Phone SIM kadhi: mudziyo

SIM kadhi - zano iri rinotengeswa nevaridzi nokuzivikanwa module. Dunhu iri Integrated rakagadzirirwa dzakawanda Mobile rinotengeswa nevaridzi kuzivikanwa (IMSI) njodzi okuchengetera makamuri uye akabatanidza kiyi rinoshandiswa pakuzivisa uye authentication pamusoro subscribers ari Mobile nvidia mano (semuenzaniso, mobile nhare uye makombiyuta). Unogonawo kuchengeta kukurukura mashoko akawanda SIM-makadhi.

SIM makadhi munogara kushandiswa musi GSM nhare nokuda CDMA mano zvinodiwa chete itsva LTE-enderana namano. Vanogonawo kushandiswa Satellite dzeserura.

SIM-kadhi rutivi mashandiro yezvisikwa revatema redunhu (UICC), iyo dzaiwanzogadzirwa PVC pamwe Integrated vokukurukura uye semiconductors. SIM-kadhi, zano iro inobva digitaalinen ano, unogona kutapurira mashoko pakati akasiyana Mobile namano.

kadhi SIM-zvinosanganisira:

• yakasiyana Serial nhamba (ICCID);
• dzakawanda Mobile identifier (IMSI);
• authentication uye encryption;
• nguva mashoko yomunharaunda nzvimbo samambure;
• Nyora mabasa iyo inodzidzisa ane kuwana;
• mudziyo dzenhare SIM kadhi anewo mavara echivande maviri: Personal Nokuzivikanwa Number (PIN) nokuti kwomuzvarirwo kushandiswa, uye munhu unblocking romutemo (the PUK) dzokuzarura PIN.

History uye nguva kumusika

Pakutanga SIM nemanyorerwo chave chichirondedzerwa neEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute Specification TS 11.11 uwandu anotsanangura mumuviri uye zvine musoro zvivako zviri SIM kadhi. With UMTS Kugadzirwa Specification basa rave omei hwakatamisirwa 3GPP.

Kutanga-kadhi SIM yakazokudziridzwa muna 1991 maererano Munich akaigadzira akangwara makadhi Giesecke & Devrient, vaitengesa makopi 300 reFinnish Wireless rezvebonde opareta Radiolinja yokutanga.

inactivation

In contractual dzakawanda zvibvumirano "kubhadhara-enda" unofanira nguva kushandisa prepayment kuitira kudzivisa yapfuura kuti nhoroondo mabasa. Nguva iyi kunobva pomumbure opareta, asi kazhinji pakutsvaga nguva mitatu. Izvi dzimwe nguva nokuti kuti SIM-kadhi iri basa iri pemambure.

kunyoresa

nyika Most uye dzaishandisa zvinoda kuzivikanwa kuti Activate basa, asi pane dzimwe anosiyiwa, akadai Hong Kong SAR.

ari SIM kadhi dzenhare sei?

Nokuti SIM-makadhi ane nhatu kushanda voltage: 5V, 3V uye 1.8V uchishandisa voltage yevoruzhinji "simok", kumhanya kusvika 1998, aiva 5 V. The vakasikwa papera makadhi vari inowirirana 3 V uye 5 V. Modern zviitiko rutsigiro 5 V, 3 V uye 1.8 V.

dhata

On SIM-makadhi akachengetwa zvakarukwa mashoko akashandiswa tsvagurudza uye kuziva subscribers pamusoro pemambure. The kukosha ndivo ICCID, IMSI, Authentication Key (Ki), munzvimbo identifier (Lai) uye uwandu vashevedzwa opareta.

Sim kadhi, iyo mudziyo anobva namano uyewo rinochengeta mamwe data, zvichienderana opareta, akadai basa centre dzinoverengeka pfupi mashoko (SMS ServiceServiceName), zita rebasa Provider (SPN), nhamba yepamusoro basa (SDN), parameters Advanceofcharge uye mafomu ukoshi akawedzera (vas).

SIM-kadhi zvinogona kusvitsa zvakasiyana-siyana mashoko hukuru kubva 8 chinenge 256 KB. Zvose kubvumira kuti kuchengeta vaifanira 250 neshamwari, asi kana pane shanduro 32 KB nzvimbo 33 Mobile rezvebonde Codes (MNC) kana "pomumbure identifiers", rudzi 64 KB zvakadaro nokuda 80 MNC. indekisi ichi rinoshandiswa rwomumbure dzaishandisa kuchengeta vaifarira network, uye ainyanya kushandiswa kana SIM haasi mumba mako zvakarukwa uye kungomberereka. Ko munhu zano dzorunhare sim kadhi yakadaro?

Mutekenyi, uyo dzakabudisa "sim kadhi" anogona kurishandisa kubatanidza foni yako kuti nzvimbo pomumbure kushandisa zvakanaka zvebhizimisi chibvumirano nokuda kwokutanga rezvebonde kambani. Izvi hazvirevi kuti foni yaiva SIM ichi, rinogona kwakabatana kukwira 33 kana 80 network, izvo zvinoreva chete kuti-kadhi SIM issuer anogona chete kunongedzera mari iyi vaifarira network. Kana "Sim" riri kunze vaifarira network, izvozvo achashandisa wokutanga kana yakanakisisa iripo chete.

