Sei nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu kutaura. Chiperengo uye declination pamusoro zvisazitasingwi. Basa zvisazitasingwi muna Russian

Chisazitasingwi - mumwe kuzvimirira zvikamu kutaura. chirongwa chikoro kudzidza kwake vanopfuura mumwe chidzidzo unodzingwa. Munyaya ino, isu tichati kudzidza nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu kutaura. Asi asati kuti, ngatitaurei zvishoma pamusoro chisazita uye tsanangura yayo inokosha zvivakamutauro features, sezvo pasina ruzivo urwu kuti kuongorora zvizere haangavi zvinobvira.

Uyewo, tinoedza pave algorithm kuti kuongorora chikamu chino kutaura uye kupa muenzaniso kunzwisisa nyaya yacho zviri nani uye zvigare ruzivo rwenyu. Uyewo anomutsa mubvunzo pamusoro syntactic basa zvisazitasingwi mumutsetse, uye kubhadhara zvishoma pfungwa nyaya yakadai chinokosha sezvo chiperengo zvisazitasingwi.

tsananguro

Chisazitasingwi - yakazvimirira chikamu rwokutaura, anopindura mubvunzo "? Uyo", "Ko", "Ko", "? Waani", "sei", "sei", "? Kana", "? Kupi" Uyezve, chikamu ichi kutaura anoreva zvinhu, avo unhu, kana nhamba, asi haitauri zita navo. Zvisazitasingwi vane zvinhu zvakadai muchikwata, munhu, nhamba, munhui, nyaya.

In mutauro wokuRussia basa zvisazitasingwi rakanyatsojeka kukosha. Mashoko anotaura chikamu chino kutaura? Vari pakati zvikuru kushandiswa. Vanobatsira kudzivisa kuburitsa mufananidzo, zvinobudirira kutsiva mashoko ari murugwaro pamusoro zvisazitasingwi, ipai kuratidza ruvara (somuenzaniso, achitsiva "Ini" kuti "isu" mumagwaro zvesayenzi, kutsvinya kana kureva yaizivikanwa vanhu "iwe" uye zvichingodaro. D. ). Uye ichi hachisi mazita manyorero zviri chikamu ichi kutaura zvizere. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pachikoro zvidzidzo anofungawo kushandisa pachavo zvisazitasingwi. Yakarongerwa pachiitwa ichi, umo mwana anodzidza mitemo anoreva neshamwari dzavo uye vakuru. Somuenzaniso, achinyorera tsamba mumwe uye navadzidzisi vavo enzaniso, murwiyo ari Nhaurirano zvisazitasingwi "iwe" uye "imi."

Mabviro

Tisati tataura pamusoro sei kuti kunze chisazita sechikamu kutaura, vanoti mashoko mashoma pamusoro wayo mavambo. Zvisazitasingwi zvaizivikanwa mumutauro Proto-necheSalvic uye kushandiswa zvikuru chaizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu ichi kutaura yakaumbwa kunyange asati kuparadzana Proto-necheSalvic mutauro wokuRussia. Kana iwe uzive nhoroondo girama, zviri pachena kuti zvose zvisazitasingwi vane midzi yekare, inopfurwa kwenguva refu, uye panguva ino isu hatifaniri kumirira replenishment zvikamu kutaura ane mashoko matsva. Words zvisazitasingwi zvachose kwete kushanduka maitiro avo uye inzwi kwemazana emakore.

chikamu

Kana uchida kudzidza nekukatanura chisazita, chokutanga unofanira kuva nezvemadzimambo zvachiri uye discharges. Mutauro Russian ane 9 nhonga zvisazitasingwi. Mumwe ane pachake kukosha kwayo.

• Personal zvisazitasingwi dzinotaura zvakananga kuvanhu uye zvinhu.
• Mari tiri reflexivo chisazitasingwi "pachangu", iro rinoshandiswa uchatamisa chinangwa chiito panhau, rinova ndiro chiito uye anoita.
• Possessive zvisazitasingwi zvinoratidza kuti chinhu chomumwe imwe munhu kana chinhu.
• With zvomuenzaniso zvisazitasingwi anogona kutaridzwa nhamba kana wemasaini.
• Attributive zvisazitasingwi dzinoratidza chiratidzo munhu kana chinhu.
• Interrogative zvisazitasingwi - zvakafanana mubvunzo mashoko. Dzinotaura kwete chete kune vanhu asiwo kune nyaya kana dzavo nezviratidzo, nhamba.
• Nokuti hama zvisazitasingwi ndiwo zvakafanana mubvunzo, asi basa ravo ndiko kuisa zvidimbu mitsetse yakaoma.
• Negative zvisazitasingwi anoratidza hapana chiratidzo kana chinhu.
• Nokusingagumi zvisazitasingwi kunoratidza zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira zvinhu kana zvavo unhu.

Kana uchida kuti kuongorora zvisazitasingwi sezvo zvikamu pakutaura, pamberi katsamba iyi pamwe digits patafura. Zviri nani kuti adzidze rive keepsake.

Munhu, nhamba uye munhui

Panguva pachavo zvisazitasingwi kusiyanisa zvakadai zvakakurumbira sezvo kumeso. vatatu chete vanhu: wokutanga, wechipiri newechitatu. "Ini" rinoreva wokutanga. Chechipiri - "iwe", yechitatu - "iye," "iye," "ivo". Zvisazitasingwi akakamurwa chiso, kwete chete risiri, asi vazhinji.

