"Sick Building Syndrome" - izvo Houses zvinoitika

Shoko rokuti "chivakwa sick chirwere" yakatanga kwakamboitwa World Health Organization kurapwa hafu adarika. Maererano nokutsvakurudza renguva pamwero inoitwa nenyanzvi American muna US uye 30% zvivako hazvisi njodzi utano. On uwandu Apartments uye mahofisi "zvakaipa" kuRussia, mumwe anogona chete zvokufungidzira. Syndrome anoita zviratidzo zvakafanana avo kufema zvirwere, asi nokuda zvimwewo zvinhu: chakuvhuvhu, guruva, inokuvadza kugadzikana zvinhu, uye vamwe irritants uye allergens.

indoor zvakatipoteredza

nezvinetso zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchengeteka upenyu pamusoro Nyika zvinokurukurwa munyika yose. Ichiitwa yakawanda zvokutsvakurudza mabasa aronga, dzinounzwa mari kuvandudza zvinhu pamwe mamiriro mhepo, mvura, mumakungwa, nevhu.

Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti ndiye ikoroji pakati musha. Quality upenyu kunobva zvakananga nokunaka kwedzimba, ayo Utsanana maitiro. Domestic dzedenga dzezvakatipoteredza vanofungidzirwa 9 nguva yakawanda chepfu uye 5 nguva rwokunze dirtier. Masikati, vanhu "tibatsirwe" kusvika bhiriyoni 3 tudonhwe muguruva. Izvi yaivhuvhuta zvinhu yekudyidzana achiipa utano.

Kana microclimate mukati kuvaka yaputswa, pane "chivakwa kurwara chirwere" - kana rinoungana ari mufurati zvipenyu, zvemakemikari, uye dzimwe allergens. Pakutanga, vaigara kana kushanda mune matambudziko kufema, pakupedzisira pachena kurwadza kwemajoini, kushaya hope.

tsananguro

Tichanzwisisa kuti kushandisa shoko rokuti "chivakwa kurwara urwere". Pfungwa SBS (Chirungu Sick chivakwa chirwere) rinoshandiswa kurondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo vagari zvimwe zvivako ipapo chikuva zvirwere, zviratidzo, uye hapana hosha akananga zvikasaitika.

Kazhinji vanhu vanoshamisika chii vagari dzimba "chivakwa sick chirwere" rinowanika kakawanda. Kuratidzwa zviratidzo chokuita ainyanya pamwe zvakare shoma mhepo yakachena Mudzimba uye kbps.

Dzinosvibisa anogona:

• zvipenyu (semuenzaniso, divi-zvibereko afemeruke, dampness, chakuvhe);
• zvokuvakisa uye magadzirirwo okunze (zvokufembedzwa, pendi, matanda preservatives, asbestos);
• kufefetedza uye mhepo kutonhodza (tusingaoneki mumhepo ducts);
• kunze mhepo (utachiona kemisitiri mumaguta makuru);
• kushandiswa zvisina kunaka zvivako (semuenzaniso, kuputa).

zviratidzo

Muna 1984, WHO yakataura kuti "vanorwara chivakwa chirwere" Ndiwo 30% zvivako zvitsva uye dzigadziridzwe munyika. At refu muna vakavashaiwa zvingaitika:

• nemusoro, dzungu;
• kufenda;
• svoto;
• kushaya hope;
• Zviratidzo kuneta;
• kutsamwa ari mucous membranes;
• kupfupika mweya;
• kurwadza kwemajoini uye nevamwe.

"Bad" Apartment

Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti hutano Kuipa vanhu (kutsamwa ako, ganda, rokumusoro kufema turakiti, nomusoro, kurukutika, hope chainetsa) runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo murombo unhu inhaled mhepo iri musha. In pave zvivako ano rakavharwa kuti 300 akadaro makemikari, mites, siyana endotoxins anoumba, chichiwedzera wevasungwa kuti radon. Kunze dzose apa, munhu mukamuri zvazvinoita remagetsi minda veimba midziyo yemagetsi mwaranzi (makombiyuta, microwaves) uye radionuclides kubva zvokuvakisa. Zvinhu izvi kukonzera "sick chivakwa chirwere".

Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kana mufurati usabuda remba, makatsemuka pamadziro, akaputsika kudziyisa nyasha pokumuka mapoka nemaziso notumwe, vane spores muchetura. In zvivako yechando chinowanzoonekwa kupiswa kuti muchidziisa negasi, vane zvinogadzirwa combustion vari kuchengeteka.

