Oculomotor Tsandanyama: mhando uye mabasa. Tsandanyama kuitawo ziso pamakona

Oculomotor Tsandanyama anobatsira kuita kwakarongeka fambisa pakati eyeballs, uye zvakafanana, dzinopa yepamusoro maonero. Kunakidzwa-dimensional matatu mufananidzo wenyika, unofanira kugara kuitisa kurovedza tsandanyama tishu. Chii anoratidza kuti aite, uudze nyanzvi mushure kwazvo kuongorora. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu zvakafanira kubvisa zvachose kuzvidzora kurapa.

Vhuṱanzi

Ziso Tsandanyama muri rudzi matanhatu, pamwechete mana akananga uye vaviri oblique. Ivo saka nokuda yezvakaita kosi ari mhango (muchadenga), izvo dziri, uyewo nokuda aida nhengo wezvakaonekwa. mashandiro avo inotongwa etsinga harinzwi kuti dziri mubhokisi craniocerebral, yakadai se:

1. Oculomotor.
2. Vent.
3. Block.

Ziso Tsandanyama zvakawanda tsinga, izvo vanokwanisa kupa yakajeka, yakarurama kana uchifamba maziso ako.

chitsungo

Eyeballs mashoko kuburikidza dzakawanda fibers ngaasimbise kufamba sezvo unidirectional kana multidirectional. Nokuti unidirectional rotations vari kumusoro, pasi, akasiya, uye vamwe, kuti multidirectional - rutapudzo ziso pane imwe nguva. kufamba izvi kubatsira kushanda noruyanano uye nyama ndiwo chete munhu mufananidzo, nemhaka raparadza rake chete chikamu the retina.

Tsandanyama inogona kufamba meso vaviri panguva imwe chete azadzise inokosha basa:

1. Sangano iri chete negwara. Inonzi verzionnym.
2. Sangano kwakasiyana-siyana. Inonzi vergence (convergence, kusiyana uku kunoita).

Chii STRUCTURAL zvinhu?

Sezvambotaurwa, oculomotor tsandanyama ndiwo:

1. Straight. Iva mberi negwara.
2. Obliques vane gogonera sitiroko mhando uye vasiyana chitunha okumusoro jira.

izvi ziso Tsandanyama zvose vanotanga gobvu unobatanidza mhete iyo runopoteredza rokunze yokutanga optic chiteshi. Pakadaro, kunze ari pamukova rezasi oblique. All shanu tsandanyama fibers apo wezvamatongerwe fanera, rine tsinga mukati, kusanganisira mukuru ziso, nemidziyo.

Kana kwakadzama, zvichava kuonekwa sei oblique vakatsauka kumusoro uye mukati, saka pakusika chikwata. Uyewo munzvimbo iyi pane kuchinja kubva fibers iri mudzira, anokandwa kuburikidza chaiwo loop, uye iyi pane kuchinja divi rayo kusvika skew. Zvadaro pane kuda kwayo kune rokumusoro rokunze quadrant muviri pazasi rokumusoro jira zvakananga mhando.

Zvakakurukurwa muduku oblique tsandanyama uye zvemukati

Kana akaderera oblique tsandanyama, izvozvo zvinobva kumucheto chomukati iyo iri pazasi ziso panosangana uye kunosvika kuchivanze kumuganhu rezasi shure tsandanyama ndivo zvakananga mhando. Oculomotor Tsandanyama pedyo Apuro, zvikuru takapoteredzwa Kamudzira pamusoro gobvu fibers, kureva mumvuri goko, uye ipapo kubatana kwavo sclera, asi kwete panguva iyoyo kure kubva limbus.

The kunyatsoshanda pakati vakawanda fibers iri nokudzorwa ari oculomotor etsinga. Pakadaro, kunze vaiona rokunze rectus, kuona kuroorana ayo abducens, uye mukuru oblique, iyo inopiwa tsinga nomunhu kubva kuna chinogumbura etsinga. Internal ziso Tsandanyama dziri pedyo limbus, uye pamusoro zvakananga uye oblique vseredine vasiyana nhengo wezvakaonekwa.

The chikuru chinoratidza innervation - gwenya tsinga bazi monitors utano shoma tsandanyama, saka hapana kunonyanyisa zvakarurama kana anozunungusa ziso kwevanhu.

Structural zviri okumusoro ngaatarire uye oblique tsandanyama

On sei zvakabatanidzwa oculomotor tsandanyama, achavaponesa kufamba Apuro. Yomukati dzokunze ngaatarire fibers vanosarudzirwa yakatambarara hama kuti ndege womuviri, saka munhu anogona kuvaita yakatambarara. Uyewo, tsandanyama idzi mbiri tinoita pakupa wehunyambiri zvitange.

Zvino funga sechivako ziso tsandanyama oblique mhando. Vanokwanisa mukuderedza rukungiso zviito zvikuru kunzwisisa. Inogona chokuita zvimwe zvaidiwa nzvimbo uye aida sclera. Oblique tsandanyama, riri pamusoro, kunobatsira muviri chichiburutswa uye zvayaitenderera paguyo kwekunze, uye rezasi - kumuka uye pauri kunze.

