Swedish Koroleva Kristina: Biography, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Biography Mambokadzi Christina wokuSweden (1626-1689), uyo akatonga nyika kubva muna 1644 kusvika pamakore ra1654, kwave uye inoramba kumwe vakataura pamusoro muzuva redu. Vazhinji vakararama uye vanyori akarimisa muenzaniso mutongi, vadikamwa vanhu, hazvina kuisa upenyu hwake pamusoro pearitari paruzhinji zvinoitwa pasi.

Koroleva Kristina Sweden - mumwe vakadzi hwake rinozikamwa navanopinda pedenderedzwa vanhu, uye pamusoro mumwe hakuna chaiwo mashoko. Somugumisiro - zhinji zvinhu dzake Biography wana kufembera nerunyerekupe.

Kuberekwa Queen nezveramangwana

Akaberekwa remangwana Koroleva Kristina Sweden December 18, 1626 (New Style). Vabereki vake vaiva Emperor Gustav Ii Adolf uye Brandenburg Princess Maria Eleonora, panguva pamuviri zvose nezviratidzo, iyoyo vanachiremba akanongedza kuberekwa mwanakomana wake - mugari wenhaka ramangwana kune chigaro. Kufanana nenzwi rimwe vakati zhinji vafemberi navafemberi, vakabvuma kudare.

Kunyange pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa courtiers, achiona achangoberekwa mwana, akabata mukomana. Pano anotanga wokutanga uye kusabvumirana mu Biography yake Christina. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, mhedziso chakaitwa nokuti kuti mwana guru kwazvo. Vamwe vanoti kugomo guru, kuti wakaonekwa sechiratidzo utano ane mukomana yakasimba kwazvo kuti. Third mabhuku dzinoratidza kuti mwana anozvarwa aine mijenya bvudzi, rinova zvichishandurwa muchifarira munhurume. Chero zvakanga, asi Mambo Gustav akaudzwa pamusoro kuberekwa wenhaka kumukomana, akarota pakati navahosi.

Pazvakava pachena zvepabonde chairo mwana, mambo nokungwarira akati kuti pashure ose musikana akaberekwa. Asi pasinei ose zvavanotya, namambo akatora nhau nenyasha, uye pandakatanga akaona mwanasikana, akati kuti kamwe aiva pakuzvarwa akanyengerwa yose youmambo, ipapo mune ramangwana riri kunodiwa kumirira zvinhu zvikuru.

makore okutanga oupenyu

Swedish Koroleva Kristina, Biography rakatanga saka zvokushamisira, aiva mwanasikana mumwe madzimambo vakadzidza zvikuru nguva yake. Akamutsa mwana maererano nemaonero ake chii chinofanira kuva mutongi chaiye. Zvakanga mutsivi wake pachigaro Gustaf kuona, chii uye akaudza namakurukota ake uye vanotongwa - kana haachavi varume venhaka, zvinova mambokadzi Christina. The yeSweden wakapika wake kuvimbika, apo Christina aiva gore rimwe chete.

dzidzo Initial vaishanda pachako Gustav, iyo Queen Maria Eleonora, iyo kwazvo akamirirwa mwanakomana, akanga chete zvakare kufara. Pano inotevedzera Biography chokwadi anooneka. Somwana, Koroleva Kristina Sweden akagamuchira kukuvara akawanda, nokuda mumwe papfudzi rakanga kupfuura vamwe, uye achifamba akaratidzwa ari oneka simba.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, ichi chaiva mhaka iri Queen, asina kuongororwa zvakanaka mwana achiri asina mubasa dzidzo vasikana mambo ... Imwe shanduro yeBhaibheri inoti kuti izvozvo zvakaita kuti baba pachake, uyo akanga akabata Christina ari kugara naye, asi haana akabhadhara nzeve sei uye kupi mwana angawira, zvichiguma kukuvara vakaramba uncured uye vakasiya chiratidzo upenyu.

Childhood uye ongororo yacho Queen

History kazhinji ine tsaona - zvizvarwa arege kuziva zita iri, sezvo Queen Christina wokuSweden. Biography vasikana kutanga akaita unopinza dzoro pashure pokufa kwababa - muna 1832 Gustav akauraya mumwe hondo Hondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu, uye kwete kupa hurumende mukono mugari wenhaka. Queen Maria Eleonora haana kufarira paruzhinji zvenyika, saka Swedish museneti vachibvumirana aida kuita kuda kwababa Christina uye musikana akasimbisa musoro wehurumende, achitonga kuti risati kukura achava regent Graf Aksel Oksinshtern. Sezvo wemazano, akanga nokuti Christina muenzaniso zvose, itai chaizvo wechidiki Queen dzidzo yakanaka.

