Platonic Academy muFlorence uye mutungamiriri wayo

Yakanga isiri yepamutemo yepamutemo uye yakanga isina kusungwa kune imwe nyika kana chechi. Chikoro chePlato muFlorence - musha wakasununguka wevanhu vakasununguka, vakaumbwa kubva mumamiriro akasiyana, vane mabasa akasiyana, vanobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana avo vanoda muPlato, Neoplatonism, Filosofia Perennis.

Vamiririri vezvemweya (mabhishopi, mabhononi) akauyawo pano, uye vanhu venyika, uye vanyori, nevanyori, nevatongi, uye vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika, uye avo vanonzi mabhizinesi ezvo nguva.

Platonic Academy muFlorence (inoratidzika pasi apa) yakaita sorudzi rwehama dzevanhu vane ruzivo rwakasiyana uye vakazozivikanwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira: Marsilio Ficino, Cristoforo Landino, Angelo Poliziano, Michelangelo Buanarotti, Pico de la Mirandola, Lorenzo Magnificent, Francesco Catania, Botticelli nevamwe.

Saka, munyaya ino, tichataura zvakananga pamusoro pehukama hwemasimba, iyo yainzi "Platonic Academy muFlorence" (mutungamiri - Ficino).

Zvakatarisirwa kuti zvisike

Iko kushuva kwekumumutsiro kwaiva kunwa kwenguva yakareba. Pasinei nokuti mhedziso dzenguva dzenguva iyoyo dzinofungidzirwa kuva XII - pakati pezana remakore XVII, ichiri chigumo chayo, apotheosis iri muzana remakore re XV-XVI. Pakati raiva Italy, kunyanya, Florence.

Panguva ino, akanga ari mumvura yakadzika yehupenyu hweEurope uye tsika. Yakanga iripo kubva kuGermany uyo akauya kuzodzidza unyanzvi nesayenzi. MuParis, zvinyorwa kubva kuFlorence zvakatora pfungwa dzevaporofesa veSonbonne, avo vaizviona se "evhangeri itsva."

Basa rinokosha rinoitwa neguta rino munguva ino, rakatsanangura R. Marcel. Akatenda kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kuziva kusavapo kwemamiriro ezvinhu emhando iyi yerumutsiriro kune imwe nzvimbo. Yakanga iri Florence - sepakati pevanhu, nzvimbo yepasi - iyo inogona kukwezva zvose, pasina, fuma yemweya wevanhu. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo mabhuku anokosha zvikuru akaunganidzwa, apo munhu aigona kusangana nenyanzvi dzakadzidza. Mukuwedzera, Florence akafananidzwa ne giant workshop workshop, apo munhu wese akapa tarenda iripo.

Nokudaro, hapana mibvunzo yekuti sei yaiva Platonic Academy muFlorence, uyo mutungamiri, Ficino, akaratidza nyika nyika dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo mabasa ayo akaunza chikamu chisingaenzaniswi kumativi akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu hwedu.

Atene yeWest West

Nokudaro yainzi Florence nokuti mushure mekukundwa kwevaTurkey veConstantinople ikoko kwakazadza tsika netsika dzepanyika zvekare. Kubva pane imwechete "tsananguro yechinyorwa" chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakangoonekwa zvose munhoroondo yemitauro yeItaly uye muEurope seyese, inonzi "Platonic Academy muFlorence". Ficino, muzivi wePlato, akaitungamirira. Imwe zita reChikamiro "mhuri yaPlatoic", yakanga ine pfupi asi yakajeka yakakwana yehupenyu hwayo. Yakabatsirwa zvikuru nevatongi vakakurumbira veFlorence - Cosimo de 'Medici nemzukuru wake Lorenzo.

Nhoroondo Pfupfupi yePlatoic Family

Platonic Academy muFlorence yakatangwa muna 1470 neCosaimo inonzi ichangobva kutaurwa. Nharaunda yekubudirira inowira panguva yekutonga kwezukuru vake Lorenzo de 'Medici, uyo anoita shengo yake. Pasinei nekubudirira kwechi Academy (makore gumi), yakabatsira zvikuru tsika nemafungiro eEurope. Platonic Academy muFlorence yakafuridzira mafungiro anozivikanwa zvikuru, artists, mafilosofi, masayendisiti, vezvematongerwe enyika, vanyori vezvenguva yavo. Yakanga isiri nzvimbo yekunamatira yevanhu vezvemweya, vane ruzivo uye vakangwara. Mumwe anogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti Platonic Academy muFlorence ishama yevanhu vane pfungwa dzakadaro, iyo yakagadziriswa yehupenyu hutsva, nyika iri nani, murume, ramangwana, sekutaura, dhiyabhorosi yakakodzera yekusimudzirwa kuedza. Vakawanda vanozviti iyo uzivi, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange nzira yehupenyu. Nzvimbo chaiyo yekuziva, mweya ...

