka.

Movement pamusoro organelles ine contractile mapurotini.

mhedziso

Somunhu mhedziso muchidimbu.

Saka isu akatarira vose vasiri Kamudzira organelles zvinomera, mhuka, notumwe uye utachiona, avo marongerwo uye ushande.