Zviri mwanasikana wakafanira vake baba, vaduku mugari wenhaka pachigaro kubva pauduku akashamiswa vakararama maererano nyore zviri kuwana zivo itsva. mitauro Foreign, unyanzvi, sayenzi uye nhoroondo - zvose vapiwa musikana nyore. Nechekare mumakore 12 aigona Ureve kutaura romoto nechiRoma, uye sayenzi dzinongoitika akabata nayo pachake Rene Dekart, uyo akati Swedish Koroleva Kristina - mudzidzi wake yakanakisisa, uye akagara naye kusvikira pakufa kwake.

Pokufa musayendisiti mukuru awana makuhwa. The yepamutemo shanduro ndechokuti akafa nemabayo nokuda utsinye hwokumusoro okunze, asi pane kufungidzira kuti akanga muchetura, sezvo vamwe courtiers vaitya pesvedzero yake pamusoro mambokadzi mutsva.

The chimiro mutongi

Kuti anyatsoona vakararama kuziva mitauro yokumwe, nhoroondo, zvematongerwo enyika yakadzika, mudzidzi mukurovedza zvinoda mumwe wevasungwa, kuzvitsaurira uye rudo rwechokwadi kuti kudzidza kwauchaita zvinhu zvitsva. izvi unhu All vaiva Christina zhinji, asi vamwe pane kwakajeka pfungwa, mumwe musikana akarerwa neimwe uye ndikasimamo mazhinji muzongoza ropa roumambo, yakaoma kunzwisisa chokwadi uye kodzero yokuita sezvaakanga iye zvakakodzera. Baba amudana se chete "mambo" (pane "The Queen"). Kana musikana akakura, ipapo kuzvishandura kamwe chisarudzo aigona kuita chete kana simba kwazvo.

A pfungwa huru pamusoro inotungamirwa Christine nyika aiva kuziva pamwe Biography pakati Elizabeth I - Mambokadzi England uye Ireland mumakore 1558-1603, yaiva vaichengetedza pakati unyanzvi uye sayenzi uye kuyeukwa chisarudzo charo kwete mutoro pachavo pamwe mhiko, uye chero zvakaita nevanhu. Sezvo chokwadi, hakuna munhu anoziva, asi zviri pamutemo, zvose Queen kwamboitwa akaroora uye vakasiya vana.

Regent wokuSweden, Oksishtern girafu kubva vaduku vakatanga kugadzirira accession Christina pachigaro choushe, kukurukurirana nayo paruzhinji nyaya. The ramangwana chaizvo Queen akaratidza kufarira nyaya idzi, uye pamusoro wayo matsamba, tinogona kugumisa kuti nyaya iri nechekare ainyatsoziva zvakakwana ari wemakore gumi.

Pakutanga ushe

Kunyange asati kugadzwa zviri Koroleva Kristina Sweden nokushingaira vaiitawo muupenyu ehurumende. Nemhaka kunoshamisa nemano, kare nemakore 16 vake mvumo kuna weSeneti musangano, uko kakawanda wabereka zvibereko furor mashoko ake, pfungwa uye maonero vavatorwa mudzimba negwaro.

Apo muna muna 1644 akanga 18, pasinei nokuti pamberi wevakadzidza kugadza vachafanira kumirira mamwe makore mashoma, dare ndizvo vanhu pamutemo zera Christina, uye of facto inova mutongi sepasi oumambo.

The kuuya simba akapotsa haana kushandura wenyaya, izvo vakanamatira Koroleva Kristina Sweden - dzinonakidza chokwadi kubva upenyu, akanyatsokopwa akanyorwa muna netsamba vakararama panguva, muti, Somuenzaniso, kuti iye akamuka nenguva 5 am uye kazhinji vakakumbira chete kubva mudzidzisi wake - Rene Dekarta. nguva Personal yakakamurwa pakati pachena mabasa uye mimwe kuzvidzora kukura, uye majaya mambokadzi vasingawanzotauri kuteerera kugungano. Uyezve, iye kazhinji vaipfeka nguvo avanhu, vachifunga izvozvo vasununguka. Artists aigona kupenda chero mbatya, asi kana paparazzi hwaivapo panguva apo iye akanga ari Swedish Koroleva Kristina, pikicha aigona zvakanaka andobata paari mapfekero ingi echitema, waiva mutongi yenhando.