Saka, tiri namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, chii kuti chisazitasingwi mhando uye chii ayo zvechigarire zviratidzo. Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro zviratidzo dzisiri zvachose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuverenga zvisazitasingwi. Vazhinji vavo vanogona kuva muchimiro choumwe siyana. Uyewo, vamwe vanozvarwa.

mhosva

Zviri kucherechedza zviripo kuti zvose zvisazitasingwi sezvo emazita, adjectives uye sezviverengo zvinogona kuchinjwa pamusoro nyaya. Declination pamusoro zvisazitasingwi kwakafanana emazita. Pakadaro, kana vari kutsiva zvimwe zvikamu pakutaura, zvisazitasingwi vanogona kuvimba nemibvunzo kwechikamu ichi kutaura. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti reflexivo chisazita haana chimiro ari nominative nyaya. Haufaniri kuva nominative chimiro uye mashoko akadai sokuti "hapana" uye "hapana". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti haana kurerekera chisazitasingwi "akadaro" uye "chii" uye "munhu" uye "chinhu".

chiperengo zvisazitasingwi

Usati nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu kutaura, uye kutaura pamusoro chiperengo. Kune akawanda mitemo dzinokosha kuti vanofanira kuziva. Havasi dzakaoma sezvo zvingaita Pakutanga, asi avo kushandiswa kuchaita kuverenga kwako.

• Chokutanga, kana ari oblique zviitiko zviri zvisazitasingwi rechitatu munhu aripo kwokutanga n-, inoshandiswa chirevamwene chisazitasingwi. Somuenzaniso: ane navo.
• Nokusingagumi zvisazitasingwi anoshandiswa nevasiri kuvhunduka chivakashure. Somuenzaniso: mumwe munhu, chinhu.
• Nezvimedu-kana, lehmä, rimwe zuva-ipapo nguva dzose vakaparadzana pedyo hyphen. Somuenzaniso: mumwe munhu, chinhu.
• Kuri kuti pakati PARTICIPLE uye lehmä chisazitasingwi vanofanira kupembedza mutsara uyu wakanyorwa yoga namashoko matatu. Somuenzaniso: Vamwe vanhu vane.
• Kana akaipa zvisazitasingwi, ipapo kunogona kuvhunduka kunyaradzana vasiri uye unstressed - ni-. Somuenzaniso: hapana, hapana.

Sezvaunogona kuona, mitemo iyi haasi akawanda uye vari nyore kuyeuka. Kana usina chokwadi zvakarurama chiperengo ane chisazitasingwi, unogona kugara achiongorora kushandisa anokosha emirayiridzo chiperengo kana chiperengo maduramazwi.

syntactic basa

Chokupedzisira chinhu unofanira kuziva usati funga kuti nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu kutaura - ndiwo ayo syntactic basa mutongo. Somunhu noun, mumwe chisazitasingwi anogona kushumira chero syntactic basa. Kakawanda iri nyaya, pakupindura mubvunzo pamusoro nominative mhosva. Cherechedza kuti chisazitasingwi chokuti "pachake" pasi haagoni kuva.

Uyewo, chisazita chingava chechipiri chikuru mutongo - Predicate. Muchiitiko chino, mubvunzo "chii?" kana "chii?", "chii?" kana "Ndiwe aniko?" Anosangana chikamu ichi kutaura, uye wedzera-mibvunzo, tsanangudzo uye kunyange ezvinhu.

Sezvaunogona kuona, chisazita anogona kuita chero nhengo mazano, uye kutsiva chimwe aizviti akazvimirira mukukurukurirana.

Zvinofanira parsing

Saka, takawana zvose zviratidzo zvisazitasingwi, uye iwe zvino unogona kutaura zvakananga sei nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu kutaura. We zano kushandisa inotevera parsing algorithm:

1. Nyora chisazita.

2. Tine kusarudza mubvunzo kuti izvozvo anotii.

3. Sarudza zvinoyerera.

4. Nyora kwokutanga chimiro zvisazitasingwi.

5. Sarudza kumeso.

6. Sarudza nhamba.

7. Kana zvichibvira, tinofanira kuziva nhangemutange.

8. Sarudza nyaya.

9. Tinoona vanhu syntactic basa mashoko mumutsetse.

Ndicho algorithm yose. Sezvaunogona kuona, hapana kuoma iri kuongorora zvisazitasingwi kwete.

chinhu chidzidzo

Kuti zvijeke, ari kuongorora zvisazitasingwi kuita sechikamu kutaura chikumbiro: "Ini ndapepuka runako kunonoka."

1. "Ini" - chisazita.

2. Mubvunzo unoti, "Ndiani?"

3. buditsa - pachedu.

4. kwokutanga chimiro - "I".

5. Munhu - wokutanga.

6. Number - chete.

7. Rod - hazvigoni kutsunga

8. Rufu - nominative.

9. The syntactic basa - pasi.

Zvino zvatakurukura kwete chete chiperengo zvisazitasingwi asiwo murayiro Ongororo yavo, huru zviratidzo.

In mhedziso

Chisazitasingwi - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikamu rwokutaura mutauro Russian, izvo mibvunzo emazita, sezviverengo, adjectives uye rinoratidza chinhu kana chiratidzo chacho, panguva imwe chete asingadi zita naye. Zvisazitasingwi vakakamurwa muzvikamu kubudikidza kukosha, vane zvivakamutauro features, somunhu, munhui, nhamba, nyaya, uye rinogona kushandurwa pamusoro nyaya. The zvakataurwa anogona kuita chero syntactic basa. Takadzidzawo nzira nekukatanura chisazita sechikamu pakutaura, makasimbiswa Maitiro kuti parsing uye kunyange vakaita kuongorora chisazita "I". Tinovimba ino yave richishanda kwauri.