The nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa. Kunyanya pfupa mamiriro

Lab "nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa" inozivikanwa ose wechikoro. Munhu wose anoyeuka kuti zvakanga Vongai peculiarities ari cellular nemamiriro muviri ane tsime-kwakarongeka hurongwa zvomukati, kuona kufamba muviri muchadenga.

zvichireva locomotor

motokari ånd hurongwa ine mapfupa, tsandanyama nemarunda kuti batanidza navo. Izvi mashandiro rinobvumirana iro muviri kwakamubatsirawo zvomukati yekudyidzana anodzivirirwa zvokuimba kukuvadza, munhu wacho nhengo uye muviri wose anogona kufamba muchadenga. kunokosha zvakadini chikamu ichi? Movement - ndizvozvo upenyu. Zviri mumwe hunhu zvipenyu, pamwe kufema, kukura uye kubereka zvavo mhando. Utachiona vakawanda zvakabatanidzwa mararamiro. Somuenzaniso, anosima. Asi ivo vanoonekwa ne kukura kufamba akananga zuva.

Nokuti munhu nemuviri ichi chinokosha anotipa maumbirwo mapfupa.

osteocytes

The nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa chinomiririrwa masero ayo. Dzinonzi osteocytes. Vane fusiform kana nyeredzi-zvakaumbwa, hombe, kumativi neerekitironi. zita masero aya rakashandurwa rinoreva "mapfupa".

Mune cytoplasm pamusoro osteocytes shoma zvechigarire cellular hurongwa anonzi organelles. Kana tikatarisa pasi maikorosikopu, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa munhu pezvokuvamba mitochondria uye endoplasmic reticulum.

pfupa masero zvinokosha runoratidza. It iri chokwadi kuti akura kuumbwa muviri osteocytes vanorasikirwa kugona kwavo kugovera uye vatange muitiro kusakara uye kukwegura.

pfupa tishu

Marongerwo Zvinoumba pfupa romunhu nemamiriro nokuda pfupa tishu. Inoitwa nomunhu mahwendefa inoumbwa osteocytes, uye intercellular fuma. Bone rinenge riri rudzi connective. Its mamirire chinhu chiri yakawanda intercellular fuma, umo masero chete anotumirwa.

Just akaronga uye mapfupa. Its intercellular fuma inoumbwa fibers ose collagen uye zvicherwa, izvo zvivako mapuroteni hunhu.

Lab "nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa"

Funga pamusoro zvinyama mhando ichi pasi kumusoro magnification. Nemaziso, riri roga maumbirwo pfupa afanane nomumbure. chivakwa kwakadaro achiumbwa kuburikidza vakawanda matete outgrowths osteocytes, ivo interconnected. samambure Izvi zvinoita mapfupa simba. Nokuda kuvapo nokuda collagen fibers, ane contractile mapuroteni, mapfupa vanokwanisa compression uye kukakavadzana.

The nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa nechipi pazasi inoratidza kwazvo.

Makemikari anoumba mapfupa

25% of zvachose Zvinoumba nyaya ndiyo mvura. The chete ndivo murimo nokuti Organic zvinhu. Kumboda collagen ichi kwakavharwa nenyama mapuroteni ane fibrous marongerwo. Anopa mapfupa ari pfuma, akadai elasticity. Somuenzaniso, nemamiriro cortical mapfupa anobvumira kuti kukurira mumwe mutoro 1.5 matani. Zvicherwa dzinoturwa zvikurukuru phosphorus uye calcium yakawanda munyu. basa ravo kuitira pokuoma uye nesimba mapfupa. Zvinokosha zvikuru kudya izvi zvisaririra zvinhu panguva paumbwe mwana marangwanda. Karusiyamu-vapfumi nomukaka zvigadzirwa, bhinzi, makabheji, madomasi, zvakarungwa uye nezvikara Strawberry. Phosphorus rinowanikwa mhuka zvigadzirwa: nyama, mazai nehove.

dzinonakidza zvakaitika

The nemaziso maumbirwo pfupa ine maitiro ayo. Asi chii fuma iri kukosha kukura rejira ichi? Kuti tinzwisise izvi, unogona kupedza ruzivo.