Platonic Academy muFlorence, uyo ane mutungamiri wemafungiro ari Ficino, inogadzira mamiriro matsva emweya, nekuda kweiyo mienzaniso (pfungwa) yakagadzirwa uye yakatumirwa, ichiri kuonekwa seiyo pfungwa huru dzenguva. Imba yakasiyiwa nemhuri yaPlatoic inokosha. Chikoro chePlatoic muFlorence ndiye mutakuri wezvinonzi nhoroondo yeRenetwork. Tinogona kutaura kuti nyaya yake ndiyo nyaya yeGreat Dream.

Plato's Academy muFlorence: M. Ficino

Akanga ari muzivi wenyika, musayendisiti, nyanzvi yezvechitendero, uye mufungidziri akakurumbira weKutanga Kwemazuva Ano, iyo yakanga ine simba guru mukushanduka kwemafiropu mumazana emakore rechi17 ne18.

Marsilio akazvarwa pedyo neFlorence (19.10.1433). Akadzidza chiLatini uye chiGiriki, mishonga, uzivi. Pakutanga zvakakwana, akaratidza kufarira Plato (chikoro chake). Kubatira kwaCosimo de 'Medici nevatsigiri vake vakaita basa rinokosha pakuziva kuti Ficino akazvipira zvachose kune zivo yesayenzi.

Muna 1462 akazivikanwa semutungamiri wePlatoic Academy muFlorence, uye muna 1473 akava mupristi, akachengetedza nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzechechi. Upenyu hwake hwakavhiringidzika muCourge, pedyo neFlorence (01.10.1499).

Mabasa anoshamisa aFicino

Marsilio ane shanduro dzisinganzwisisiki muchiLatin kuna Plato naPlotinus. Misangano yavo yakazara muWestern Europe (bhuku muna 1484/1492) raive rakawanda mukutsvaga kusvika kuzana remakore rechigumi nemana.

Akashandurawo dzimwe Neoplatonists, dzakadai saIamblichus, Porphyry, Proclus Diadoch, nezvimwewo, maitiro eHermetic Vault. Mashoko ake akajeka pamabasa aPlato naPlotinov aivewo akakurumbira, uye mumwe wavo (kune hurukuro yaPlatoic yainzi "Mutambo") yakava mhedziso yehuwandu hwemakakatanwa pamusoro perudo pakati pevanyori, vanyori, uye vanyori vemazuva ano.

Maererano naMarsilio, Plato akaona rudo sehukama hwemweya pakati pevanhu vanonzi vanhu, izvo zvinovakirwa pakuratidza rudo rwavo rwepakutanga rwaIshe.

Dzidziso yaPlato yekusingafi kwomweya

Iri ndiro basa rinokosha zvikuru refilosofi raFicino (1469-74, 1st edition - 1482). Icho chinyorwa chechimiro (chinoshamisa), apo dzidziso dzePlato nevateveri vake dzinopihwa maererano nechechi chechi chechi yechiKristu. Iri basa (iro basa guru remutauro weItalyism rwechiItaly nokuda kweRenaissance rose) rinounza zvose zvakasikwa kune zvishanu nheyo dzinokosha, dzinoti:

• Mwari;
• Mweya wekudenga;
• Wakagara mweya wakangwara;
• Quality;
• Mutumbi.

Nyaya huru yemusangano ndeyekusingaperi kwemweya wemunhu. Ficino aida kuti basa remweya yedu nderokufungisisa, iyo inopedzisa nekuratidzwa zvakananga kwaMwari, asi nekuda kwekusawanzobudirira kwechikonzero ichi mukati mePasi, hupenyu hwayo hunouya hunofanira kugamuchirwa sechinhu chinosvika pakuenda kwacho.

