The chikuru ezvinhu yembeu kumera

Kusiyana zvipenyu uye hunhu hwavo marongerwo uye upenyu kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu. Terms kumera kufunga davi rawo inonzi bhotani, izvo mamiriro, rinosanganisira chikamu - chirimwa physiology. Major ezvinhu anodiwa mbeu imere - ndiro optimum tembiricha, mwando, free mukana mhepo, imwe yakakwana uwandu muviri kuti mudumbu kukura, uyewo jekeso muoti. Ivo ichakurukurwa pazasi.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti mbeu kumera

Mbeu aumba kubva mbeu utachiona uye Angiospermae akaumba somugumisiro miviri fertilization, S. Navashin yakazaruka 1861, kumera ake chinoitika panguva kusvika Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kwezvakatipoteredza, inonzi abiotic zvinhu. Embryo huri mbeu uye zvinosanganisira mudzi uye anoenda embryo hunde anotanga kukura, mbeu cuticle yaputswa, uye mudzi mbeu anotanga kuoneka. Zvinonzi akasimbiswa ivhu uye otanga yakazvimiririra muchayamwa mvura uye negadziriso pamusoro chicherwa munyu, zvinokosha kuti pakuzadzisa embryo.

Kuwedzera kune izvi zvinhu, nokuti mbeu kumera uye kukura anodiwa Organic zvinhu zvakadai starch, mapurotini uye mafuta. Vakagamuchirawo embryo kana kubva cotyledons (Y dicotyledonous zvinomera, zvakadai pizi, wemagaka, tomato makabheji), kana zvikasadaro zvakananga kubva endosperm chipo iri mbeu monocotyledonous miti (gorosi, mupunga, rye). Saka, zvakanaka abiotic zvinhu uye Kuwanikwa zvinovaka muviri - Ndivo ezvinhu anodiwa kuti imere.

Vasiri zvigadziriswe yembeu kumera

Kana ukaisa pamberi rakadai: Rondedzera basa anodiwa ezvinhu kuti imere mbeu, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga chiedza vasiri chokuita azvaiitwa, nesayenzi tsanangura huru ezvinhu anodiwa kukura embryo. Saka, kumera mbeu inonzi kuchinja kubva zororo kune vegetative kukura embryo, paumbwe utachiona kwayo.

Mbeu mamwe miti inogona imere pakarepo kana nguva pfupi pashure kukura. muti zhinji mhando Somuenzaniso, muna gymnosperms - spruce, nemipaini, nemisidhari, uye ruzhinji dondo herbaceous miti, mbeu vane yakareba dormancy uye imere chete pashure pemakore 1-2 kana kupfuura. Nguva iyi inokosha zvikuru. Saka, miriwo unozvidzora latitudes kumera dzinovhurika ne yakaderera tembiricha chando. kwezvakatipoteredza chinhu yakadaro, akadai chiedza, hapasi kunyatsobatsira zvinhu vembeu kumera, sezvo vakawanda vavo kuva murima.

The kukosha optimum tembiricha

Chinonyanya kukosha ezvinhu mbeu imere - yakanaka abiotic zvinhu, kusanganisira tembiricha anozadzika mumwe mukuru mabasa. In agronomic zvirimwa dzinoiswa sezvo chando nemishonga uye nokupisa-rudo. Kusiyanisa kwakadaro unoshandawo mbeu. Vamwe, vakadai twakadai mbeu uye lettuce, hanyanisi, imere yakaderera yakanaka tembiricha vamwe (nhanga, madomasi, wemagaka) zvinoda kuti ivhu riri kudziyirwa kuti tembiricha 10 - 12 inegumi.