Zvakakodzera kufunga chimwe chinhu kuti kunokanganisa okumusoro ngaatarire uye oblique tsandanyama - vane rakaisvonaka murau tsinga nomunhu, pane zvakanaka kwakarongeka basa tsandanyama zvinyama yeziso, uye munhu anokwanisa kuita dzakaoma kufamba kwakasiyana-siyana. Saka vanhu vanogona kuona-dimensional matatu mufananidzo, mufananidzo unhu kunowedzerawo, iyo zvino akatumira muuropi.

ebetsero tsandanyama

Kuwedzera fibers izvi kubasa uye kufamba yeziso unobatanidzwa uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri kuti vakombe ziso mutswe. Panyaya iyi, rinokosha anonzi dzeraundi makavharidzira tsandanyama. It ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe mamiriro anomirirwa akawanda mumativi - orbital, uye lacrimal emakore.

Nokudaro, zvinoderedza kuti:

• ophthalmic chikamu kunoitika nokuda kuswatura pamusoro transverse muzvirugu ayo akaronga munzvimbo pamberi, uye achishandisa richikwidibira ziso brows uye kuderedza pakakoromoka;
• rokunyika chikamu kunoitika achishandisa clamping mutswe ziso;
• misodzi mugove tichiregeredza kuwedzera lacrimal zai.

zvikamu zvose izvi zvitatu, iyo dzeraundi makavharidzira tsandanyama, dziri pasi pose. Kutanga kushandisa yavo medial yorusvingo pachishandiswa pfupa. Innervation kunoitika nokuda duku mapazi chiso etsinga. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chero voltage rutapudzo chero mhando ziso tsandanyama kana kuitika kushandisa tsinga.

Other ebetsero tsandanyama tishu

Panewo yechipiri fibers Rank unitary, machira multiunitarnye kuti inotsvedzerera mhando. Multiunitarnye - ndiyo ciliary tsandanyama uye zvinyama pakati Iris. Unitary faibha iri pedyo izvo, uye mamiriro anokwanisa kupa pokugara. Kana iwe zorora tsandanyama ichi, zvinokwanisika kuti uchatamisa mufananidzo akatarira the retina, uye kana pane zvinoderedza kwayo, inotungamirira chinokosha protrusion pamusoro izvo, uye zvinhu zviri pedyo, unogona kuona zvakawanda nani.

dzichipfekeka zvinhu

Kushanda uye anatomi ziso tsandanyama vari zvinodyidzana. Sezvo mamiriro anenge hwatoitwa nehanya, zvino udzamu kuongorora mashandiro ichi mhando tsandanyama rinenge pasina izvo munhu asingadi kukwanisa kunzwisisa nyika yakatipoteredza.

Huru dzichipfekeka chepfungwa - kukwanisa kupa renguva inofamba ziso kwakasiyana-siyana :

• Vachiuya imwe nguva, kuti, pane sangano Somuenzaniso, kuti mhino. Nyaya iyi iri anopiwa mukati rokumusoro mberi uye mberi muduku rectus tsandanyama tishu.
• Kutapa, kureva pane kufamba munzvimbo zvenyama munharaunda. Nyaya iyi inopiwa rokunze mutsetse, mberi okumusoro oblique tsandanyama dzomuviri.
• The kumusoro sangano iri nokuda zvakarurama kushanda okumusoro ngaatarire oblique tsandanyama mhando.
• Rigone kufamba imhaka zvakarurama kushanda muduku rectus uye mukuru oblique tsandanyama.

kufamba ose zvakaoma uye mumwe zvichipindirana.

nokudzidziswa zviitwa

Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mitemo ziso kufamba zvingaitika, saka kana zviratidzo kutsauka wokutanga kubvunza nyanzvi uyo, mushure kunyatsoongorora anogona mishonga chinobudirira kurapwa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji uye tsandanyama rinenge zvokurwara chapedzwa surgically. Kuti tidzivise chero matambudziko uye kupindira, dzose muviri weziso tsandanyama kunofanira kuitwa.

mienzaniso

• Exercise 1 - kunze tsandanyama. Kuzorora, kwete chete tsandanyama rinenge asiwo meso, unofanira kukurumidza boira kweminiti hafu. Zvadaro kufaranuka uye kudzokorora muviri zvakare. Zvinobatsira pashure basa uye refu agere pakombiyuta.
• Exercise 2 - nokuti pezviri tsandanyama. Pamberi pa chinhambwe 0.3 mamita inofanira kuiswa chigunwe uye kunyatsoongorora payo masekonzi mashoma. Zvadaro sevasingaoni, asi kuramba kumutarira. Zvadaro tarisisa pane womunwe wako 3-5 seconds.
• Exercise 3 - kusimbisa jira zvinokosha. The muviri uye musoro anofanira wakaiswa. Meso vanofanira kutamira kurudyi nokuruboshwe. Kutungamirira parutivi anofanira kufadza. Muchechi chiitwa anofanira kanenge 9-11 nguva.