The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda: mhuka uye zvinomera

Zvinosuruvarisa basa kwevanhu panyika zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti mhando dzakawanda mhuka uye zvinomera kuti mairi, vane kana akanyangarika kana dziri kuda kutsakatika. The chete howa ane vakawanda riri kukura gore negore - ndiro murume pachake.

Nhasi muRussia kune bhuku dzvuku panguva yeUnited, kwematunhu uye mamiriro pamwero, umo akanyorwa nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda (ona mufananidzo. Below) rine mazita nemhuka uye zvinomera, izvo munhu anofanira kuchengetedzwa.

The Red bhuku

Kudiwa Gwaro yakadaro razova wakakura zvikuru mumakore 90 remakore rechi20. The kwemaindasitiri nyika ikameresa kunaka mibairo pakuguma remakore sezvo kunyangarika yose marudzi. The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda dziri mhuka uye zvirimwa kubatsirwa kwevanhu. Nekuti vamwe vavo zviri nhau youpenyu norufu.

Zvose zvakasikwa zvine kuchengetedzwa vanokamurwa muzvikamu:

• Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira zvipenyu kuti kubviswa zvachose kana musingadi kutora matanho akakodzera kuti avaponese;
• yechipiri boka - zvipenyu vane nhamba vari kukurumidza kuchembera, uye vanogona chero nguva kupinda muchikwata che mungozi;
• ari muboka wechitatu - vamiririri kasvisto uye fauna of kashoma kuwana;
• boka rechina unosanganisira zvinhu kuti havana ruzivo kunzwisisa, uye nhamba wechokwadi vavo hapana ruzivo.

The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda iri kunyanya rinoumbwa vamiririri muchikwata wechipiri, kunyange pane mhuka inogona kunzi akapotsa anyangarika kunzvimbo idzi.

Siberian salamander

Kusangana kuti newt munharaunda iri kuramba yakaoma mhando iyi. Zvinoshamisa kuti kakasaririra ichi of Ice Age, urwo rwakatora zvemakore, ikozvino vatarisana yokupona. With kukwanisa kwayo vapone frosts anorova shoma. Somuenzaniso, anowanikwa permafrost pakati kuSiberia salamander, mushure chando chakambopfavisa, umo anowanikwa, akauya upenyu uye akatanga kutsvaka kunobva zvokudya. Zera chiitiko ichi chaiva nemakore 90, akawanda aakararama vachingotya akarembedzwa kuchangamuka.

Idya mhando iyi newts mollusks, earthworms, crustaceans uye siyana zvipembenene mazana. Kutsakatika kwavo nharaunda Arkhangelsk chinogona chokuita nokuparadzwa kwavo rwokuzvarwa dzinogarisana uye nokuda kwavo dzose zvokudya. Kunenge kuti kakasaririra kukwanisa kukurumidza kuchinja kukurumidza kuchinja mamiriro.

The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda angangotadza kumubatsira, kana iye hariregi kupindira chaiwo mararamiro ari nharaunda.

shavishavi Mnemosyne

Tupukanana Izvi rombo rakaipa kwazvo. makonye Its zvokudya bedzi pane imwe mhando miti (Corydalis) uye, kana anonyangarika, shavishavi Mnemosyne anongoti runyangarike mudunhu. zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga zvose mhuka Red Book of Arkhangelsk mudunhu chokuita pangozi zvinomera, izvo kamwe zvakare zvinoratidza kuti zvakasikwa hapana basa zvinhu.

Mnemosyne - svikiro kadikidiki shavishavi chena kana yellowish ruvara pamwe mavara maviri dema panguva dzokunze micheto wamapapiro. Nokubika kwayo Makwara - muti Corydalis, apo inosiya mazai ayo. Butterfly ndiye usiku, vachisarudza havo kuvanda masikati vari rainforest.

Iye akapinda Red Book mune zvose kumatunhu Russia, apo panogara. Nokuda kwemiti uye, sezvo zvakaguma kunyangarika chirimwa vaifanira zvokudya semhashu, izvozvo nokukurumidza havagoni kuva munyika. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, unofanira kuziva hwevanhu apo, uye kudzivirira avo nzvimbo dondo kubva kutema.

bowhead Whale

Mhuka dziri muna Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda zvinosanganisira mhuka iyi. Mugari mvura polar zvinoreva suborder mukanwa hove huru.

mhuka iyi haisi dorsal zenze, asi chose kutsiva divi uye simba muswe. Avarume hove zvasvika munhu kureba 21 metres, vakadzi -. 18 M iri kuvhimwa iye kwese unorambidzwa Whaling Commission, asi ndechokuti havafaniri kuuraya, hazvirevi kuti akachengeteka.

Nhasi, rufu hove huru kazhinji chokuita utava hove yavanofanira vanobatwa, uye vasingakwanisi kumuka pemvura kuti mweya, zvokutanga singi.

Ndicho ari bowhead shato huru anokwanisa kuita zvakanaka kusvetuka kubva mumvura, zvichiteverwa kuwa kurutivi, saka kuti vanhu vanoyemura.

To chikafu, anofanira kudya makirogiramu 2,000 pazuva crustaceans, hove mazana uye mollusks diki. Kana nokuda kusvibisa, nhamba zvichaita kuderera, naicho kuchatungamirira kufa hove huru. Saka, vari muboka yechipiri muna Red Book. Kugadzirisa dambudziko ravo yokupona inofanira kuva panguva dzakawanda vanochiva sezvo chokuita kusvibisa mvura tsvina mafuta uye zvimwe zvine chepfu.

walrus

Marine mhuka Red bhuku Arkhangelsk nharaunda, tsananguro izvo zvinogona kuwanika pamapeji aro, kunyange rwakaiswa achigara mvura yaro, kazhinji tama, saka kutevera kuchengeteka kwavo kunogona kuva kwakaoma.

