Vanhu vanofungidzira vedzinza raDao naAeneas, avo vakazova vatsigiri ve opera inoshamisa yezita iro

Vane mavhundumu enhema zveDaio naAeneas vakakurudzira kufunga kwevaGiriki vekare neVaRoma chete, asiwo vanhu vekupedzisira vanopera. Rudo rwenyaya, rwakaimbwa naHomer naViriil, rwakaramba ruchiverengwa uye ruchidzokororwa nematambudziko ekare. Mariri, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona nhamba yekodhekisi yenguva yemberi Punic Wars. Dante Alighieri akashandisa nhau yaAeneas naDaio nokuda kwekuvaka kwake kunamata muThe Divine Comedy. Asi akakudza murume nomudzimai wezvinyorwa achiri chimiro chomuBaroque chinyorwa Henry Purcell. Achishandisa Virgil's "Aeneid", Naum Tate akanyora hurukuro. Nokudaro, muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi17, opera inoshamisa yakaonekwa mumabasa matatu - Dido naAeneas. Ndiani Dido naAeneas? Vanamwari? Kwete, hazvisi. Asi kwete zvinyorwa zvekare. Aya mavhunduka akabuda munhema uye akava nhoroondo.

Nhoroondo yeAeneas

Murondedzeri mukuru wekare, Homer, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechisere BC, mubasa rake rakawanda rakashanda "The Iliad" rakaunza pakati peimwe mufananidzo weAeneas. Uyu mwanakomana wemwarikadzi wekunakisa Aphrodite uye mambo wepasi weva darshans Anhis akasiya Troy moto uye akafamba nevarume vake pamusoro pegungwa kwezvikepe makumi maviri. Bhuku ramakumi maviri reIridad rinotsanangura ruponeso rwake. Akaponesa kubva muguta rakaparadzwa kwete chete mudzimai wake, Kirispusi uye mwanakomana waYul, asiwo baba vekare, vachiitakura pamusana wake. Hellenesi, nekuremekedza chiito ichi, chakarasika. Zvisinei, vamwe vanyori vekare vanopa mavara akasiyana ezvinyorwa zveAeneas. Leskh anorondedzera kuti gamba renyengeri rakaitwa sei neNeoptolem. Arctin anotenda kuti Aeneas akabva Troy asati atorwa. Gellanik, Lutatsi Daphnis naMenecrat Xanthii vaidavira kuti ndiye iye akaisa guta kune vaAchaeans. Chero chii chaiva, kuwira kwaTroy kwakashanda sechikonzero chekufamba kwenguva refu kwerudzi rwevaradhi. Dutu regungwa rakafambisa zvikepe kumhenderekedzo yeCarthage. Nokudaro, ndokusangana nemambokadzi weDailyo naAeneas. Nhema inotaura kuti vakawira murudo. Asi Aeneasi, achiteerera kuda kwavanamwari, vakaramba vakatendeka kumabasa ake. Akafanirwa kusimbisa umambo hweRatin. Kuti arege kuzvitambudza iye uye mudikanwi wake anodikanwa kwenguva refu, akasiya Carthage pachivande. Dido, paakadzidza nezvekufamba kweAeneas, akarayirwa kuvhara pyre yemariro. Ipapo akarasa zvinhu zvemudiwa wake ipapo ndokuzvikanda mumoto.

Version ya Virgil

Kuna Homer, Dido naAeneas ndivo vechipiri makarosi. Mumwe mudetembi wechiRoma Virgil anonyanya kutarisa masimba echigamba uye rudo rwavo nyaya. Mufambisi wengarava, akaputirwa muchidzitiro chemhepo, umo mai vake, mwarikadzi Venus, vakamupfekedza, vakapinda muCarthage. Anoona vahosi vakaisvonaka uye kuti iye ane ushamwari kune nhengo dzeboka rake. Zvino ndiye iye. PaMutambo Cupid, kutora maitiro evanakomana vaAeneas, Yulia, vanomhanyisa pamusoro peDoo uye vanobvisa museve wavo zvakananga pamwoyo. Kubva ichi Queen Queen inowira mukuda neHatori hero. Asi mufaro wavo hauna kuramba kwenguva refu. Gore rakatevera vanamwari vakatumira Mercury kuti vayeuchidze Aeneasi nezvebasa rake - kuenda kuItaly uye kusimbisa umambo hutsva. Izvozvi, izvo, maererano nemafungiro ekare, hazvigone kuchinjwa, akagadzirira Aeneas kuroora Lavinia, mukunda weLatina. Kuti varege kunzwa zvinonzwika zvaDaio, Aeneas anomusiya paakanga akarara. Waking up, vahosi mukushushikana vanomhanyira mumoto unopisa. Achiona utsi hwakasviba huchikwira kumusoro, Aeneas anonzwisisa chikonzero chacho, uye mwoyo wake unoshuva. Asi anotevera zvaanoda.

