Chii Schengen Agreement, uye sei zvinokanganisawo upenyu zvavo nzvimbo

Munhu wose anenge anzwa mashoko, "ari Schengen Agreement." Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vanoziva chii, uye sei zvakasiyana European Union mutemo. Shoko kwazvo "Schengen" kujeka. Uyezve, gore negore mazita enyika kubatana chirevo kuchinja mapazi. Panewo rinoti kuti akasaina chibvumirano, asi zvisinei zvinoda hwomukova National vhiza wokumwe kuzoshanyira nharaunda yayo. Uye kune avo (kunyanya zvipfupi state), izvo haana kupinda nzvimbo, asi of facto kubvumira kusingadzoreki panopindwa nawo anoti. Ngatimboonai kuti zviri chibvumirano ichi, kuti hatina simuka zvinetso zvisina kufanira nenyika nemagadhi kana kuyambuka miganhu.

The Schengen Agreement akanga nemasaini June 1985, shanu chete nyika: Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands uye France. Pfungwa rakasikwa gwaro rino ndera ari Benelux kunyika, pakati pavo uye napamberi kuti pakanga pane tripartite chibvumirano pamusoro vhiza-isina kushanya. Kusaina chesungano kwakaitika mungarava "Princess Marie-Astrid", akamira pakati porwizi Mosel munzvimbo convergence pakati kumiganhu Germany, France uye Luxembourg. The pedyo kugarwa rakanga riri pamhenderekedzo musha "Schengen". Naizvozvo akasaina gwaro zita rayo. Akasvika pakuzivikanwa so "Schengen Agreement".

It akagovera phasing kubva miganhu pakati nyika idzi. Makore mashanu akazotevera, muna 1990, Chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pamusoro pokushandisa zvokudya chibvumirano ichi, uye pashure 5 makore March 1995, iye chakabereka, kureva anonzi Schengen mapazi yakatangwa. Pakazosvika nguva dzakawanda gwaro akabatana nechimwe nyika mbiri - Spain nePortugal. De jure, kuti Schengen Agreement akarega kuvapo muna May 1999, apo akabatana nesimba Amsterdam Treaty. Maererano gwaro rino, zvatinopiwa pamusoro vhiza isina kupinda mukati mapazi kuve rakaiswa zvavo EU mutemo.

Saka, mitemo Schengen chibvumirano vari mukati mapazi of facto. Kuti maererano kudikanwa kuziva zvatinosiita nzvimbo kubva nyika kunze EU - akadai Russia, Ukraine, etc ...? Chekutanga, kwete inoti zvose kuti asaina aforesaid chibvumirano vanobatanidzwa mune mapazi. Somuenzaniso, Ireland uye United Kingdom acceded kuna Treaty, asi chete munzvimbo mapurisa nezvakatongwa pamwe. Kushanyira nyika idzi, vatorwa vanoda National vhiza chaiyo. The Agreement hairevi kuti mhiri mundima kunyika dzokuEurope mukati nharaunda: Netherlands, France, Denmark, Norway. Vatorwa akabata Schengen vhiza pamwe chete kupinda, unofanira kurangarira chimwe chinhu. Driving mugomba zvipfupi mamiriro Andorra, anosiya nzvimbo, uye shure navo havangagoni bvuma.

Pane zvakawanda kuomesa: kwete dzose nyika yose Schengen Agreement muna 2013 (mazita rakanyatsojeka voluminous kuitika munyika 30) vanobatanidzwa mune nomukurumbira nzvimbo vhiza kuzvidzora. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania uye Croatia akabatana gwaro. Zvisinei, zvose vagari dzavo uye vatorwa pamwe National vhiza munyika idzi, zvaida mvumo chaiyo kupinda munharaunda nyika yacho Schengen mapazi.