Princess Anne Leopoldovna: pfupi Biography uye ushe

Njodzi mukadzi uyu zvikuru zvaisiririsa. Muzukuru yeRussian chevaux Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna chete kwenguva duku mubati mukuru wehurumende munyika - Russia. Akafa paakanga ava nemakore chete makumi maviri nemanomwe, uye vokupedzisira ndaona maziso ake - ichi chiduku hwindo nhete imwe imba, iyo yakava mujeri nokuti, uye haawanzotauri kuonekwa kubva shure makore kuzosunungura yaisazoraramika kuchamhembe denga. Izvi kwaiva mugumisiro yamambo nevapanduki, zvakazoita kuti mwanasikana akakwira choushe Peter I - Elizaveta Petrovna.

The wechiduku John V mugari wenhaka

Tisati tatanga kutaura ani Anna Leopoldovna munhau yeRussia, zvinofanira kujekeswa chii ukama nazvo kuna Romanovs imba. Zvakaratidza kuti chinonyanya zvakananga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubvira 1682 kusvika 1696 panguva Russian choushe akagara vaviri chete Changamire - Peter I uye mukoma wake Johane V, uyo aiva nevanasikana shanu: Mary, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya naAnna. Ekupedzisira kuchava 1730, ari Empress uye uchatonga kwemakore gumi. Mumwe mukadzi, mwanasikana waJohani V, Catherine, amai heroine nyaya yedu - mutongi ramangwana, iyo regent Anne Leopoldovna, izvo saka ane dzakazara mumiririri kutonga Imba Romanov. Somugumisiro, mwanakomana wake Ivan aiva zvose kodzero chigaro.

Akaberekwa Anna Leopoldovna December 18, 1718 mune duku muguta wokuGermany Rostock. baba vake aiva Karl Leopold Duke pamusoro Mecklenburg-neSchwerin, uye namai vake, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, wokuRussia John mwanasikana V wacho, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. Mune mutongi yemberi Russia akauya apo iye aiva nemakore mana, uye pano akabvuma Orthodoxy. Amai vake aiva muzukuru anodiwa aitonga makore Empress Anny Ioannovny, uye iye ndinovachengeta akarerwa, mabasa mumwe dzepamusorosoro kwokufananidzira Academy of Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Kubva 1731, akatanga zvidzidzo ake, asi ivo rwakatora makore mana chete, sezvo muna 1735-ndipo paiva kudanana nyaya yakaguma basa rake.

Maiden kuti achikudza uye vanomanikidzwa muchato

In guru roumambo idzva Saxon nhume yakasvika - Count Moritz Carl Linar. Iyoyi European akanaka panguva iyoyo aiva makore makumi matatu namatatu, uye jaya Princess Anne Leopoldovna kudanana pasina mundangariro. chipangamazano wake Kondraty Ivanovich ari kuziva uye zvakasimba pave kukura yokufungidzira. Munguva pfupi pakanga runyerekupe pamusoro zvichibvira muchato. Asi dambudziko iri kuti Anna akanga atova pamutemo murume - Duke Anton Ulrich, uyo vakasarudza izvozvo, rinotungamirirwa voruzhinji kufarira, asi Empress. Kudzidza pamusoro vaizviita kuda muduku nemuzukuru, Russian autocrat akatsamwa, uye akatuma mutumwa-munyengeri kubva Russia, uye ane zvaakaitawo kuti chivande - Kondrati Ivanovich - kubviswa pazvigaro. Zvisinei, nyaya haisi pamusoro asi, asi kukurukura ichi anoenderera mberi.

Makore mana pashure zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa akatora nzvimbo muchato Anny Leopoldovny pamwe saka asingachadiwi nomukomana wake - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke pamusoro Brunswick-Lüneburg. Mhemberero vakazvitsaurira kuna chiitiko ichi, vaisiyana zvinoshamisa zvokushamisira, uye rakaitirwa huru vanhu. Panguva muchato rokuonekana shoko akati Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - murume akatongerwa kuridza inokosha basa rechitendero uye enyika upenyu munyika panguva yaitonga Elizabeth. Kwapera gore, vaviri vacho vechiduku vaiva mwanakomana, panguva Ivan chakazonzi rubhabhatidzo.

