Russian mabhuku 14-15 emakore

Nepo akaswedera apogee yeNorthern Renaissance, zvikuru pasi iri padanho pave Russian unyanzvi uye mabhuku zvaibudirira rokuItari mutsika uye mabhuku High Renaissance, uye kuchamhembe Europe, muGermany uye Holland.

In iri 14-15th emakore Russian kwavabati chete vakatanga kuzunungusa kubva pamafudzi avo madota refu uye kurwadza wechiTatar-Mongol joko. Hazvishamisi, nguva ino zvishoma wakasiyana mabhuku Makoronike Dark Ages.

Russian mabhuku Early

Medieval Literature ukuru Russian kunyanya ine yaMakoronike, zvakawanda zviri kusazivikanwa, uye upenyu yavatsvene. The zvokuudzwa zvavo mabhuku Ages Russia kwaisanganisira dzechembere uye nziyo. Literature 14-15 emakore, ukuwo, chinosanganisira mabhuku nemumuromo, yaMakoronike uye Lives. In yechipiri yezana remakore rechi15, izvozvo kufarira ngano vatorwa uye kubasa.

Nomuromo okugadzira zvinhu (kana ngano) - munhu seboka chevarwere unyanzvi, takabva nomuromo. Ngano transmits tsika uye maonero vanhu, nokusika nemamwe mifananidzo uye majana chomutsara. Pakati zvikuru Genres ose Russian zvavo uri chaiyo simba pamusoro pakuzadzisa mabhuku akanga epics, dzechembere nenziyo dzakaitika.

Genres kuti ngano

Kusiyana akanyorwa mabhuku, chakanga monotonous uye akapotsa zvachose dzisinganamati, mabhuku nemumuromo pamusoro 14-15 mazana emakore Russia yakanga izere zvakasiyana-siyana uye Genres. Kuti apukunyuke mabasa enzvimbo tsika dzokudetemba, epos, rengano, uye chokwadi, kuzivikanwa zvirevo, mashoko, kusetsa, uye lullabies.

Bylina - yepakutanga Genre wokuRussia ngano, yepakutanga shanduro yacho umhare yakakura, izvo zvinoratidza zvechokwadi nhoroondo kuita uye vanhu. Epics kazhinji vaisanganisa ne zvinhu ingano uye exaggerates simba magamba.

Tales - vemungano nyaya kana epics, retold mumutauro nyore uye kuisa pfungwa imwe chiito kana Feat, zvine vengano nemashiripiti.

nziyo Historical - a Genre kuti ngano, akatora chimiro muzana remakore rechi14 uye rinomiririra rethinking yacho yakakura. Rinorumbidza kukosha munhau uye unhu chokuita navo.

akanyorwa mabhuku

Literature mazera 14-15 aiva akasiyana chimiro - mabasa ose, kusanganisira hombe yaMakoronike, zvemamongi nemaoko. Books vaiva vashoma, uye havana kushanda vasina rinoparadzirwa kunze kwechechi.

Kuwedzera kunzwisisa kukopa mapepa, mabhuku 14-15 emakore yokuRussia iri kushanda kwete watarisana pfungwa Copyright - chero mumongi, rewriting basa anogona kuwedzera kana kubvisa chikamu kuti panguva vaiona zvakakodzera. Saka, hapana basa zvakanyorwa pamberi pezana-remakore rechi16, vangadai zvakafanana mune nouya.

Nyanzvi zhinji uye nyanzvi chaiko vakafungidzira kuti zvimwe yaMakoronike vari kungoerekana seboka okugadzira zvinhu. Hwaro ichi ndicho mitauro uye manyorero kusawirirana mukati mumwe chete oparesheni. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete yaMakoronike, asi anorarama yavatsvene.

Genre kusachinja-chinja uye mupfungwa kukwana

mabhuku Russian 14-15 emakore, uye kunyange kusvika 17-18 emakore, kwakasimbiswa kwazvo conservatively. Mabhuku tsika uye magungano kunyora zvaida basa imwe Genre. Naizvozvo, manyorero uye Genre zvechadenga mabasa vakachinja kwete payakakurudzirwa, asi zvakanaka, sokunge zvichiitika kubva mumwe. Zvakanga wakaoma saka uye wakaoma mabhuku chechi vakava mupfungwa uye pedyo kuvanhu.

Tigume Tatar joko zvikuru akakatyamadza sezvo nyore murimi kana mhizha uye musayendisiti wainamata mumongi. In rimwe nokuchema, zvakajairika kurwadziwa uye kupanduka husingaperi akaberekwa mabhuku matsva Russian 14-15 emakore, chinayo yakaoma zvamarudzi mharidzo Makoronike upenyu mupfumi mutauro, uyewo mifananidzo uye nyika yemabviro.

Heritage mabhuku okutanga

Kufanana chiKristu, kunyora, uye mabhuku akasvika zvemisoro Russian kubva kunze, izvi zvimwe nei nhoroondo yokutanga uye upenyu saka dzakafanana Byzantine uye saka ndezvokuti zvakasiyana kubva ngano. Apo mutauro yaMakoronike aiyanika uye kunzwisisa, chevarwere songs, Ngano uye epics, pasinei yemo, azere mifananidzo yakajeka uye zvakachengetwa nyore.

zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye nevatsoropodzi, kunyanya Slavophiles uye vatsigiri pfungwa dzavo, funga kuti mabhuku Russian dzazvino, kusanganisira ndarama kwaro kutsumwaira, dzinowana mavambo ayo kwete chete yokusiyana Russian mweya, kuti vatorwa, tisingatarisiri mubatanidzwa yakaoma mutsara chokwadi, zvakadzama umwari uye akapfuma yemifananidzo mabhuku yekare. Chokwadi kuti muzana remakore rechi11 paiva neremwana, sezvo denga nenyika, ari 14-15 emakore akanga zvakasiyana.

Mabhuku mangwanani ndiro tsime akawanda Russian mweya. National pfungwa, nyika uye tsika yepakutanga, zvose chinosiyanisa nhasi mabhuku Russian, akauya kubva pakutanga chaizvo emakore ivepo. Kuti mabhuku 14-15 emakore rwakagadzirira nzira dzechembere guru Pushkin, Gogol incredible nyaya uye nhetembo pamusoro Lermontov, izvo zvaizoitawo aiva okukura simba nezveramangwana Russian tsika.