Zvinosuruvarisa vanhu tsitsi kuparadzwa mhuka idzi dzakanaka uye anokudzwa nokuda tusks dzavo uye mafuta, asi ikozvino kuvhima pavo hakubvumidzwi. Walrus vakawanda ari kukura zvikuru zvishoma nezvishoma pane akanga risaparadzwe yavo. Pari, vane rookery pazvitsuwa zviri nenyanza yeLaptev, muGungwa chukchi, nemhenderekedzo Alaska uye Kamchatka.

mhuka idzi vanogara nemombe kunodiwa akanyatsorongwa uye weboka mabasa. Somuenzaniso, apo vose shiri kuenda kunorara pamhenderekedzo, iva nechokwadi kuti ndokumisa wachi. Kana ngozi, ivo emit hwamanda ichiridzwa, uye kumutswa nemombe pakarepo anongovangira kutiza mvura. Dzimwe nguva, afe vaduku vari apwanye, asi ichi ndicho kashoma kudaro, nokuti vanhukadzi kudzivirira miviri yavo kunyange kutyisidzirwa kuti upenyu hwake.

Red-throated dhaivha

The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda zvinosanganisira wayo mazita uye tumbuyu, uye nehove, uye shiri. Red-throated dhaivha - duku uye akanaka kwazvo shiri, saka zita nekuti yake mutsipa piriviri gwapa.

A shiri dzinotama anoda haana yegungwa sezvo dzimwe hama dzake, uye nzizi uye achinaya mvura wongoramba. It inobhururuka nokukurumidza chaizvo, zvichiita kuti kutwasuka bvisai zvakananga kubva mumvura uye pasi rinenge kuzvibatsira uye anofamba dambudziko, dzimwe nguva kukambaira, kubatsira achizvicheka flippers ake. In chaikosha yake, iye zvakadzama dives kuti dzitapwe, inova hove. Sezvo mamwe simba anogona kudya molluscs, crustaceans uye hwemvura nezvipembenene.

Nokuti Neminhenga uye pasi vanhu akaisa shiri mungozi kutsakatika. Nhasi, vanhu pamusoro Arkhangelsk nharaunda iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera, zvichida, mune dzimwe ramangwana foreseeable, zvichava kubviswa mazita pangozi.

White-tailed gondo uye yendarama gondo

Shiri dzakawanda hadziwanzowaniki mhando uye nharaunda yose nharaunda kudzivirirwa. The Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda iri chikamu "mhuka Rare" vaisanganisa shiri idzi:

• White-tailed Eagle: upenyu pedyo egungwa kana guru Freshwater miviri. zvikara dzakanaka izvi zvakakwana guru size: kureba - kusvika imwe mita uye mapapiro - 2 mamita. Muromo uye makumbo avo rakajeka tsvuku ruvara. Rinodya ainyanya gondo chena-tailed kana hove kuti anotora dzimwe waterfowl vavhimi. Kana "hove" rakakundikana, unogona kundorwa waterbirds.
• Berkut rinonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda, kunyange chikara ichi anogara mumakomo. Kuvhima mutambo duku iri rakasiyana zvachose saizi - kubva mbeva voles vaduku netsuro uye nondo. Nezvigadziko zvienderane mumakomo. It chakatanga kupera nokuda kuparadzwa varimi pakudzivirira huku dzavo, uye mishonga yezvipembenene zviri sprayed masango.

Rukodzi runonzi

Rukodzi runonzi Peregrine ndohwaJehovha mhuri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi ndicho uchitsanya chisikwa chipenyu panyika. Kukwanisa kuva akurumidze apo mitambo yomumvura ndege pamusoro 300 km / h. Panguva pakuvhima, akarova tsoka pechaabata yose kuwa nokukurumidza kuti kunyange musoro anogona kuputsa guru mutambo. Zvinonzi pangozi sezvo nokuda mishonga yezvipembenene kuti sprayed miti uye minda.

Sezvineiwo, Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda, mhuka uye zvirimwa izvo izhinji, uye avo Kuchengetedzwa haripi vimbiso, asi tinyatsoziva pangozi vanofanira kuva vagari vose nharaunda.

ichidzikira kasvisto

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mumwe kugadzirira nokuda Sero yayo mararamiro. Kana iwe kuiputsa kana kuparadza, neketani zvinogona kutanga musi imwe Domino Chaizvoizvo, apo kunyangarika rimwe ruva kuti kunotoreva rufu rudzi rezvipembenene kuti zvokudya pamusoro shiri.

Plants of Red Book of Arkhangelsk nharaunda ndiwo vatarisana kurarama, akadai:

• Lobelia dortmanna. bhero-zvakaumbwa ichi maruva rinokwanisa kucheneruka ndiyo chokukomborerwa kuchena muviri mvura, iyo inokura pedo. Kunenge chete pakusvibiswa Makungwa nenzizi yacho ndiye aikonzera Kutsakatika yake.
• Tetrahedral ruva anova kushoma nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi. Kazhinji, kana vanhu kuti kunatsa mvura ine makungwa nenzizi uye kumisa kusvibisa pamhenderekedzo, chisikigo pachacho aizodzosa runodiwa nepakati paro.
• Patapata Parizvino ndohwaJehovha mhuri orkideat uye anoda nyoro ivhu dondo Mafuro uye masango gomo. Kunyangarika nokuda kwepasi, izvo unoomesa kunze ivhu.

Izvi hazvisi mazita yose pangozi mhando zvinomera uye mhuka Arkhangelsk mudunhu. Kuti kuriverenga, unofanira kuwana kopi Red Book.