Chii nyika akafanana Pasi: zita, tsananguro uye zvinhu

Chii nyika akafanana Earth? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu kunogona akauya nenzira dzakasiyana. Kana mukuru chokuratidza kuti utore Somuenzaniso, ari dhayamita uye vazhinji zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri pedyo yedu yepasi pose musha Venus. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinonakidza kukurukura mubvunzo, "Ko nyika zvikuru yakafanana Kwenyika?" Pakuurayiwa suitability zvivako muupenyu. Panyaya iyi, mukati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, hatidi kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera mumiriri - achafanira kuwana kujaira yakakura expanses nzvimbo kure.

inogarwa mapazi

The kutsvaka kuti omuchadenga vanhu vaite kwenguva refu. Pakutanga vakanga vachangobva kufembera, zvekungofungira nokufungidzira, asi pamwe kuvandudzika pamusoro michina nezvaanogona nyaya kutanga kuchinja kubva muchikwata che yokungotaura matambudziko munzvimbo tsika uye ruzivo rwesayenzi.

nzira vave kuzivikanwa pamusoro iyo nenzvimbo chinhu chinogona semhosva dzinogona liveable. Chero nyika akafanana Earth, zvinofanira iri vanonzi inogarwa mapazi. In iri izwi rinoreva imwe nzvimbo yakapoteredza nyeredzi. Its chikuru chepfungwa - mukana kuvapo nyika mukati mayo mvura iri mvura ezvinhu. Zvichienderana zvechadenga nyeredzi inogarwa mapazi anogona riri pedyo kana kure, kuti mukuru kana muduku papi.

ehupfumi chiedza

Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti nyika yakaita Pano uye zvinogona akakodzera upenyu inofanira dzitendererane ane nyeredzi spectral mhando G kuti K uye pamusoro netembiricha kubva 7000 kusvika 4000 K. zviedza aya emit munhu zvakakwana simba rakawanda kwenguva refu nguva wakatsiga, ravo upenyu kutenderera kwapera mu mashoma bhiriyoni makore.

Zvakakosha kuti nyeredzi hakusi yekudyidzana variables zvakasiyana. Kugadzikana Panyika uye nzvimbo - kiyi zvikuru kana zvishoma runyararo upenyu. Sudden mbaravara kana kwenguva refu attenuation chiedza kungaita kuti kutsakatika zvipenyu panyika ari mumiriri nokuda mapatya redu.

Metallicity, kureva pamberi fuma kuwedzera nyeredzi zvinhu hydrogen nehelium - ndeimwe chinokosha. Yakaderera tsika iyi chizenga mukana Mapuraneti iduku kwazvo. Higher metallicity vari nyeredzi mudiki.

The ehupfumi of mapuraneti

Uye nei, Chokwadi, chete nyika kunogona angangokuvadza inogarwa, Earth-zvakadai? Sei pazvinhu izvi hazvirevi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zviri pedyo ari kukura kusvika Jupiter? Mhinduro tinoiwana kukura Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu zvipenyu. Vari chete mapuraneti akafanana needu. Pakazosvika ehupfumi Mapuraneti Earth-zvakadai apo upenyu ingavapo dzinosanganisira:

• uremu pedyo Earth: nyika vanokwanisa kuchengeta mumhepo ichi tectonic mahwendefa pamusoro pemvura haasi yakakwirira sezvinoita kuti ari "hofori,";

• kutonga ari Zvinoumba silicate mabwe;

• Kusavapo gobvu tsiye nehelium uye rehydrogen, hunhu, Somuenzaniso, nokuti Jupiter uye Neptune;

• kunyanya eccentricity zvikuru, kana kuti nyika nguva nenguva uchakomborerwawo kure nyeredzi, kana akanyanya pedyo kuswedera nayo;

• mumwe nhamba kurereka akabatana uye kumhanya Kutenderera zvinodiwa kuchinja misi avhareji urefu masikati nousiku.

Izvi uye zvimwe parameters sei okunze yepasi pevhu, pasi Geological pezvakaitwa wayo menyika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti siyana zvipenyu ezvinhu zvakafanira dzingasiyana. Mukana yokuwana utachiona vari muchadenga kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mhuka.