Njodzi zvinhu

Zvinokuvadza, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, mhepo kupinda namahwindo kwakavakirwa, haagoni kunyange kuverengwa. Muna 1971 zvakanzi akambochera mazita zvine maatomu akafanana zviri uwandu mashanu hurumende ichiisa zvokuvakisa. To musi, yekudyidzana kuwedzera Polymers akashandiswa pakuvaka itsva zvivakwa, kugadzira uye Kupedzwa zvivako yaivapo. Hatigoni kukanganwa pamusoro kukurukurirana pamusoro makemikari izvi, zvimwe kusimbisa nemumwe chiito.

mushonga irritants

Munyika yose, "chivakwa kurwara chirwere" achabatsirwa zvaikosha ezvoupfumi nezvinhu, sezvo zvaida kuti vaite matanho, kubata vanhu, kubhadhara kuchipatara. Zvisinei, varidzi zhinji pachavo kuumba zvisingafadzi. ezvinhu, kuedza kuti vanonzi "gadziridzo" nokushandiswa muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari. zvinhu akadaro hazvo pasi pehurumende utsanana-epidemiological kuongororwa uye kushanda navo anoteererwa pasi akanaka ezvinhu (mvura kana mhepo chaiyo makamuri simulation). In zvakawanda kuoma upenyu.

The kupfuura zvinokuvadza zvinoumba mhepo wemahofisi nemafurati vari formaldehyde uye phenol. Wevasungwa dzimba dzokutanga kunobva saturation Polymers Improvement (itsva fanicha Chipboard anogadzirwa pachishandiswa urea uye phenol-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti). formaldehyde mabviro ndiye gasi uye kukwana combustion zvigadzirwa. Chimwe chokutanga mutumwa ari mazita mhepo Zvinosvibisa ndiyo styrene, iyo anosunungurwa kubva kuputira zvinhu uye vamwe mvura nemishonga wallpaper. Linoleum, varnishes, pendi, adhesives, zvokufembedzwa muri manyuko benzene, xylene, toluene.

Saka, mubvunzo ndewokuti mune mudzimba "sick chivakwa chirwere", tinogona zvakachengeteka kupindura - avo umo:

• Richishandiswa yakawanda epurasitiki zvinhu (mahwindo, rwoga ceilings, PVC ukomba);
• fenicha itsva haina kuitwa dzinongoerekana nezvinhu;
• uriri akafukidzwa linoleum (murwi nemakapeti akagadzirwa chakagadzirwa, laminate);
• Zvakarurama kuputira, kuputira zvinhu ;
• Zvivako ichangobva pakugadzira makamuri.

ngozi Polymers

In kukura chirwere kukonzera kuti polymeric zvokuvakisa vari zvinowanzoshandiswa ano kuvakwa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi fenicha, uyewo pasi uye rusvingo yokufukidza. Kwete muduku nedanho kusvibiswa mhepo akabvisa fodya utsi uye combustion zvibereko negasi. Unowanikwa kuti utachiona zvinyorwa uye voga mamwe makemikari (semuenzaniso carbon monoxide) mukuvaka utano vane ngozi kupfuura pachena kumaruwa.

Kuvapo polymer zvinhu kunotungamirira chimiro kunofambira mberi magetsi. Izvi mberi Zvinoipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu mhepo munzvimbo kune vanhu nguva refu. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kudzivisa "chivakwa sick chirwere" rine kutanga ezvivako dzinogarwa. Fanira kuitwa kubva zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza pasipoti weimba imwe neimwe, uye anopa kudzora zvinhu zviri kuvakwa.

zvakawandisa mwando

Stone zvivako ndivo hwaro maguta akawanda. Somuenzaniso, maererano guión muna Petersburg 96,9% pekugara nharaunda raimiririra ibwe zvivako. Idzi dzinosanganisira: 48,7% of nzvimbo - chidhinha chivakwa, kunyanya pasina cladding, 14.8% - dzimba avaka pamberi Revolution.

The kwokutanga mwando pamwero masonry zvivako zviri 8-12%, asi nenguva, nhamba iyi aigona kuwedzera kakawanda. Nyanzvi rekodhi simukai achifumira nyorova ari wall kuti kukwirira mamita mashanu.