Magamba haafi

Nyaya inofadza yerudo nemagumo anorwadza haana kukanganwika nekuwa kweMambo hweRoma. Ovid Nason akanyora "Tsamba yaDaio kuna Aeneas" (Heroes VII). Uyu murume nemudzimai vakave vanyori vakazova vanhu vakuru muPseudo-Euripides dambudziko "Res". Dido naAeneas vanotaurwa mundima dzakawanda dzepakati pepakati dzokunyora. Uye kana vaRoma vakatenda nekuzara kwakakwana semadzitateguru avo chete kune vaifambisa mugwagwa, vaSpain vanofunga kuti muvambi wavo saMambo weCarthage. Saka, zvishoma, zvinoratidzwa munhoroondo ye 1282 naMambo Alfonso X "Estoria de Espanna".

Zvematongerwe enyika kudzokorora zvakare

Muna 1678, munyori wechechi yeBrithani ainzi Naum Tate akanyora mutambo weBrutus weAlba, kana Enchanted Lovers, uyo akazova musimboti we opera naG. Purcell "Dido naAeneas". Iko kusununguka kunoshandura zvachose nyaya yerudo uye inoita yaro zvirevo zvezvematongerwo enyika ezviitiko panguva yeChirungu King James II. Ndiye munyori wake anoderedza mufananidzo weAeneas. Didon, maererano naTate, vanhu veBritish. Munyori wechitamba anotanga zvitsva zvisingagonekwi ku Virgil. Uyu ndiye Witch uye vatsigiri vake varoyi. Pasi pavo, Tate zvinoreva Papa uye Chechi yeKaturike. Izvi zvisikwa zvakaipa zvinotora kuonekwa kweMemeri uye zvinorayira mambo kuti atengese vanhu vavo.

"Dido naAeneas": opera Purcell

Basa iri rinofungidzirwa seimwe yemabasa akanaka emuimbi weBaroque. Nhamba yepakutanga yakanga isina kuchengetedzwa, uye pakutanga kwezana remakore gumi nemasere, yakava nekushanduka kwakawanda (mimhanzi yepurogiramu, mitambo yakasiyana-siyana uye kuguma kwechiitiko munzvimbo iyi yakapera). Iri ndiro basa rega rePurcell kunze kwekukurukurirana mazano. Kwenguva yokutanga opera yakaitwa pachirongwa chechechi ye Women's Boarding School muLondon. Izvi zvakaita kuti vatsvakurudzi vemimhanzi vane kodzero yekudavira kuti Purcell akaita nemaune baroque yake chikwata, achichigadzirisa kuti zviitwe nevasikana vechikoro. Nyaya dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa kubva kune opera ndiyo aria "Ah, Belinda" uye rwiyo rwemugungwa. Asi iyo yakakosha zvikuru, yakabatanidzwa muhomwe yeyamimhanzi yenyika, yaiva "Kuchema Dido." Nechikepe chevanodikanwa, mambokadzi weCarthagine anokumbira kuti cupid ipararire paguva rake yakasimuka, seine unyoro sekuda kwake. Kuchema kwaDaio - aria "Pandinoiswa pasi" - inoitwa gore negore rekupedzisira kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, pamutambo unoitika kuWhitehall.

Yan naYin mukududzirwazve kwaJoseph Brodsky

Muna 1969, yeSoviet Justice parasite, uye nokuda kwenyika yose - munyori mukuru akanyora nhetembo "Dido naAeneas". Brodsky mairi zvinongoratidzika zvakananga nezvepfungwa yenhema yakatozivikanwa. Anonyanya kusimbisa ndekufunga pamusoro pekurwisana kwemashoko pakati pevarume - vanoshingaira uye vanoshingaira - kutanga, Jan, uye nekunzwa, Yin yevakadzi. "Murume mukuru" Aeneas mukutsvaga kwake kuti awane mari yakawanda kubva kuna Dido. Uye nokuda kwake nyika yose, zvose zvakasikwa zvinongova kuda kwake. Anoda kumutevera, asi haagoni. Izvi zvinoshanduka kuva kutambudzika uye rufu nokuda kwake.