Stepan Khalturin: Biography, mapikicha. Monument kuna Stepan Nikolaevich Khalturin

Stepan Khalturin, pfupi Biography iyo zvichakurukurwa pazasi, inozivikanwa kubatanidzwa kuputika muna Winter Palace muna 1880. Uyezve, aiva mumwe vatungamiri "Vashandi North-Russian 'Union."

Stepan Khalturin: Biography

The ramangwana echimurenga akaberekwa mumusha. Khalevinski muna 1856, December 21, mwanakomana murimi yakabudirira. Muna 1871, Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich chikoro reruwa muna Orel nharaunda , Vyatka province. Muna 1874 akapinda Zemstvo mudzidzisi wacho zvechitendero, asi mune inotevera 1875 akadzingwa nokuti murombo zvedzidzo unongotaura.

basa yokutanga

Muna 1875, pamwe chete vashoma dzakafanana Stepan Khalturin aida kuenda America, ipapo kusika pachavo Tauriranai kwavo. Zvisinei, munzira kuenda kuMoscow, shamwari dzake vakaba pasipoti yake uye uende kunze kuburikidza Petersburg. Khalturin akaedza kubata navo, asi vakasagona. Asvika muSt Petersburg, akanga achiparidza kupfuura siyana basa pachavo zvokudya uye kuti pane imwe usiku. Mumatsutso 1875 akakwanisa kumisa neVadzidzi kuipandukira, ari populists, pakati pavo pakange G. V. Plehanov. Kwapera nguva, Stepan Khalturin akasangana zvachero pamwe Kotelnikov - mudzidzisi Zemsky chikoro. Last akatamira St. Petersburg uye muchirongwa masangano pachivande. Akabatsira Khalturin vagara njanji okudhindira muvezi. Gare gare Kotelnikov yakarumbidza nayo mune zvematongerwo enyika yeChina St. Petersburg.

echimurenga basa

Akabatana enyika yepasi kufamba, Stepan Khalturin angotanga kukurumbira pakati denderedzwa nhengo. Ikoko akaratidzawo tarenda anoparadzirwa. Aiitawo paumbwe masangano rokutanga vashandi Russia. Gare gare, VG Korolenko mu netsamba (pamashoko Aleksandra Pavlova) kuti Halturin "ndichichema akakurudzira vateveri vake kuti vabatane nzira chinotyisa," achiti kuti mugwagwa uyu haizogadzirisiki. Mumakore kota XIX remakore, vakawanda capitalist maindasitiri yakanga kusimbiswa St. Petersburg. The guta nokukurumidza zvakawedzera uwandu proletarian vemo. Chengarava muguta kupinda mabhuku Russian emigre kuipandukira. Muna December 1878 mutemo uye chirongwa "North-Russian Workers 'Union" vakagamuchirwa. Movement rakarongwa neDare Mayor kwavatumwa, D. Smirnov, S. I. Volkov, V. I. Savelev. Society vakaungana rechi15 mutsetse Vasilievsky Island, 20. Kwapera nguva, sangano vakatanga kutungamirira Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich uye Obnorsky Viktor Pavlovich. Muna 1879, kutenderwa chirongwa uye nemitemo dzakabudiswa muchimiro mapepa chete sirogani "To vashandi Russian!". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti sangano "Union" raiva nani zvekare - akanga asiri pati, asi, repachivande. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzidzo yake - chinokosha danho nokuda mugovanisi anoparadzirwa pakati vashandi.

Marongerwo sangano basa

"Union" akaita kuwedzerwa nokukurumidza. Nokukurumidza akatanga kuumba mapazi mumaruwa St. Petersburg anobatwa kirasi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rinotungamirirwa kushanda vanhu "pakati denderedzwa". Inside yeidzi vakavhura zvisiri pamutemo raibhurari wayo, aishanda chikwereti uye mari mubhengi. Muna February 1880, nhengo "Union" akakwanisa kugadzira uye kumhanya muchina wokudhinda. Akatanga kushandiswa pakugadzira mapepa. Iyewo akabudisa nyaya "Kushanda mambakwedza" (Revolutionary pepanhau) rokutanga. Just "Union", paiva nevanhu vanenge 200. Vakatsvaka kusika munhu munyika sangano, kuedza kutungamirira enyika nenjodzi. Office akaita Helsingfors uye Moscow. Muna 1880, sangano airwadziwa nezviremera. Nhengo dzayo akakwanisa kutiza.

Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich: People mhirizhonga tsarism

Muna September 1879 ine echimurenga, kushandisa magwaro asiwo, vakagara Winter Palace, muvezi. It vaigara zimba. By pakutanga February inotevera gore akakwanisa kufamba mumba kwaaigara, Dynamite, kugadzirwa clandestine mumarabhoritari. Guardroom raiva zvakananga pamusoro pekamuri apo Stepan Khalturin kugadziriswa. Gandanga aitarisira kuti simba kuputika asvika yokudyira, apo kwemanheru kwaiva kwakarongwa Alexander II uye Muchinda Washington. Raiva panhurikidzwa yechipiri, pamusoro guardroom. Zvisinei, muchinda chitima akanonoka nokuda maminitsi 30. The kuputika kwakaitika apo Kesari akasangana mueni mukamuri munda yokukunda, kubva yokudyira. Shock chinozunguzirwa akaparadza bindepinde pakati wokutanga uye Uriri. Rakabhuroka Mapuriro guardhouse (ano №26 Hermitage Hall). Between Mapuriro wechipiri uye vokutanga vaiva kaviri maberere ezvidhinha. Ivo akapikisa Nokufema. Vaiva mezzanine vanhu vakanga vasina kukuvara, asi kuti kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa akasimudza pasi uye vakagogodza panze magirazi ari mahwindo. In yokudyira (160 mukamuri fung of Hermitage nhasi) pamadziro akaenda mutswe. Nokufema akauraya varwi 11 vaitakura zuva iri murindi mumuzinda, akakuvadzwa 56 vanhu. Kupukunyuka awa, pasinei kukuvara dzavo uye maronda, akagara zvavo mbiru. Havana conceded zvigaro zvavo, kunyange pashure kuuya yekupindurwa Life Guards Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo, uchigere kutongovapo kuchinja wavarindi koporo, uyuwo ari kuputika. Varwi vose vakafa musi iwoyo, vaiva magamba hondo Russian-Turkish yakaguma ichangobva. Watch akavigwa vakawanda guva muSt Petersburg panguva Smolensk kumakuva. Lined pamwe girenayiti panzvimbo shongwe Heroes-Finns. Chirevo chamambo, vose akapa mari kubhadhara, mibayiro uye nezvimwe incentives. Mhuri vaya vakaurayiwa akashandurwa chete kuti "muchikepe nokusingaperi." Pasinei chando uye ngozi kurwiswa itsva nemagandanga, February 7, Alexander ndakaenda mariro. Supreme Administrative Commission hwakagadzwa pashure 5 Mazuva - inoshamisa hurumende muviri kurwisa echimurenga kurwisa. Mushure kuputika muna Winter Palace, Stepan Khalturin akatumwa People muMoscow.

Kupondwa muchuchisi Strelnikov

Muna 1882, March 18, Stepan Khalturin, pamwe NA akanga nodular muna Odessa. Pano aiitawo kupondwa muchuchisi. Nodules ndokukuvadza mumwe anofa ronda Strelnikov aine pfuti wapfura. Khalturin aifanira kutora naye mhosva kuitika, yakazonyorwa somunhu coachman. Zvisinei, havana kukwanisa kutiza; vakanga muusungwa nokuda Vanopfuura. Calling kuferefeta mamwe mazita, Khalturin uye Zhelvakov varayirwa Alexander III vakaedzwa uye akarembera harimboonekwi muna 1882, musi 22 March.

mhedziso

Mumakore kwesimba eSoviet akaverengwa Halturin rinonyanya airemekedzwa kuipandukira. Lenin akataura zvakanaka nezvake uye basa rake rakasikwa masangano pevhu. Muna 1923, Kirov aiva shongwe Stepanu Halturinu. Uyewo, echimurenga zvivezwa kupa mu Orlov, p. Zaton (Kirov mudunhu.). Stepan Khalturin, akatumidza chikepe.