Bone muhombodo ane aqueous mhinduro pamusoro hydrochloric acid. Somugumisiro, zvicherwa zvose zviri chikaparara. Bone zvokuti anonzwisisa kuti zviri nyore kuti inobatana ri. Asi zvino kungava muviri wedu haana hwaro uye rutsigiro.

Kana calcined pfupa riri pasi chaizvo kupisa, zvishoma nezvishoma izvozvo oxidizes zvose makemikari nyaya. Somugumisiro zvinyama kwakadaro angangova chiwondomoke.

Mumwe mhedziso: nerimwe boka zvinhu vasiyana mapfupa zvimwe zvivako, zvichiita jira ichi yakasiyana uye dzetsika dzemagariro dzemuviri.

kupatsanura mapfupa

Zvichienderana chimiro mapfupa mapoka akawanda. Long, uyewo kunzi tubular, vanoumba mhango mukati. Rakazara rinokosha fuma - yellow mwongo. Hazvina akapfuma nuna rinenge zvinogara mafupa, uye inoita basa rinokosha mune metabolic kwendangariro. mapfupa aya, akavonga STRUCTURAL features, nokubatanidza simba uye nenyama. Mienzaniso ndivo femur - wakarebesa bvupa muviri womunhu, brachial, TOUR, uye vamwe. Masvingo kuumbwa tsindirana mapfupa fuma kwakadaro. STRUCTURAL chikwata Its ndiye osteon, rinoumbwa unyanzvi mhou kwamahwendefa. Musoro mapfupa refu akaumbwa chirambe chakapfava fuma, zvacho icho tsvuku mwongo - rimwe ropa-Anoumba hurongwa muviri.

mapfupa pfupi ndivo vertebrae, chiningoningo, metatarsus. Uye mienzaniso yakafara - chipande uye chiuno. Vari akaumba vakawanda chirambe chakapfava fuma.

Zvisinei mamiriro, mapfupa mumwe akazadza pamusoro paiva connective zvinyama - periosteum.

Top-kupfuura

The nemamiriro cortical pfupa kunotema zita rekuti kupfuura Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye refu. Uye pano ndiyo nzeve mapfupa - stapes. Kureba idukusa 3.5 mm. Pfupa akasimba - shaya.

mapfupa kushamiswa kwavo uwandu. Fungidzira: norutsoka dzevanhu ine mapfupa 52. Zviri kusvika chimwe muzvina nhamba. An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti nhamba mapfupa shoma zera. Somuenzaniso, mwana achangoberekwa dzinenge 300, sezvo mukuru, nhamba iyi haawanzotauri inosvika 206. Izvi imhaka yokuti pamusoro nguva vamwe mapfupa, akadai dehenya fused pamwechete.

pfupa kukura

Murume anozvarwa aine marangwanda umo mamiriro iri hunodzorwa shwashwa. Kushandurwa yawo pfupa chinogara avhareji yemakore 20-24. Next mira kukura kwavo. Saka, kuita mitambo zhinji vanachiremba zano pazera duku kana marangwanda achiri zvikuru kwakavharwa nenyama. The nemaziso maumbirwo mapfupa inobvumira kuti vafunga, tichiregeredza chii zvinhu akaita kukura kwavo. Yomukati rukoko pamusoro periosteum zvinopa kuwedzera ukobvu. A kukura pakureba kunoitika nokuda fission shwashwa masero riri kumigumo mapfupa.