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva asi zvakaoma kufunga kuti mwando - yakanaka zvakatipoteredza vazhinji inokuvadza tusingaoneki. Makatsemuka mumadziro ndivo nemunhu ane unyoro uye kunokuvadza zvinhu (kusanganisira notumwe). Kuburikidza tsvakurudzo, vagari dzimwe dzimba pane "kurwara chivakwa chirwere". It Zvakazoitika, nokutsauka kuti microclimate parameters zvakaipisisa ikoko kana chivako zvidhina masvingo matatu nemakore, kureva apo kwomuviri kusakara vanenge 25%.

Foroma

High mwando une ngozi kwete pacharo, uye tupukanana tusingaoneki, nokutorera, kukura yakadaro. Somuenzaniso, muna Sweden normative mari microcell muforoma chakuvhe nyika iri indoor mhepo irege pfuura 174 dzakabatana. Ongororo dzakaratidza munyika yedu vakapfuura mufananidzo uyu 3-6 nguva.

Zvichakadaro, mumwe munhu ane mazhinji kugara munzvimbo utachiona uye pane "kurwara chivakwa chirwere". Pakusarudza panobva chacho rine chokuita huru Vhoriyamu basa - muhutongi notumwe kazhinji kugadzirisa kunzvimbo dziri kure, ari microcracks, pasi painoperera. Kana Foroma zviri pachena zvinoonekwa kuti kupfeka ziso, saka kamuri yairwara utachiona, uye kukunda kurwiswa uku kwakaoma chaizvo. Mugumisiro inhalation mhepo kwakasvibiswa spores angava diathesis, asima, nezvimwe zvinhu, kenza, womukati kukuvara nenyere.

"Sick Building Syndrome": utsanana kuti musha

Man haagoni kurarama pasina chikafu, mvura uye okisijeni. mhepo yakachena - kiyi utano. Vanhu vakawanda munyika yedu rinoitwa nezvivakwa mukati kusvika 90% nguva yavo. Kufanana nevanhu, mukamuri vanofanira noutsanana imwe mhando.

vavaki nomazvo vanoziva zvakawanda pamusoro "sick chivakwa chirwere" uye anogona kuudza izvo dzimba rinowanikwa kakawanda. Kazhinji, mhosva murombo kufefetedza, saka kwayo kuongorora kwaizotevera kurapwa yaifanira kugara. Murombo mhepo unhu kungaita kuti migumisiro zvakadai Kurwara, ziso nokushatiriswa hoarseness, chikosoro, ganda zvirwere, nomusoro, uye mukuru zvakawanda zvive.

Health - kwete chete chikonzero kuchenesa mhepo ducts. Ongorora maitiro ako kuti kufefetedza kuti zvinobata moto zvinhu (mafuta kubva mukicheni chitofu, nguvo dryers faibha) kunowedzera mukana moto. Saka, mamiriro kuchena mhepo zvichiongororwa inofanira kuitwa nguva dzose.

Zvinhu dzinotyora nzvimbo kufefetedza

Zvivako Most Russian ndezvaJehovha nguva apo mapurasitiki mahwindo hariko. Saizvozvowo, pakuvaka mitemo kufungawo pamberi microventilation kuwedzera Hoods mukicheni uye muimba yokugezera. Nemhaka "kufema" mhepo yemapuranga mapuranga paruvanze, mubhedhuru, vana aigara achiudza.

Installation pemahwindo epurasitiki kunogona kuderedza kupisa kurasikirwa uye kuvandudza soundproofing, asi chose "kubvisa" Micro-kufefetedza. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuwedzera mwando, somugumisiro, chakuvhuvhu inotungamirwa. Chokwadi, pane yemashoko mahwindo kuti zvinopa gasi Exchange, asi vatengi vakawanda akaisa "ndiko isingadhuri." Chipa mapurasitiki haisi chete kutyora kufefetedza, asi mimwe zvabudiswa dzinokuvadza namakemikari zvinoriumba.

Pakati zvinhu kuti kuvatadzisa kuti kufefetedza pamusoro kwakavakirwa, ichijekesa:

• Installation pemahwindo mapurasitiki, aiwedzerwa kuburikidza nekuisa mahwindo kaviri glazed pamusoro muvharanda.
• Pavanotsiva kwakajairika misuo ari jira gobvu pasina Makwanza "kushata".
• Insulation (chisimbiso) rwokunze.
• Replan ducts.
• Mhedziso muchoto njukura (uye vamwe midziyo neimba) zvakananga pokubuda napo.

mhepo filtration

Pane kwesayenzi negadziriso yakachengeteka indoor mhepo. Achangobuda kubudirira kugadzirisa matambudziko vari kushandiswa filters Somuenzaniso, High Security, 3G nevamwe. Vanokwanisa kukomba gaseous uye particulate Zvinosvibisa mudenga ducts, pasina kudikanwa kuzodzosera maronga kuti musha.