ICCID

Mumwe SIM-kadhi inoziviswa panguva dzakawanda pamwero pamusoro identifier ari revatema redunhu (ICCID). ICCID zvakachengetwa pamusoro SIM card, uyewo akanyorwa kana akadhindwa ari pasuru panguva personalization rikurumidze.

ICCID iri pakutsvaga rutsigiro rinonzi Itu-T E.118 nhamba sezvo Primary. marongerwo Its inobva ISO / IEC 7812. Maererano E.118 nhamba zvinogona kusvika 22 digits kusanganisira cheki digit rinowanikwa nokushandisa Luhn algorithm. Zvisinei, GSM Pasika 1 rinorondedzerwa so ICCID pakureba 10 octets (20 digits) pamwe chaiyo nemamiriro opareta.

International Mobile rinotengeswa nevaridzi Nokuzivikanwa (IMSI)

kadhi SIM-vanozivikanwa mune nomumwe rezvebonde dzaishandisa kuburikidza yakasiyana dzakawanda Mobile rinotengeswa nevaridzi kuzivikanwa (IMSI). Operators ose Mobile samambure zvakabatana kune serura foni kuchinjana dzavo SIM-makadhi pamisika wayo IMSI. Dzavo inotevera format.

The digits nhatu dzokutanga kumiririra Mobile Country Code (MCC).

Anotevera zviviri kana zvitatu digits ndivo Mobile rezvebonde remitemo (MNC). Three-digit MNC Codes akabvumira E.212, asi Anonyanyowanika kushandiswa muUnited States uye Canada.

Zvinotevera Nhamba vanomiririra Mobile nhamba rinotengeswa nevaridzi kuzivikanwa (MSIN). Kazhinji 10 digits, asi kukosha achava zvishoma pane kune imwe-digit matatu MNC kana kana mitemo yenyika anoratidza kuti zvachose Kureba IMSI anofanira kuva asingasviki 15 digits. Vose nhamba idzi dzinosiyana nyika nenyika, saka pangava munzira akaronga SIM kadhi. The zano ndiro mureza uye fekitari, musiyano chete iri kuchengetwa mune akanyorwa mashoko.

The authentication kiyi (Madz)

Kni - iri 128-ikakuruma ukoshi rinoshandiswa kuti tsvagurudza iri SIM-makadhi muna GSM Mobile rezvebonde (zvakarukwa USIM Uchiri kuda Ki, asi zvinoda vamwe parameters). In mumwe kadhi SIM-zvitoro dzakasiyana Ki, basa nokuda opareta munguva personalization rikurumidze. Ipfungwa iyi zvakare akachengetwa mune Database (yainzi authentication centre, kana AuC) mubasa Provider Network.

Sei SIM kadhi nechiedza pamusoro? Rakagadzirirwa saizvozvo kuti ndisabatwe Ki ane akachenjera kadhi inowanikwa. Asi,-kadhi SIM anogovera mashandiro "Start GSM-algorithm", iro anobvumira foni wokushandura umboo kuti "sim kadhi", izvo zvinofanira akasaina pamwe Madz. Ndiyo pfungwa kushandisa SIM kadhi unofanira kana Ki haagoni kubviswa SIM-kadhi kana opareta anoda yokuwedzera nezvechisarudzo ichi. In tsika, kuti GSM encryption algorithm kuti pakuverenga SRES_2 (ona. Step 4 pazasi) of Ki ane mamwe maburi aigona kubvumira kuzoita kukosha ino "makadhi SIM" uye pakusika kudzokororwa SIM-kadhi.

The authentication kwacho

Kana Mobile midziyo iri akatanga kuti anowana international SIM-kadhi Mobile rinotengeswa nevaridzi nokuzivikanwa (IMSI) uye anotumira kuna Mobile opareta achikumbira kuwana uye authentication. Mobile midziyo anogona kuparadzira PIN-bumbiro iri SIM kadhi pamberi zvichaita kuzarura ruzivo.

Kuziva kuti nzvimbo yacho

SIM zvitoro Network mamiriro ruzivo, iyo vakagamuchira kubva nzvimbo nzvimbo nokuzivikanwa (Lai). Network dzaishandisa akakamurwa nzvimbo munzvimbo, chimwe nechimwe chine dzakasiyana Lai nhamba. Kana mudziyo ikachinja nzvimbo, rinochengeta kuti Lai mutsva SIM-kadhi, uye anotuma nayo kuna worunhare wacho pomumbure kuti nzvimbo itsva. Kana mudziyo unoshanda cyclically, zvichaita wabvisa mashoko kubva 'Sims "uye tsvakai yapfuura Lai. On basa iri uye dzimwe notupukanana pamwe SIM kadhi.