Kurambirwa muchato

Pashure kuuya zera, kuyeuka kukurumidza rufu Gustav, dare proposes kuti mutongi wake aroore, kupa hurumende mugari wenhaka. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti uyu ndiye mumwe mabasa rokupedzisira nhengo raitonga youmambo pamusoro Vasa, wakange Christina, Mambokadzi Sweden. Remakore rechi17 yakanga kuchinja panyaya iyi, asi pasinei nezvose, kufanana chifananidzo chake, Elizabeth I, Christina akazivisa kuti arege nokusingaperi kuroorwa uye kuva nevana. Chisarudzo ichi zvakauya ndisingafungiri zvose pamusoro Sweden - kubva vanhuwo kusvikira kwamachinda, kwete kuda kuchinjwa kwesimba mumaoko "zvakaipa". Vakaedza kuchinja mafungiro Queen - the Riksdag yaitsvaga wake suitors, ave nguva kurambwa. Mumwe mapato zvavo airatidzika zvose akakwana - hama dzamambokadzi Carl-Gustav, uyezve, kuti muchinda yakaumbwa (Ichokwadi kwete vanomwe, sezvo iye Christina, asi aiziva mitauro mitatu yokumwe), vakanaka uye pakunyanya kuda Christine pashure musangano wavo . Mugumisiro Zvisinei, achiri chete - kusiya mambokadzi akaramba kuroorwa, asi aida kutora kuva mugari wenhaka pachigaro abva.

The anoda Carl-Gustav, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 27 okuberekwa, akaramba, achiti kuti haachafaniri korona Swedish uye ruoko vahosi.

Paitonga

Kuti mafambire Prince kubva kufunga zvokuroora, izvo akaramba uye Riksdag, Cristina anotuma Karl-Gustav muGermany, uko akapedza 3 years Mutungamiriri wenyika Swedish mauto. Somugumisiro, refu kuparadzana haana sei manzwiro ake - muchinda haana kutsigira pasi uye akaramba pakuti muchato. The Queen, nokuti ayo chikamu, uyewo haana kushandura pfungwa - ndokusvika vakazotevera - nokukurumidza akanga ari weSeneti magwaro Carl-Gustav akagadzwa mutsivi chigaro.

Vakagumburwa nemanzwiro avo, muchinda akasiya dare, vakaenda kuchitsuwa Öland, iyo akavimbisa kumirira hama yangu hakuzochinji mafungiro chacho. Taifanira kumirira chaizvo kwenguva refu, sezvo Swedish Koroleva Kristina kwaari kunyange akafunga - kutanga, yakanga yokuita zvinoitwa achigadzirira kugadzwa (rakaitirwa 1650), uye zvadaro jaya mambokadzi akatora mabasa.

The vatorwa wokuti Cristina anonyanya kwakaratidzwa pakazopera Yemakore Makumi Matatu War, dzikavauraya baba vake. Panyaya iyi, Zvakatora rimwe akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana pomudzimai wake chipangamazano Earl Oksishternu chinzvimbo, uyo aidavira kuti kuenderera rehondo kunobatsira Sweden. Kusiyana payo, mambokadzi anotumira German runyararo guruundano mumiririri wayo, uye rugare chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa. Muchiitiko chino, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vomunguva vanobvuma kuti mamiriro ezvinhu acho akanga outsinye akanakira Sweden - kunze kuti wake akaramba dzatorwa (West Pomerania, Valenza, Verden, Guta Wismar), norugare chibvumirano chakanyorwa kuwana indemnity mu uwandu mamiriyoni 5 talers.

Kuwedzera kudzora pakuvhiya nemauto, Christina vakabatsira kukura nemagariro - kana akauya yendarama nguva vemifananidzo.

The kurambirwa choumambo

Muna ra1654 paiva chiitiko kusingaenzaniswi - June 6 pamusangano pakati Riksdag, kuti Swedish Koroleva Kristina inoti asingakanganwiki abdication. Anoti iye haadi kutungamirira hurumende kuti upenyu uye anoitazve rwendo kuona nyika kure, uye munzvimbo yake Sezvaitarisirwa, akasiya sekuru vamambo, Karl Gustav.