• High Security nokuti filtration kuti zvoutachiona uye namakemikari zvinoriumba.
• 3G Sefa chinoshandiswa kuchengetedza mhepo utano uye chokunyengera particulates duku mudenga, makemikari zvinhu, hachifadzi kunhuwirira.

"Green Building"

Misha ane murombo uye ngozi masayendisiti okunze kubuda rinokosha zita - "sick chivakwa chirwere". Kusiyana navo dzakabudirira kuwedzera vanonzi "uswa chivakwa." Izvi Muitiro anova kwakapararira kuMadokero. Stakeholders (vagadziri, vavaki, dzezvakatipoteredza, vanachiremba, inishuwarenzi makambani) vakaziva kuti tinogona kuvazve kunyarara nezvedambudziko racho.

Vanoongorora vanoti kudzikira mune utano vagari, kuderedza negoho vashandi muhofisi, kubhadhara inishuwarenzi kufukidza kubatsira kwazvinoita kushandisa kare zvaMambo mapurani uye zvakachipa zvokuvakisa. Panzvimbo DSP, Polymers uye pendi kuuya eco ushamwari zvinhu. The zvinodiwa itsva anoshanda kune pamasikiro uye kuvakwa kuitira yakavimbika kufefetedza uye mvura.

Mibvunzo kuramba kuongorora indoor ekunze. Parameters kwayo kudzikira chokuita kuti zera pakuvaka uye Kuipa mutoro-kubereka zvivako mumuviri. Dzakaonekwa coefficient kutsemuka zvidhina masvingo, iyo chacho unhu indoor okunze.

Uye Russia?

The vokuRussia akanzwa kupfuura vamwe, izvo zvinoreva kuti "sick chivakwa chirwere". Yakagozha ezvinhu, pamwe pakuvaka inokwanisika pekugara (kunyanya massively kwaiitwa muSoviet Union) kunge zvakapararira yakawanda nematambudziko zvaiita. The nyika zvechokwadi inoda redzimba mazuvaano. Kuti tidzivise dambudziko akadai "sick chivakwa chirwere", iro dzimba akanakisisa kugadzirisa?

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti musika wokuRussia akatotora pavakatambudzwa Western muitiro. Dzakabudirira zvinodiwa itsva kwezvakatipoteredza uye simba rinoponesa pfuma. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - zvivako zvitsva kushandisa misimboti "chivakwa zvakasvibirira", ane chikuru chinangwa - kuderedza nhamba (pamusoro upenyu kutenderera kuvaka) kusvika inokuvadza kwechirwere nzvimbo vomumuzinda utano uye zvakatipoteredza. Chikamu BREEAM uye LEED mitemo kuti kupatsanura zvivako munzvimbo "chivakwa zvakasvibirira" Mumwe unotsaurirwa chete indoor mhepo quality, uye utano uye kugara zvakanaka. Huru mhikuriso kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mugumisiro - kushandisa michina mitsva uye nzira pakuvaka, kusanganisira kuvakwa engineering rutsigiro mhinduro.

tarisiro

MuRussia, ari "chivakwa munyoro" kuri kuwedzera. The Real Estate musika avhareji mutengi - zviri vechidiki pasi pemakore 35, munguva ichangopfuura mhuri. Kwavari, rinokosha chokwadi mumisha yavo pachavo, havana kugadzirira kubhadhara yakawanda sverhkachestvo asi. Havasi kutya chivakwa sick urwere, kunyange kana totaura zvezvakatipoteredza uye ramangwana mari iri simba wedzerai. Asi sezvo imi munoziva, kana imwe nyika ine zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu zvoupfumi uye zvinodiwa pamusoro mararamiro vemo ichikura.

Greater kufarira "chivakwa zvakasvibirira" anoratidza basa, kunyanya kana totaura kuvaka, akadai nebhizimisi muzinda vayo zvinodiwa. Panyaya iyi, mukana tichengetedze kushanda kusvika 40% pachidiwa yakaderera payback nguva iri oupfumi zvinopfuura runodiwa hurongwa uye ruzivo (kumativi 10-12 years) rakanyatsojeka rinokosha nguva kuti akangwara investor.