Mabasa anozivikanwa aFicino mumunda wechitendero, mushonga uye nyeredzi

Kupararira kwose kwakagamuchira mvumo yakadai se "The Book of the Christian Religion" (1474). Correspondence Marsilio inyaya yakawanda yezvakaitika kare, ruzivo rwehupenyu. Nyaya dzakawanda dzemashoko ndezvechokwadi nemaitiro efilosofi.

Kana tikafunga mamwe mabasa akazvipira kumishonga, kuongorora nyeredzi, ipapo tinokwanisa kusiyanisa "Mabhuku matatu ehupenyu" (1489). Marsilio Ficino ndomumwe wevatungamiri vanofambisa zvekudzoka kwemazuva ano, vamiririri vemazana eRenaissance Platonism.

Pfungwa yaMwari kubva panzvimbo yaFicino

Maererano naErwin Panofsky, hurongwa hwake huri pakati nepakati pekudzidzira (Mwari sekunaka kwezvinhu zvose zvakagadziriswa) uye nheyo dzemazuva ano dzezvematongerwo enyika (Mwari ndiye anoziva nyika isingagumi). Kufanana naPlotinus, anonzwisisa Ishe seAsavhiringidzika. Maonero ake aMwari anotonhora kusvika pakuti Ishe ane yunifomu, yose-yakazara. Iye ndeyechokwadi, asi kwete kufamba kwepakutanga.

Maererano naFicino, Mwari akasika nyika yedu, "kuzvifunga pachake," nokuti mukati maro, kuvapo, kufunga, kuda chimwe chinhu. Ishe haasi munharaunda yose, iyo isina mitsara, uye naizvozvo haina kusvika. Asi Mwari panguva imwechete mairi, nokuti anoizadza, asi asingazvizadzi, pachake nokuti iye azere. Saka anonyora Marsilio mune rimwe remashoko ake.

Ficino: makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake

Muna 1480-90. Marsilio anoenderera mberi achidzidza "uzivi wouMwari." Anoshandura muchiLatini uye mashoko pamusoro peEneads akarambidzwa (1484-90, yakabudiswa muna 1492), writings porphyrian, pamwe neIamblichus, Areopagite, Proclus (1490-92), Psellus nevamwe.

Anoratidza kufarira kwakanyanya munzvimbo yakadai sokuongorora nyeredzi. Muna 1489, Ficino anobudisa chirwere chezvokurapa-nyeredzi chine musoro unoti "On Life", mushure mezvo zvinopesana neupristi hwepamusoro hweChechi yeKaturike, kunyanya, naPapa Innocent VIII, iri doro. Uye kungoita basa rakasununguka kununura Ficino kubva kune mhosva dzekunyepedzera.

Zvadaro muna 1492, Marsilio akanyora sangano rakanzi "On the Sun and Light," iro rakabudiswa muna 1493, uye gore rakatevera rinogumisa kududzirwa kwehurukuro dzaPlato. Upenyu hwomutungamiri we "Platonovka mhuri" hwakaguma pakupindura nezvebasa "Epistle kuvaRoma" (Mupositora Pauro).

Plato's Academy muFlorence: Landino

Akanga ari purofesa wezvinyorwa. Kunyange muhuduku hwake, Cristoforo akazviratidza mumutsano wenhetembo (1441). Landino yaiva shamwari uye mupi weFicino. Cristoforo inozivikanwa seyekutanga wevanonyora vanonyanya kuzivikanwa ve Virgil, Dante, Horace. Anonyatsobudisa pachena Dante huru, kuburikidza naye nyika inodzidza pamusoro peimwe kurota kweC Academy: kugadzirisa dheiri iyi, kuita zvose kuitira kuti vanhu vamuone somumwe wevasinganzwisisiki vanyori, vane masimba, avo vakakodzera kunamatwa sa Virgil, Vamwe vadziki venyika yekare.

Cristoforo anonyora hurukuro yehurukuro muPlatoic Academy, maonero avakauya kusvikira panguva yedu.

Landino, ine zvikamu zvinoshamisa, inounza chikamu chisingaenzaniswi nechinetso chakadai se "ukama hwehupenyu hunoshingaira kuhupenyu hunofungisisa" -kutanga yezvakakosha nyaya dzaive dzichikurukurwa zvakanzwisiswa nemafirosofi ezvizvarwa zvekare.

Pakupedzisira zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti nyaya yacho yakaratidza nzvimbo yakakurumbira yevanhu vane mafungiro akasiyana-siyana, vane zita rePlatoic Academy muFlorence (mutungamiri wenhau - Marsilio Ficino).