Kana toreva zvose akati chaiva chokwadi, uye zvino tinogona chete zvokufungidzira, asi kunanga uchapupu hunoratidza kuti haana zvose zvakanga zvakadaro akatedza, sezvinorondedzerwa pamutemo shanduro. mutsivi chigaro akanga "akagadzwa" refu asati abdication, mukuwedzera, achinyumwira nokukurumidza kugadza mutongi mutsva yakaitwa (Carl-Gustaf pakuzivikanwa se Korol Karlom X) - chakaitirwa nezuva iro sezvo kuwedzera hofisi Christine.

Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti Riksdag vomanikidza mambokadzi, achiedza kumanikidza kwake kuroorwa uye kubereka mugari wenhaka, asi nyaya dzakawanda, soMupi mudzimai uye amai Cristina akapotsa mavhunduka kudziviswa zvose hwake. Kunenge kuti kamwe mubvunzo wacho tsitsi - kuroorwa kana zvabudiswa choushe, saka Christina yakazviwanira pfungwa yechitatu, nekuti pashure muchato, Carl angadai achiri akava mambo, uye iye naye ikava mudzimai uye amai. Panguva iyoyowo, kana asina kushanda kunze vana, zvino dzokai zviitiko dzakanga wose ... Nenzira, chinhu chakafanana chakaitika - Mambo mutsva, pasinei "rudo" kwaaiita Christina, akapa mugari wenhaka kunyika anenge pakarepo, uye Chikurukuru - iri nguva, nekuti ndaka kuchitonhora uye akafa pashure 5 years. Zvakare, mwana anova mambo (zvino mana), uye kusvikira zera ruzhinji Chokwadi nyika iri kutongwa Riksdag.

A upenyu hutsva kumwe

Italy aiva nyika yokutanga, uko iye akararama shure abdication yacho zvino vaimbova Swedish Koroleva Kristina. Interesting zvinhu kwake Biography haana kuguma simba kukundikana, uye upenyu hutsva kuti eccentric mudzimai akatanga kuchinja kutenda Catholic (kufungisisa netsika nguva, yaiva chiitiko zvikuru kurei kupfuura rwendo kuenda Italy pacharo mabhiza uye akapfeka somunhu). Nemhaka chitendero chitsva, Christina (nenzira, mushure rubhabhatidzo itsva, akagamuchira zita August) kuItaly unogamuchirwa zvakanaka Pope pachake, asi iye pashure pechinguva "akabvunza" wake achibva kuruwa, sezvo aimbova mambokadzi zvava kuzivikanwa somunhu hwokunyanyisa nihilist - akararama, kuzvidza kunomumwe mitemo iwe akamisa vaRoma pamusoro pake.

Akatevera nyika apo kutumira Kristina, France agara dzinoratidzwa unzenza. Pano, yaimbova Queen anonziwo ndiye vanopfuura zvoufuza nenzira - kakawanda kuchinja pavadikani, ukama hwepedyo nevamwe vakadzi, uye umhondi (asi kwete nemaoko ake, uye pashure yepedyo). Zvisinei, pamwe yokupedzisira sezvo nguva dzose pachena - kunyange mumazuva iwayo, aichimbova mambokadzi aiva nekodzero chirango dare uye ruregerero pamusoro vaaitonga, saka zvose rave akaronga sezvo vatevedzere zviri mutongo (kunyange kuwana uchapupu hwokuti akanga akatakurwa dzimwe kuongorora). Asi chokwadi chinoramba - the Marquis pamusoro Monaldeschi, maererano makuhwa, aichimbova anoda Christine, vakabayiwa nomunondo, uye akadzokera Italy.

Kuedza vadzosere choumambo uye okupedzisira makore

Muna 1660 iye akafa mutsivi aimbova mambokadzi - Charles X, achisiya mwanakomana muduku. Zvakare, unogona kufunga zvikonzero Kuramba Christina, kubva pachigaro cheushe, pashure pokunzwa nhau kubva nyika yavo, pakarepo anoenda kumusha wake, apo zvinoda kudzokera kwaari chigaro. Asi Riksdag aramba, sezvo Christina Augusta nderimwe chitendero ikozvino, uye mugari wenhaka Sweden zvino, uye ndizvo (sezvo tsaru mambokadzi nyaya angangotadza kuonekwa).

Pashure Nokutuka weSeneti okupedzisira makore yaimbova Queen Christina wokuSweden (1626-1689) kwakaitika Italy, uye zvikuru kunyarara. Zviri kuguma mazuva ake, iye sevasingafungi vaimbi, vananyanduri uye vaimbi. Christina akafa Augustus April 19, 1689, uye akanga ari mumwe wevakadzi vatatu akavigwa muRoma St. kwaPetro Basilica.