Mugumo rokutonga Anny Ioannovny

Yakanga 1740. Munhoroondo Russian, chaakapiwa dzinoverengeka zviitiko zvinokosha, inokosha iyo yaiva rufu Empress Anny Ioannovny, yakauya 17 (28) kuti October. In zvaanoda, akarondedzera mugari wenhaka pachigaro, achangoberekwa mwanakomana Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, mumwe regent kwaari kugadza chaanodisisa Ernsta Ioganna Biron. Paaizosvika zvakakodzera zera muduku mugari wenhaka aizova tsars Russian John VI.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, sezvo mwanasikana chevaux Ivan ari V, uyo akafa Empress kwazvo kuvenga munun'una wake Peter I uye zvose masimba inoshora, munhu vanakomana vake vakatora pamusoro pechigaro choushe. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zviri kuda kwake yakati kuti iri chiitiko rufu mugari wenhaka rokuti kodzero korona inopfuura mwana wake kufarira muzukuru rinotevera-dangwe - Anna Leopoldovna. About vanhu vaida pambiru regent vaduku Emperor akanga asina mubvunzo. Vakanga vava yake yaaida refu - Biron.

Asi mugumo angadai akasarudza kudaro. Chaizvoizvo kubva pamazuva rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe iye raishorwa, dzikarongwa kumativi vabereki mugari wenhaka zviduku. Paiva rangano kupidigura risingadiwi kuti vanhu vari duku mushandi. At musoro mvumo aiva murume Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Zvisinei, unoranganawo vakanga vakaipa, uye nokukurumidza vavariro dzavo pakuzivikanwa kuna Office avakuru chakavanzika A. I. Ushakovu. tenzi uyu kuuraya murume zvakakwana sagacious uye ruchifanoona zvichibvira nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba, yakanga kungogumira ndechokuti chete pamutemo "kumutsamwira" unoranganawo.

vakazodzingwa pfupi mushandi

Zvisinei, kutonga Biron yakanga kuzoparara. Pausiku November 9, 1740 mu mubhedhuru, apo akazorora norugare regent wake, mukova wakazaruka payakakurudzirwa. Akabatana boka ravarwi, akatungamirirwa Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, munhu akapika muvengi Biron uye mutsigiri Anna Leopoldovna. Aimbova kufarira-simba rose, achiona zvaisanganisira, ndakaziva kuti izvi ndiwo mugumo, uye kwete kushandisa kutya, crawled pasi pemubhedha, kuva nechokwadi kuti aizourayiwa. Zvisinei, akanga asina kururama. Regent aiswe sleigh uye aendeswe brig.

Nokukurumidza uchiteverwa dare umo Biron ari kupomerwa mhosva dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda vavo vakanga tega. The mutongo kunoenderana zvizere mweya nguva - quartering. Zvisinei, kana murombo chakamuka, akanzwa kuti akazivisa ruregerero, uye mutongo kuchatsiviwa nezve Pelym raiva zviuru zvitatu emakiromita kubva St. Petersburg. Asi ushe Empress Elizabeth vanodiwa madam amutamisa kuna Yaroslavl, uye pakupedzisira kukonzera Biron Peter III muguta guru, ndokumudzosera ose Medals uye insignia. In mamwe makore mashomanana, Catherine II akadzorera aimbova regent kodzero pamusoro vaiva naye kamwe ari Duchy pamusoro Courland.