Nyika itsva kwakafanana Earth

Kunyatsoongorora parameters izvi zvose zvinoda midziyo zvakarurama kuti havagoni chete ngaaverenge nzvimbo yepasi, asi kuti ajekese zvachiri. Sezvineiwo, midziyo ano "anogona" atova kwazvo, uye kusingachamisiki tsvakurudza uye kukura inotipa tariro kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo, vanhu vachakwanisa kutarira mberi muchadenga.

Kubva remakore yakawanikwa vazhinji zvinhu, pakawanda, yakakodzera upenyu. Zvisinei, kupindura mubvunzo izvo kupfuura dzimwe nyika akaita Earth, hakusi noitika nokuti zvinoda kunyatsoenderana mashoko.

gakava exoplanet

September 29, 2010, masayendisiti akazivisa kuwanikwa nyika Gliese 581 g, orbiting nyeredzi Gliese 581. It riri chinhambwe 20 chiedza-makore kure mune renyeredzi Libra. Pari, kuvapo panyika haina yasimbiswa. Mumakore mashanu kubva rokuizarura kanoverengeka ine zvokuwedzera Data uye kuramba.

Kana ichi nyika iripo, maererano Masvomhu, ndiko mhepo, mvura mvura ezvinhu uye matombo pamusoro. Radially zviri pedyo zvokuti yepasi pose musha wedu. Ndiye 1.2-1.5 panyika. guru chinhu vanofungidzirwa pa 3,1-4,3 pasi. Mukana ariko upenyu pairi kwakafanana nharo sezvo chaizvo buri raro.

Wokutanga yasimbiswa

Kepler-22 b - nyika dzakafanana Earth uye panze teresikopu "Kepler" muna 2011 (5 December). Hazvina chinhu chine kuvapo kunosimbiswa. Zvakakurukurwa panyika:

• Chawo paunotenderera ine nyeredzi spectral mhando G5 ane nguva 290 Earth mazuva;

• uremu - 34,92 enyika;

• sezvamunoita harizivikanwi penyika;

• nharaunda - 2.4 pasi;

• kubva nyeredzi anogamuchira anenge 25% shoma simba pane Pasi zvinobva Sun;

• daro kuti nyeredzi anenge 15% shoma kupfuura Sun paNyika.

Nhamba zviduku daro uye simba yaunodya anoita Kepler-22 b kukwikwidza nekuda musoro nyika inogarwa. Kana takapoteredzwa gobvu ezvinhu, pose tembiricha inogona kusvika 22 ° C. Panguva iyoyo hapana munhu kubvuma kuti nyika iri zvakafanana sezvamunoita nani Neptune.

achangobva kupfuura

"The Newest" mapuraneti akafanana Earth, akasvinudzwa muna ano 2015 gore. Uyu Kepler-442 b, riri kure muna 1120 chiedza-makore kubva zuva. Kwazvo Nyika kukura nokuda 1,3 nguva uye riri munzvimbo inogarwa mapazi ayo nyeredzi.

Mugore iroro takaona nyika Kepler-438 b mu renyeredzi Lyra (470 chiedza makore kubva Earth). Naicho pedyo pakukura Panyika uye riri mune inogarwa mapazi.

Pakupedzisira, July 23, 2015 akazivisa kuvhurika Kepler-452 b. The puraneti iri inogarwa mapazi wechiedza, chakafanana zvikuru nyeredzi yedu. Zviri yakakura kupfuura Earth vanenge 63%. Kepler-452 b zvakayerwa 5 wt Scientists yera redu. zera rake uye zvakawanda - mabhiriyoni 1,5 makore. The pemvura tembiricha iri vanofungidzirwa -8 ° C.

Kuvapo izvi mapuraneti vatatu akasimbisa. Ivo vanoonekwa kuti zvinogona akakodzera upenyu. Zvisinei, kuti asimbise kana kuramba habitability yavo haisati zvinobvira.

Humwe kuvandudzika of Nzira kuchaita vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi kuongorora muudzame nyika idzi, uye saka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii nyika iri kupfuura rakafanana Earth.