In horticulture vanowanzoshandisa nzira kuvandudza mbeu imere, avo kudziyisa. Unogona kushandisa dzemagetsi midziyo, uye mbeu chirimwa cucurbitaceae mhuri: wemagaka, Squash, manwiwa, bhinzi (bhinzi, pizi, soyabhinzi) yakanyura mumvura aine tembiricha kuti 35-45 ° C, ipapo inotonhora uye waoma. Muchidziisa mbeu mumwe kana vaviri mavhiki kudyara muvhu kunowedzera simba pamusoro kumera, zvomutadzisa munhu kunonoka zvinomera, anowedzera yauinayo.

Basa mwando kumera

Uchidzidza mamiriro ezvinhu zvinodiwa kumera mbeu, ichanyanya kukosha mvura. Kuvapo Its muvhu inopa basa mumatenhere mbeu jasi, activation kuti starch hydrolysis. Self kumera kwacho kunotanga soaking mbeu huru Vhoriyamu mvura inoyerera zvakananga mudumbu. masero awo nokushingaira yekubata shuga otanga nokukurumidza, inosimudzira kukura embryonic mudzi. Somuenzaniso, mbeu bhiti tibatsirwe mvura 1,2 munguva yayo uremu, uye Clover - 1.5. Mudzimba dzine zvikuru kushandiswa nzira soaking mbeu nemvura, kuwana kumera embryonic mudzi.

The mugumisiro okisijeni iri kukura kwembeu

Kufunga huru ezvinhu kuti mbeu imere, tinoona kudiwa mahara kuwana mhepo, iro rinoshandiswa nechokwadi kuti dzinotsanagura ndichibvunza kufema yakakanyiwa mbeu. Mune zvokurima, rinowanzoshandiswa Inotubuka pamusoro: vachisanganisa mbeu mumvura pasi pokudzora okisijeni kana mhepo kusvitsa kubva compressor. Kakawanda bubbled mbeu ne pasi simba (makarotsi, parsnips, hanyanisi).

Chii EM michina?

Kana isu kuna panguva agrarians aine chikumbiro yokuziva kumera ezvinhu mbeu, mukupindura, kuwedzera ose anozivikanwa abiotic zvinhu, tichanzwa panyaya yokushandisa microbial vamiririri, akadai "Baikal EM-1", ine lactic acid, photosynthetic utachiona uye hunokuvadza, akadai mbiriso. In ichi mushonga mhinduro zvakakangwa akagadzirira nokudyara mbeu kwemaawa 2-3. Michina iyi kunomutsa kukura kwacho uye kunosimbisa simba mbeu kumera, uyewo inowedzera kutapata miti kuti tupukanana uye anowedzera zvibereko.

scarification mbeu

Kutarisa ose ezvinhu kumera wembeu, zvinokosha kugara pasi nzira iyi sezvo scarification (chakagadzirwa kukuvara mbeu jasi noruoko). Nokuti chinangwa ichi, musanganiswa mbeu pamwe zvinonyadzisa jecha kana simbi mafufu. Nokuti kukuya damage testa. nzira iyi nokukurumidza kuti mudumbu anopiwa mvura zvaidikanwa kumera kwembeu.

pelleting mbeu

Kuvapo zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana - chinhu ezvinhu anokosha mbeu imere, kunyanya vaya vane diki kukura, uye nokudaro diki ndiri pachavo muviri yavo. Mbeu tomato hanyanisi, makarotsi, makabheji drazhiruyut, i.e. zvinenge zvakazara paiva Organic nutritive zvinhu vanobatisisa mbeu uchishandisa starch mhinduro - kana namatidza dzichangobva mullein. mbeu pelleting Asati calibrated, kuti arongwe, vachisiya kupfuura uye akarurama kupfuura chimiro. Nzira iyi kufurira ezvinhu mbeu imere, kunoita uye runogonesa dzavo kumera simba.

Munyaya ino, chikuru ezvinhu mbeu imere zvakabudiswa pachena, zvinoti mwando, Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri tembiricha, zvichienderana yemiti uye mhando, kuvapo neoxygen iri mumhepo uye muvhu, imwe yakakwana kugoverwa zvinovaka muviri kuti kukura embryo uye ano nzira kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu mbeu kumera .