History of Makuriro zvepfungwa yayo huru sectors

History of Makuriro zvepfungwa ( "psyche" mushanduro kubva rekare rechiGiriki "mweya", "Logos" - .. "Science"), sezvo imwe zivo inokosha, midzi 4-5 remakore BC, sezvo dzakatangira muura uzivi. Ancient somuzivi Aristotle akanyora bhuku rake "On mweya" umo akakwanisa kupa mitemo dzinokosha uye nenheyo dzayo inoshanda.

History of Makuriro zvepfungwa zvakafanana sezvo chirango yakazvimirira zvesayenzi, watopiwa chokuita ongororo Wundt ari XIX remakore. Nokuti panguva iyoyo paiva purogiramu yokutanga akasika nemasayendisiti avo rinotarisa kushandisa vakawanda yesayenzi kudzidza nzira. Naizvozvo, paiva kuedza, uye wokutanga rabhoritari, razova nzira huru anozvipira pakuongorora (introspection).

Mune ramangwana, vanachiremba vakatanga kukura nokukurumidza, mukati maro vazhinji munzvimbo dzakanga zvinhu yokungotaura zvinotaurwa siyana, maonero panyaya nzira sayenzi tsvakurudzo.

Pakupera ari XIX remakore zvishoma nezvishoma akasvika pakuziva kuti introspection haasi kukwanisa kuratidza mukuru zvinoumba psyche, nekuti pedenderedzwa mananara akadzidza zvepfungwa ane nhamba huru zvakavapo.

Somugumisiro, paiva dzidziso Sigmund Freud, uyo akazova muvambi psychoanalytic pfungwa. The chikuru zvokudya nayo inoitirwa kudzidza kwete pfungwa dzomunhu, sezvo ari wokutanga kutungamirira, uye unhu hwake. Ndokusaka Rinoshandisa misimboti zvakadai: mupi werutemo uye kubudirira. Cherechedzai rave rwakabhadharwa kuna chavanoziva seinokonzera munyika basa.

Kunyatsofunga kubvuta masimba yaiva dzidziso Watson, yakazozivikanwa seshanduro "behaviorism." Psychology mukati maro akaita sechinhu chinangwa experimental bazi rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi. Subject chete - maitiro nzwisiswa somunhu yakatarwa pakati tsandanyama uye glandular siyana pavakanzwa zviwane, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa. Naizvozvo, mukuru nzira kuferefeta ndiwo maitiro kuedza.

History of Makuriro zvepfungwa mukuvamba XX remakore, zvinova zvakaoma chaizvo. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvakatanga kuumba vazhinji zvakasiyana, kukwikwidza uye kazhinji kunyange sawirirana paradigms. Yakanga yakasiyana nedzimwe zvinomboitika paumbwe nesayenzi, sezvo chero kuranga haana kudaro vakawanda kwemotokari ndiyo paradigms zvakadaro zvakasiyana.

Unogona kuguma nyore nenzira kukwana mazita mirayiridzo iyo yakabuda panguva ino zvishande behaviorism; Adler kuti psychoanalysis; simba pfungwa Lewin; Gestalt kwepfungwa; Spranger anorondedzera kwepfungwa; Piaget pfungwa; maonero Vygotsky raMwari; Several pfungwa mabasa; reactology spondylitis, uye zvichingodaro.

Naizvozvo, sayenzi nguva tinogona kutaura pachena dambudziko, izvo haisati yapera zvevakomana. Chokwadi ndechokuti zvepfungwa ano kunoratidzwa kusiyana maonero vaitungamirira paradigms. Asi, nemhaka dzakawanda kukwikwidza pfungwa, zvinokwanisika kuti kunzwisisa nyaya uye nzira nesayenzi zvizere.

Saka, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti nhoroondo wepfungwa iyi kubva pakutanga kwayo kukura. Zvakaguma namaapuro vakawanda awo.

Nhoroondo mumagariro zvepfungwa - chinhu refu nzira kuenda. Asi kubva chirango ichi yakaumbwa ichibva vakawanda zvinyorwa, zviri kutonetsa yokusarudza veruzhinji anokwanisa zvinomira kumiganhu huru zvinhu. Zviri mubvunzo socio-mupfungwa ruzivo.

Vazhinji mikuru munzvimbo nesayenzi dzisingadi saizvozvo. Ndizvo nhoroondo yepamutemo zvepfungwa, zera, dzidzo, uye vamwe vakawanda.