The kuuya nesimba chidzoke ane kufarira ngozi

Saka, vanovengwa pfupi mushandi akanga adzingwa yamambo, uye hurumende bhodhi rakatorwa pamusoro naamai korona yomuchinda. Regent aiva Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs kuitisa worudzii mambo Johani V mutsetse, chakamboti akazviratidza pamusoro hurumende yeRussia. Pakutanga rakatevera 1741 mu musikana wacho upenyu aiva chiitiko romufaro; muna Petersburg akauya achangogadzwa Saxon nhume Carl Linar - yayo yekare uye ndisina nguva kuchitonhora pasi rudo. Pakarepo wokurera Anna Leopoldovna, akabva akava naye kufarira.

Sezvo mutongi akanga akaroora, zvino ukama hwake vaifanira kuva zvinoenderana zvimwe zvinodiwa. Linar vakagara muimba pedyo Summer Garden, apo panguva iyoyo aigara Summer Palace, Anna. Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti chikonzero kwakakwanira kuvapo kwake yamambo, iye akagadza wake anoda oberkamergerom. Nokukurumidza-soro tsitsi yapararira zvokuti ari kufarira akanga paakavapa maviri pamusoro mirairo Russian - Andreya Pervozvannogo uye Aleksandra Nevskogo. Nokuti izvo wakagamuchira dhigirii dzavo, dare aigona chete zvokufungidzira.

Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, Anna Leopoldovna akabvumira wake anoda kuti apindire munyaya chakakura ezvinhu munyaya uye haana kutora chero zvisarudzo pasina kubvunza naye. Kana murume connivance Linar akava anokosha pakurwisa bato dare, vachida kubatanidza Russia muna War of yeAustria Kwevaapostora. Mumakore iwayo, dzakawanda dzokuEurope vakaedza, vachizivisa mubvandiripo kuda yeAustria Emperor Charles VI, mundozvitorera pfuma yeimba Habsburg muEurope. maitiro iri Saxon nhume akaita Kusagutsikana pakati mukuru vakuru vaityira kuti chidzoke ane chiso itsva yake Biron.

Kuparadzana Linar

Kuti zvimwe yokunyengera adopts gakava chisungo turnover, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, mushure zvose) aitofanira kuenda wemanomano, izvo, zvisinei, hapana aigona kuva anotsausa. Somuenzaniso, zviri muzhizha 1741 Linara hoops wake yomukati-murandakadzi nokukudzwa uye dzepedyo shamwari Baroness Juliana Mengden. Asi, achiva murume, iye, zvisinei, vakakoniwa pamutemo kupinda Russian basa, sezvo nyaya akaramba Saxony. Kuwana zvinhu zvakafanira mvumo, muna November wegore iroro Linar akaenda kuDresden.

Asati abva, ndiye munhu chiratidzo, Anna Leopoldovna akanyevera zvichibvira kuedza akakunda simba vatsigiri mwanasikana Peter I kwakaita Elizabeth. Zvisinei, akanga achienda kudzokera nokukurumidza uye tora zvose pasi pesimba. Pakubva, havana kuziva kuti shoko bhayibhayi nokusingaperi. Apo agamuchira aida mvumo kubva hurumende Saxony, Linar muna November wegore iroro, akadzokera St. Petersburg, ipapo mu Königsberg akanga akamirira kunzwa kusungwa Anny Leopoldovny uye accession kuti chigaro Elizabeth. vakaipisisa zvaaitya riitike ...

Mwanasikana Peter musoro Guard

Kubvuta masimba d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba vakatora nzvimbo pausiku November 25 (December 6) muna 1741. Panguva iyoyo, huru simba enyika kwairatidzwa Peter reVarindi Mukuru. Kukwanisa Enthrone uye kubvisa naye, iye ainzwa simba rayo February 1725. Zvadaro musi bayonets ayo akauya simba, chirikadzi Peter I - Catherine I. Zvino, kushandisa chokwadi kuti Anna Leopoldovna, izvo vaimutswa kwakapararira kusagutsikana pamwe ushe, kurerutsa simba cheVarindi, Elizabeth akakwanisa akwezve parutivi rwayo yaiva St. Petersburg Preobrazhensky hondo.

