Emanation - ndiyo iyo pfungwa? Tsanangudzo ye emanation

Kazhinji, mazwi nemashoko kubva mukusayenzi uye kuparidzirwa kwemafilosofi zvinowira mukutaurirana. Ikoko vanogona kuchinja zvakanyanya zvavanoreva, kusvikira pane zvakatarisana. Somuenzaniso, zvakaitika neshoko rokuti "emanation". Akanga achishandiswa nevanyori veRussia mupfungwa isinganzwisisiki, somuenzaniso, Saltykov-Shchedrin. Apo paakanyora kuti kana ari munharaunda, munhu haafaniri kuparadza mweya, akataura pamusoro pe "kubuda kwemashure" zvakananga. Uye mune dzimwe nguva, vazhinji vanotenda kuti kubuda kunhuwirira. Nokudaro, shoko iri rinoshandiswa mumutauro umwe nechiito "catch". Nenzira, "kubata kunhuwa" kana mhepo inofamba ichibva pane imwe nzvimbo.

Asi chii chinorehwa neshoko iri? Ngatiedzei kutsvakurudza zvishomanana.

Shanduro neshanduro yesayenzi

Uyezve, kana tikazarura duramazwi rechiLatin, tinoona kuti kubuda ishoko rinoreva kupera nekupararira kwechinhu. Encyclopedias uye kushandurwa kwesayenzi zvinotitaurira kuti tiri kutaura nezvemwe rudzi rwezvinhu kana chinoshamisa, izvo, zvichibva, zvave zvakakonzerwa nekuyerera kubva pane imwe nzvimbo. Imwe pfungwa yezwi rokuti "emanation" ndeyekuzviparadzanisa kune zvimwe zvikamu kubva pane zvinhu zvakaoma. Nokudaro mufizikiki izwi iri rinoshandiswa munyanzvi yezvinonzi " radioactive decay". Kubva pakuona kwechirevo ichi, kubuda kunenge apo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokonzera masikati kana kubudisa magasi mukugadzirisa kwakadaro. Mumakemikari ezita rakadaro, chikamu chedhi radon chakapiwa, kunyange ikozvino isotopes yayo inonzi yakatumidzwa.

Mitambo yemakombiyuta

Izwi rakakurumbira harina kuramba risina hanya nevatambi. Semuenzaniso, kusimuka chinhu chekutsvaga mutsara wekambani yemutambo "Heaven". Nekubatsira kwechigadzirwa ichi, vatori vechikamu vanogona kuita zvinhu. Sezvo kune machechi akawanda kana makirasi evanhu mumutambo uyu, kune chikamu chakafanana chekubuda. Vane mazita akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, "emanation chaos" - inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatambi - chikamu chechigadzirwa chakadai se "chirevo chakakwana cheMuparadzi." Pane zvimwe zvikamu zvakafanana. "Kushamwaridzana kwerudo" kunoreva kune izvo zvinonzi kunamata Mhandara. Inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuongorora "zvakakwana relic" yekirasi yezita rimwe chete. Uye "kubuda kwesimba" kunoreva chitendero che Defender. Zvose izvi zvigadzirwa mumutambo zvinogona kutengwa, kuchinjana "madhayamondi" kana iwe unogona kuwana nekuongorora "zvakakwana zvinyorwa".

Kutanga kwezwi

Kwenguva yekutanga shoko iri rakaonekwa mufilosofi yekare. Vafungidzi vakatanga kuishandisa, vachiedza kuziva mhedzisiro yenyika yedu kubva kune imwechete Universum. Mune mamwe mazwi, uku ndiko kutsanangurwa kwekuuya kwekudenga kubva pasi, uye nei kwakagadzikana. Kunyange iyo yakarondedzerwa pamusoro pekutamba online ine zvimwe, zvisinei zvisinganzwisisiki, ukama kune pfungwa iyi yepakutanga. Hazvishamisi kuti inonzi "Denga". Zvinhu zvechirevo che "emanation" zvinogona kuwanikwa kunyange muhutano hwekare. Apo Democritus kana Empedocles vaifunga nezvekugadzirisa kwekuziva, vaitenda kuti chero chimwe chinhu chinobudisa "maitiro", makopi anogunzva manzwiro evanhu uye zvino anoita kuti pfungwa ye "mufananidzo" mupfungwa idzi mupfungwa. Mhedziso yekushandura iyi yedzidziso yakaonekwa muPlato naAristotle.

Zvikamu zvekare zvefilosofi

Kuwirirana pakati pekutsvaga uye kwakabva kwenyika kunowanikwa zvakananga muzwi rokuti "aporroya". Iyo ndeyoPlato uye inorevawo "excretion." Sezvaunoziva, muzivi wechiGiriki akazivisa nyika mufananidzo wei piramidhi, pamusoro payo pane pfungwa ye "Zvakanaka". Zvinoratidzika kubuda kana kujekesa kubva pachako iyo iyo pachayo uye mukana wekunzwisisa zvose zviripo. Izvo zvakanaka zvinoumba nyika yemafungiro, iyo "miviri" iyo ndiyo zvinhu zvenyika ino. Aristotle, zvisinei, inofananidzira zvinorehwa neshoko iri nemafungiro emhando chaiyo ye simba. Zvisikwa ZvouMwari, kubva pakuona kweAreopagite, ndiyo Pervomotor. Inounza simba, iyo, iyo inopararira kubva kune imwe yepakutanga, sezvinonzi "mhepo inomuka" iyo yose nzira yezvose.