Marongerwo kubatana mapfupa

chikamu ose evanhu marangwanda anozadzika basa rayo. Naizvozvo, batanidza mapfupa nenzira dzakasiyana. A wakaiswa chokuita anonzi musono. Zviri chivako iyo miganhu mumwe mapfupa yaisanganisira mune mamwe rusesi. Nekuti mapfupa musoro marangwanda. Pakutanga, zvingaita kunyange sokuti dehenya chinosanganisira rimwe pfupa chikukutu. Saka Zvakanakisa ikoku. Uye ipapo hazvisi netsaona, asi maererano neMweya dzichipfekeka zvakafanira. The dehenya inodzivirira uropi zvokuimba kukuvara munguva tsaona. Uye mapfupa mumwe chete richibatanidza woisa. Zviri dzikisa shaya.

Usazviomesera kubatana mapfupa anonzi Joint. Zviri kuburikidza kwokubatana izvi uye pane kwebasa muviri uye nhengo dzayo. Ndezvipi zvinhu sechivako vagari mapfupa? Kunyanya, chokwadi kuti musoro ndiye chikamu kudzamisa mamwe. Pfungwa kunyorerana akafukidzwa hyaline shwashwa ane mvere penyika. mamiriro Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kukweshera panguva kufamba.

Zvimwe kudzivirira Munotatamura ndiyo vagari Kamudzira, izvo runopoteredza pamusoro kunze. Inside iri chaiyo mvura, izvo zvinoderedza kukweshera. By mekamudzira aka kane tsandanyama nemarunda, vatungamiriri zvakananga nayo munyika zvitange.

Mobile kubatana mapfupa akasiyana chinokosha. Ndiwo uwandu inofamba namasanhu. Somuenzaniso, ibvi vadyi chinhu hunyambiri-akabatana, uye rinobvumira hudyu sangano zvitatu mirayiridzo.

Zvikuru imwe Chimiro ndiyo muzongoza kwevanhu. mafupa ake vari chokuita nomumwe akaturikidzana kuti shwashwa. Ndiyo vadyi pakati pfupa Semi-uchifamba. The shwashwa rukoko vanokwanisa compression uye kukakavadzana. Vanopa mufambo wenyika chikamu chino marangwanda chete mukati zvimwe. Zvisinei, chivakwa yakadaro inopa kubata kuvhunduka absorb, cushioning ukapisa murwi panguva pakarepo achisvetukasvetuka uye kufamba.

Nemamiriro womunhu marangwanda

The marangwanda ari hwaro zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa chinosanganisira anoverengeka zvikamu. The marangwanda musoro kana dehenya, conventionally muzvikamu zviviri: uropi uye chiso. First munhu ane hukuru saizi, riri chokuita kukura uropi - nechepakati chikamu tsinga. mutumbi marangwanda anosanganisa musana uye rumbabvu keji, yakavimbika kudzivirira zvomukati pechipfuva mhango. Kuwanda vertebrae mumuviri womunhu akaenzana 33-34. Izvi 7 remuromo, thoracal 12, lumbar mashanu, shanu sacral fused pamwechete, 4-5 coccygeal. maviri okutanga vavo - Atlanta uye epistrophe - zvakabatana ne mapako, saka musoro anokwanisa kufamba. Nenzira, nhamba remuromo vertebrae nenhengo dzose mukirasi zvakafanana mhuka uye nomwe. Akadaro yakawandisa nzou, uye munda mbeva. Musiyano chete chete kukura.

Marangwanda papfudzi uye pelvic bhanhire dzaimiririrwa clavicle uye scapula kumusoro uye fused hudyu mapfupa pazasi. Ava kuda akasununguka muzvidimbu: bandauko, honokono, chiningoningo, achiumba akasununguka yepamusoro muzvidimbu uye hudyu, gumbo uye rutsoka - ezasi azvaitwa.

Nokudaro, mabasa anoitwa nokuda nemamiriro okunze ari zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ino, kubva roga kusvikira zvinyama uye pamwero muviri womunhu zvomukati.