On kuti yenhamo usiku nokuti mutongi Russian-makore 31 runako Elizaveta Petrovna, achiperekedzwa mazana matatu namakumi masere grenadiers akaonekwa Winter Palace. Pasina misangano nemishonga kwese, vakasvika mubhedhuru, apo akazorora norugare Anna Leopoldovna nomurume wake. Kutya regent pakaziviswa pamusoro wayo pakaparadzwa uye kusungwa. The zvapupu chiitiko ichi akazoudza kuti Elizabeth akatora maoko muimba imwe uye vanopeputswa nokutsiurwa pakarepo mugari wenhaka ruzha-makore pachigaro, ugadzikane zvinyoronyoro: ". The nzwisa tsitsi mwana" Aiziva anodaro.

Nzira Cross zuro mutongi

Saka, mhuri Brunswick akanga asungwa, kusanganisira Anna Leopoldovna. Empress Elizabeth akanga asiri munhu utsinye murume. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga akanga kuti kutumira vasungwa vavo Europe uye shoma - saka, zvinenge, zvakanzi akati Manifesto, izvo akataura unozviidza Empress. Akadzima mambokadzi Anna Leopoldovna nemhuri kwave kwekanguva akatumira Riga Castle, uko akapedza gore iri kutarisira rusununguko yakapikirwa. Asi pakarepo idzva Winter Palace hositesi urongwa zvakachinja. Chokwadi kuti St. Petersburg rakawanikwa rangano, ane chinangwa chaiva ngaaparadze Erizabheti uye kusunungurwa chepamutemo mugari wenhaka Ivan Antonovich.

Zvakava pachena kuti mhuri Brunswick acharamba mureza zvose zvinobvira unoranganawo, nokudaro wabvunza imwe ngozi. The dambudziko Anny Leopoldovny racho ragadziriswa. Muna 1742, vasungwa zvaitambidzwa Dünamünde nhare (pedyo Riga), uye gare gare muna Renenburgskuyu nhare, raiva mudunhu Ryazan makore maviri. Asi kunyange pano havana kugara refu. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare vakauya soro chirevo kuzvitubu Arkhangelsk kumwe akapfigirwa mune Solovetsky wemamongi. Mumatsutso dambwadambwa, muna inonaya, Anna Leopoldovna nemhuri yake unoshungurudzika takaendeswa kuchamhembe.

Asi gore iroro mangwanani frosts uye chando anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri kunze chero mukana chaiyambukira Solovki. Vasungwa vakanga muNzvimbo Kholmogory, mumba yomunharaunda bhishopu, uye vigilantly kurindwa abvisa chero mukana kutaurirana chete kunze nyika. Pano ivo chete zvachose nomwanakomana wake uye mugari wenhaka. Ivan Antonovich kure navo uye akaisa mune chimwe chivako, uye gare gare vabereki vakanga vasiri nezvake chero nhau. Nokuti mukuru pakavanda kuduku Aimbova Emperor akarayirwa kuti kudana zita wenhema Gregory.

Rufu uye belated inokudza

Makore achangopfuura, unoshungurudzika uye vatsungirire, vasanyanya utano vakadzi vaduku. Vaimbove regent uye mutongi weRussia nesimba zvizere, akafa mujeri 8 (19) mu March 1746. Pamutemo chinokonzera rufu pakaziviswa puerperal fivha, kana sezvo vachiti pamazuva akare, "ognevitsa". Paaiva pasi kusungwa, asi kwete razluchonnaya nomurume wake, Anna akabereka kanokwana vana, mafambiro vasina vakapona.

Zvisinei, nyaya Anny Leopoldovny asina kupera. muviri wake yaitakurwa kune guru uye mutambo mukuru akavigwa necropolis Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Mariro rakaitirwa maererano nemirau zvaitaurwa nemitemo wamarinda vanhu kuva anotonga imba. Kubvira ipapo, mukuru mazita rinoti wevatongi Russian hazvo kutaurwa uye Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov nguva dzose godo kunamata ndangariro vomumhuri yake, kunyange avo vane rufu vaiva pachavo nidzwa.