SMS-mashoko uye ushamwari

Most SIM-makadhi zvichaita Default yokuchengetera imwe yakawanda SMS-mashoko uye bhuku dzenhare kutaura navo. Contacts zvinochengeterwa mudura nyore mbiri "zita uye nhamba": Zvinyorwa kuti ane akawanda nhamba dzenhare uye mamwe nhamba dzenhare kazhinji haana kuchengetwa pamusoro payo. mamiriro akadaro vanopa SIM kadhi mudziyo. Contacts angaponeswa ipfupi. Somuenzaniso, apo munhu rokushandisa anoedza kutevedzera zvinyorwa kwakadaro "sim kadhi" Foni Software rinokamukana vave zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka, kurasa ruzivo chero kuti haisi nhamba dzorunhare.

Nhamba akaponesa vokukurukura uye mashoko kunobva SIM-kadhi. mhando Early achachengeta dzinokwana mashoko mashanu uye 20 vokukurukura apo ano SIM makadhi anogona kazhinji kuchengeta zvinopfuura 250 zvinhu.

SIM kadhi: kweguyo zvinogona

Kwemakore, kukura SIM-kadhi vava maduku, uye functionality kwavo hakutsamiri pamanyorerwo. Nokuti wenguva saizi "Simcoe" chinoteverwa Mini-SIM, Micro-SIM uye Nano-SIM. Nhasi vari kunyange kuvakwa muimba mudziyo.

Renguva saizi SIM-kadhi

Full-saizi SIM kadhi (kana 1ff, 1st chimiro chinhu) aiva wokutanga fomu chinhu. Rine kukura kadhi rechikwereti (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Pave paya, duku "Sims" rinowanzoshandiswa inotengeswa renguva kukura akavaka-Map, iyo inogona kusundwa.

Mini-SIM

Map Mini-SIM (kana 2FF) zvakafanana kubatana urongwa sezvo renguva kadikidiki SIM card, uye kazhinji akapa mubasa renguva saizi adapteri zvakabatanidzwa nayo coupling nhengo. zano Izvi zvinoita kushandiswa kwayo muna midziyo uye vachikumbira kadhi zvakazara uye mudziyo, yaida Mini-SIM-kadhi (pashure atsamwira kuti unobva zvinhu). Sezvo renguva urefu "Simca" haasisina kushandiswa, vamwe vapemhi kuzodana ichi chimiro chakaita mureza kana-kadhi SIM dzose.

Micro-SIM

Map Micro-SIM (kana 3FF) ine ukobvu uye nzvimbo neshamwari, asi zviri kusiyaniswa kureba duku uye upamhi.

Micro-SIM youduku wakatangwa neEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) kuti kuisa mu namano kuti vari hakukuringani-SIM-kadhi Mini a. Form chikonzero akanga vanotaurwa 3GPP SMG9 UMTS achishanda boka, inova muviri kuti anogadza zvinodiwa nokuti GSM SIM-kadhi, muna December 1998, uye zvadaro vakabvumirana pakazopera 2003.

Micro-SIM yave akagadzirirwa neshure kugarisana. The huru dambudziko raiva kubatana nzvimbo chip. Kuchengetedza chete kuonana nzvimbo anobvumira Micro-SIM kuti inowirirana yapfuura, hombe muverengi SIM-makadhi nokushandisa epurasitiki notches. The midziyo rainge zvakagadzirirwa anoshanda chete nokukurumidza (5 MHz) sezvo yapfuura shanduro. Zvakaenzana uye nzvimbo vokukurukura kwakaita kuti Tutorials zhinji, uye YouTube mavhidhiyo vane zvavaifanira sei kucheka Mini-SIM-kadhi iri Micro-SIM saizi. Zvisinei, izvozvo pamba dzimwe nguva kutungamirira kuti somugumisiro wacho SIM kadhi hakurevi kuenzaniswa mudziyo kana kunyange vasina zvavanobatsira.

Nano-SIM

Map Nano-SIM (kana 4FF) chaipiwa October 11, 2012, apo Mobile basa rubatsiro munyika dzakasiyana vakatanga kupa nokuda dzeserura kuti kutsigira urongwa ichi. Nano-SIM ane kukura 12.3 × 8.8 × 0,67 mm uye zvinoderedza rapfuura format ku kuonana nzvimbo, apo kuramba huripo mabasa. A duku Akaigadzirirawo mukombero insulating zvinhu anoramba akapoteredza kuonana nharaunda kudzivisa nematunhu pfupi. Nano-SIM ane Ukobvu 0,67 mm zvichienzaniswa 0,76 mm wayo vamutangira. 4FF kadhi anogona kuiswa adapteri kushandiswa ne namano rakagadzirirwa SIM-makadhi 2FF kana 3FF, uye ichi akaita wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, asi makambani akawanda parunhare regai tsigira nayo.

IPhone 5, rakabudiswa muna September 2012, aiva mudziyo wokutanga kuti anoshandisa kusashanda SIM makadhi Nano, iyo ichiteverwa dzimwe dzeserura.

Chizvarwa kuuya itsva SIM makadhi anonzi ESIM kana eSIM (embeddedSIM), ndiro asiri replaceable revatema Chip muMwanakomana-8 pasuru - soldered zvakananga redunhu bhodhi. It vachakwanisa M2M uye kure kuwana SIM-kadhi.