Kuvandudza kunzwisiswa kweshoko

Tsika yePlato, iyo yakaumbwa mufilosofi yekare, yakapa kuzvikoro zvakananga zvekufunga. Vamiririri vavo vakagadzira mutsara unopfuurira zvikuru wechitendero chekubuda, kunonzwisiswa semugumisiro kubva kune chisingagumi chinyorwa chinoramba chichibereka chimwe chinhu, asi chinogara chisingaperi. Semuenzaniso, vakafananidza Universum kusvika pakutanga kwerwizi, iyo inoita mvura, asi haina kuoma. Kana kana zuva richibudisa masikati, asi kwete kurasikirwa nechiedza. Zvishoma zvakagadziridzwa kunzwisisa uku kwevaSteikisi kare kare munguva yekare yeRoma. Vakatora pfungwa yechiGiriki yeLogos nokuda kwenheyo yekusika yenyika. Stoics vaidavira kuti "moto wepakutanga" unobudisa mweya wayo - pneuma - iyo, zvishoma nezvishoma inotonhorera uye inotonhora, inoita zvinhu zvakasikwa.

Dzidziso yekubuda

Zvisinei, izwi iri raive richizivikanwa kune vose neNeoplatonists. Vakasimbisawo mazuva ano mafirosofi echirevo chezwi. Mumwe wevamiririri vese vechikoro ichi - Plotinus - akaunza Absolute Zvakanaka, Universum semusana wesimba rekusika, mune nguva yakawanda. Iko ndiko kuti, Kubatsiro kwakazadza nekugadzira kwayo iyo nguva dzose inoputira nayo. Simba rokusika rinoyerera kubva pasi rose rinosika nyika yedu nenzira isingabatsiri uye yakasikwa. Zvisinei, iyo iri kure kubva kune iyo inobva chiedza ichi chaMwari, inowedzera inopera uye inowedzera, kusvikira yafa zvachose. Nokudaro, nyika yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana - maererano nekuswedera kwayo kune yakatanga. Izvo zvichibva kune zvinyorwa - zvisinganyanyi zvakanaka uye, maererano nekudaro, zvakanyanya kuipa (izvo kusava nezvakanaka). Nokudaro, kusimuka mufilosofi, kutanga kwezvose, pfungwa yekurasikirwa kwekukwanisa mukugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kweA Absolute simba, kusvika kune kusingave, iyo iyo muNeoplatonism inoreva chinhu.

Pfungwa dzechiKristu

Neoplatonic nheyo yepakutanga yaipikisa iyo itsva, inobuda muUmambo hweRoma, chitendero. MuchiKristu, kusikwa kwenyika kuburikidza nechiito chekuda kwaMwari kwaiva chinhu chinopesana zvachose nemafungiro e "kupera kwepanyama" kwezvakanaka nekuda kwechimiro cheYunivhesiti. Pashure pezvose, Bhaibheri rinotenda kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa naJehovha "zvakanaka kwazvo," uye kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nokuputsa kuda kwaMwari. Zvisinei, gare gare chidzidzo chekubuda kwaive mune zvimwe zvezvinhu zvayo zvakanaka zvakagamuchirwa nevafungidzi vechiKristu nevanyori vezvinyorwa. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa ye "kuperesa zvakanaka" mukusika nekuipa sekushayikwa kwezvakanaka zvakagadzirwa naTomas Aquinas, zvichibva pane ichi chechi yeKaturike. Anotaura kuti Mwari anogona kupfuudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nezvisikwa zvake, achitaura kune imwecheteyo. Dionysius vaAreopagite vakataura nheyo yekusununguka mukati mezvinyorwa zvekutenda kwechiKristu uye vakaita shanduro
Nezvekutonga kwekudenga.

Zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvisinganzwisisiki

Iko pfungwa yekudururwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvakanaka nesimba kunyika munyika nekugadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kupererwa hakusi kungowanzozivikanwa, asi zvakare yakava nyaya yekukakavara. Yakanga yakagoverwa nemhepo dzakawanda dzisinganzwisisiki dzechiKristu neIslam, uyewo neusorthodox, iyo inonzi yakananga mazano. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yekusimudza yakave yakakurumbira muGnosticism yekare, asi pano yakavhenganiswa nemafungiro echiKristu okusateerera kuna Mwari uye "pleroma" kubva kumusoro kwenyika. Kutenda kwakadaro kwechiKristu seCatharism, mumunhu weimwe nyanzvi dzefilosofi, Giovanni de Lugio, vakachengeta chimiro chePlato chinonzi zuva rinobudisa mashizha, asi panguva imwechete yakaramba kuti chiedza chakadaro chinogona kuderera mumoto wayo. Hazvisi pasina icho Evhangeri inotaura kuti izvi hazvirevi nezvekureba kwepasi, asi nezve "iyo rima haringatenderi". Izvo zvingaita, pfungwa yekusununguka yakanyatsosimbiswa muparadhi yekutsika kweEurope uye ikava chikamu chemafiro mazuva ano, mabhuku uye kunyange kutendeseka. Kubva pane dzidziso iyi, akavaka maonero ake, somuenzaniso, Carlos Castaneda.