"Iron Mask" nhoroondo Russian

Zvikurukuru nenjodzi njodzi Ivan - mugari wenhaka pachigaro, iyo akabereka Anna Leopoldovna. Bio izvozvo kwakasimbiswa nenzira yakadaro kuti akapiwa vanomutswa kare vanouti Russian mumwe "Iron chifukidzo". Pakarepo shure nepfari nesimba Elizabeth atora matanho zvose zvinogoneka nechokwadi kuti zita mugari wenhaka choushe pachigaro akanga akanganwa. Vakabata kubva wokufambisa mari pamwe mufananidzo wake, akaparadza magwaro anotaura zita rake, uye pasi chirango chakakomba kurangwa wakarambidza chero ndangariro pake.

Elizaveta Petrovna, vakabata simba kuburikidza youmambo pachigaro nechisimba, vakatya mukana wokuva nedambudziko chairo rinotevera zano. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna 1756, akanga arayirwa kununura-gore gumi musungwa Schlisselburg nhare uye ane tsaona ndoga. Ikoko mukomana akanga kunyimwa kunyange zita ravo idzva Gregory uye aitaura chete se "musungwa inonyatsozivikanwa." Zvaisambobvumirwa kuonana dzaro dzakapoteredza. Izvi zvakadaro zvachose wakacherechedza kuti zvose makore vakapfigirwa musungwa ndamboona chiso chomunhu. Hazvishamisi kuti pamusoro nguva akaratidza zviratidzo zvepfungwa.

Top kushanyira musungwa uye vachiri rufu

Kana kutsiva Elizabeth akasvika mambokadzi mutsva, Catherine II, uye vakabata simba achitsigirwa cheVarindi, iye ane kuti kutonga kwake mukuru Mvumo, akafunga nezvomukana muchato kune akanga munhare akakodzera mugari wenhaka Ivan. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akashanya naye Shlisselburgsky mugomba. Zvisinei, achiona kuti dhigirii mumuviri uye mupfungwa kudzikira yasvika makore ndoga, Ivan, akaziva kuti kuroorana naye pasina mubvunzo. Panzira, kuti Empress akati musungwa kuziva mavambo ake youmambo, kuti iye kuverenga uye vanoda kugumisa upenyu hwake yemamongi.

Catherine II Kutonga kwakanga kure yakananga, uye paaigara nhare Ivan hwakawanda anoedza kubvuta masimba nechinangwa rokurera kuti chigaro. Kuvamisa, asi Empress akarayira kuti pakarepo kuuraya musungwa, kana pane ngozi chaiyo kune ake kusunungurwa. Uye muna 1764, mamiriro ezvinhu kwakasimbiswa. Chimwe pakarongwa dzakatangira panhengo boka ravarwi nhare Shlisselburg. Rakanga inotungamirwa refutenendi V. Ya Mirovich. Zvisinei, dzomunyika norunyararo casemates hwakazadzika kwayo basa: Ivan Antonovich akanga vakabayiwa navo bayonets. Rufu ndatovhiringidza upenyu hwake hupfupi uye inosuruvarisa 5 (16) mu July 1764.

Saka akagumisa upenyu izvi mwana kutonga imba Romanov - a chepamutemo mugari wenhaka pachigaro John VI uye mai vake Anna Leopoldovna, pfupi Biography vaishumirwa sezvo dingindira redu kukurukura. Ngazvisadaro machinda ose Russia kwaifanira kufa semafiro. Utsinye, vakurirwe simba hondo dzimwe nguva kudirwa nenjodzi dzakadai iri yatiri kuzorangarirwa. Paitonga Anna Leopoldovna akapinda nhoroondo Russia sechikamu kumwedzi, anotaurwa so "Chizvarwa vaaida."