Underemployment kana purogiramu yakasununguka?

Kazhinji kazhinji mumabasa ekutsvaga, unogona kuwana mutsara wokuti "chikamu-nguva". Chii ichocho, chii chinonzi chechikamu kana nguva pavhiki? Ngatitarise pazviri.

Maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvisingabhadharwi, hazvikwanisi kunofungidzirwa basa rakadaro, iro munhu anoshanda kudarika nguva yakatarwa nemushandi (kazhinji zvisingasviki maawa 30 pavhiki). Semuenzaniso, mumavhiki mashanu ezuva, munhu wose anoshanda kwemaawa masere pazuva, kubva pa9 kusvika kune mashanu, uye munhu ane basa rekushanda kwemaawa anogona kuenda kumusha paawa matatu kana kunyange awa yezuva.

Mukuwedzera kune rimwe remaawa mashoma, kunewo kusakwana kwevhiki yekushanda. Zvose zvakafanana, chete maawa nemazuva chete anoderedza. Panzvimbo yevashandi vashanu vanoshanda mana, vatatu kana mazuva maviri chete.

Pakupedzisira, basa rekushanda kwemaawa mashoma rinogona kusanganisira zvose izvi mamiriro ezvinhu, uye zvo rimwe zuva rekushanda uye sabata rose rekushanda rakaderedzwa panguva imwe chete. Nguva yekushanda yehurumende chero ipi zvayo inofanira kubvumirana pakati pemushandi uye mushandi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana iwe ukapinda mutsva mutsva, kana kuti uri pairi kwechinguva.

Mukuita, mamiriro ezvinhu akapararira apo mushandi pachake achikumbira kugadziriswa kana kubviswa kwebasa renguva yakazara, achifunga nezvemamiriro ake ega: maererano nekutenda mumwe nomumwe kana kusakwanisa kushanda purogiramu yakazara. Asi rinogona kusarudzwa nemutemo. Somuenzaniso, kana zvichidiwa kumudzimai ane pamuviri, mushandi anounza mwana muduku kana kutarisira nhengo yemhuri inorwara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, basa rebasa rimwechete rinogona kuva chiito chemuchandi pachake - ipapo anofanira kuzivisa mushandi pamusoro peizvi kwevhiki dzinenge masere.

Basa risina kukwana kuMoscow kana chero rimwe guta harifaniri kurega kodzero dzebasa dzemunhu. Vashandi vanoshanda purogiramu ino vane zororo regore negore, nguva yebasa ravo inowanikwawo murefu hwebasa. Mubhuku rebasa iri nguva yebasa yakagadzirirwa nenzira yakajairika. Mukuwedzera, iwo anopiwa mabhonasi pane zvese uye ane mazuva aripo. Kubhadhara kwebasa rakadaro kunoitwa maererano nemararamiro emaawa anoshandiswa kana zvichienderana nezvakabuda.

Izwi re "chikamu-nguva" harifaniri kudikaniswa neimwe nzira yakawanda yebasa - iri purogiramu yepachena. Izvozvo zvinoreva kushandiswa kwekushanda kwenguva, kuzvimiririra kwekutonga kwekutanga uye kuguma kwezuva rebasa. Neyo purogiramu yakadaro, inomanikidzwa kungoita nhamba yakatarwa yeawa kweimwe nguva-yevhiki, mwedzi kana zuva.

Basa risina kukwana kana kushanda nehurongwa husina rusununguko runowanzotsvakwa neavo vasingadi kushanda "kubva pakudana kusvika kumhete," kuvaka hupenyu hwavo maererano nehurongwa hwekushanda uye yese simba rekutsvaga mubasa. Ndichawedzera kuti vanaamai vaduku, vadzidzi uye nevamwe vose vanofarira kushanda muMoscow, basa rekushanda kwemaawa angasave rakakodzera. Zvichida iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kushanda nekugadzirisa purogiramu, iyo ichapa rusununguko rukuru rwemazuva uye mukana wekuzvidzora.