Of amino asidhi residues izvo dzinovakwa Morekuru?

Pakati amino asidhi residues mapuroteni mamorekuru kuvakwa. Polymers akadaro yakakwirira samolecular dzinongoitika zvinhu. Zvinonzi rinoumbwa zvine maatomu akafanana zvakadai sekabhoni, pane rehydrogen, okisijeni, senitrogen chipo. The nucleic acids vane phosphorus, uye sezvo chikamu mapuroteni zhinji dzine nesarufa.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Sezvo amino asidhi residues ari Morekuru zvakavakwa mapuroteni mamorekuru, vane yakakwirira hama samolecular guru. Dzinonzi makropolimerami. Semienzaniso yakaderera samolecular uremu yeimwe zvinosanganisira alcohols, carboxylic acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, amino acids.

macromolecules

Zvinonzi yakavakwa amino asidhi residues ari Morekuru mapuroteni zvinodiwa kuti anokosha zvipenyu. Paavhareji, ayo hama samolecular gobvu rinomiririrwa iri zvinobva zvishoma zviuru miriyoni. In mamorekuru mapuroteni yeimwe, nucleic acids, polysaccharides vakafunga imwe mari yokungodzokorora dzakabatana.

Monomers anonzi mamorekuru nyore kuti ndiyo hwaro paumbwe polymer mamorekuru. Izvo mamorekuru yakavakwa kubva amino acids? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu ndiyo yaizivikanwa chero vokusekondari. Monomer navo ndivo amino acids. For polysaccharides zvinodiwa monosaccharides, uye nucleotides zvinodiwa pakuvaka nucleic acids.

Meaning of biopolymers

Saka amino asidhi residues zvakavakwa mapuroteni mamorekuru kuti mabasa akawanda mabasa. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa pakuvaka basa ravo. Kunoitawo kuti kuvaka mapuroteni mamorekuru kuti dzakananga kune munhu mupenyu muviri. Uyezve, mapuroteni mamorekuru - zvitubu simba, uye saka mapuroteni zvinosanganisira zvokudya zuva nezuva. In masero aine uwandu Organic yeimwe siyana. Somuenzaniso, zvipfuwo dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza predominance pamusoro lipids uye mapuroteni mu zvinomera uye - imwe mari makabhohaidhiretsi zvakakwana.

Pakati amino asidhi residues mhuka mapuroteni mamorekuru kuvakwa. "Zvidhinha" akadaro zviri amphoteric makemikari zviri yakarongwa puroteni Morekuru mune imwe kutevedzana. Pari pane mashoko nezvokuvapo amino acids mazana maviri, asi nokuda paumbwe sezvingatarisirwa kuitika mapuroteni chete maviri vavo kushandiswa. Vanodanwa puroteni-kusikwa. Somuenzaniso, mapuroteni zvinogona kuvakwa interlaces pamusoro alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. On nyaya amino asidhi residues izvo dzinovakwa Morekuru, vadzidzi kupa mienzaniso mhuka mapuroteni.

Zvakakurukurwa makemikari mamiriro

The amino acids izvo vanokwanisa wezvamatongerwe macromolecule, iboka amino uye boka carboxyl waakaita mumwe kabhoni atomu. Ndicho ichi chinoratidza rinobatanidza pamusoro nhamba yacho. The amino asidhi residues vakasiyana Kuronga kukuru. Zvingava hydrophilic kana hydrophobic, polar kana dzisiri polar, aunopiwa dzakananga ehupfumi kuti amino acids.

Unorema kubva amino acids anokwanisa rokuumba proteinaceous Morekuru ane rimwe carboxyl boka (waro sezvamunoita pane hydroxyl uye carbonyl) boka amino uye mumwe, saka vari sechinhu kwazvakarerekera mamorekuru.

Pane zvinhu amino acids vane amino mapoka akawanda, uyewo acidic amino acids, iro rinoumbwa mamwe mapoka carboxyl. Somuenzaniso, nesarufa maatomu ari morekuru cysteine.

kwetunhu mikana

Autotrophic zvinenge synthesize amino acids kubva inorganic senitrogen tubhokisi zvinhu uye zvibereko photosynthesis.

Heterotrophic zvinenge anoshandiswa sezvo chikuru zvokudya kunobva amino acids. Sechikamu muviri womunhu synthesized kubva amino asidhi zvibereko muviri. yeimwe kwakadaro vanoonekwa kuchinjaniswa. Seinokonzera kuchikosha amino acids havagoni synthesized mumuviri womunhu, uchishandisa zvimwe zvokudya. Chii acids dzinonzi zvinokosha kuti munhu? Izvi lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Nokuti muviri wemwana pane zviviri zvinokosha amino acids: histidine uye arginine.

Sezvo amino acids vari amphoteric yeimwe, ivo ne kumusoro reactivity. Between imwe amino asidhi uye carboxyl boka yechipiri Morekuru anoumba makemikari chisungo, inonzi peptide (amide) chisungo.

Somugumisiro akadaro makemikari maitiro kunobereka Linear peptide mamiriro. Imwe kuguma mukomboni itsva aine boka amino, uye wechipiri ane akasununguka carboxyl boka. mamiriro kwakadaro kunoita dipeptide kushamwaridzana nevamwe mamorekuru, amino acids, pova polypeptide akakura.

mhedziso

The peptides vari zvikuru kukosha kuti upenyu hwevanhu. Polypeptides ari mamiriro avo vari muchetura, nemishonga, uyewo mamwe mahormone. Polypeptide maketani ringaumbwa ezviuru amino acids kurongwa nenzira yakananga kutevedzana. Kudai amino asidhi residues akaumbwa mapuroteni macromolecules, dzinonzi nyore.

Kana urongwa puroteni Morekuru hakusi chete amino asidhi zvinoriumba, asi cations esimbi, manganese, zingi, shuga, nucleotides, lipids, mune ichi kana morekuru anonzi mapurotini dzakaoma. Sehwakajairika nyore mapuroteni patsanura fibrin, ropa albumins, makemikari.

Complex mapuroteni mamorekuru vanowana antibodies (immunoglobulins) makemikari. Kune mhando ina STRUCTURAL sangano puroteni mamorekuru. Primary mamiriro ndiye Linear kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino asidhi residues chokuita ne peptide (amide) zvisungo.

It anosarudza mashandiro, zvivako, uyewo chimiro puroteni. Pahwaro chezvinhu hurongwa kusika dzakasiyana mushanduro zvivako. Muviri wose ine yakasiyana chepuraimari mamiriro pachavo, iyo pave zvimwe zvinetso kwetunhu. Somuenzaniso, zvinetso kusarudzwa mishonga yomuchipatara kuti dzakananga vanhu.