Nzvimbo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzezvematongerwo enyika

Mhedzisiro yechikoro ichi muzana remakore rechi17 kubva pamusana wekuti hurumende dzidziso yekutanga yezvemari - mercantilism - haina nguva, uye haigoni kugadzirisa matambudziko anotarisana nehupfumi hwemazuva iwayo. Nhoroondo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzechiGiriki , iyo baba vavo iyo yose yakagamuchirwa naW. Petty, yakapfuura pakuumbwa kwayo zvimwe zvikamu, zvandinoda kutaura pamusoro pezvo.

Nzvimbo yekutanga - kuguma kwezana remakore rechi17 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi18, apo W. Petty muEngland, naPaul Boisguillebert muFrance vakatanga kutanga zvitsva zvenguva iyoyo nezvehupfumi, izvo zvakakurumidza kugadziriswa kuva mupfungwa yakadai sekorosi yechikoro chezvematongerwo enyika.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mukirasi yechikoro pakati pezana remakore rechi18 yakadaro kufadza kunowanzoitwa sa physiocracy, nheyo yayo Francois Quesnay. Vamiririri vezviitiko izvi vanoisa huripo mune zvekurima, vachitenda kuti chete inogadzira chigadzirwa. Uye, somuenzaniso, smithschete chete anongoshandura zvinhu zviripo, saka mabasa avo haasi akaoma.

Chikamu chechipiri chakanyatsobatana nechekodzero yezvemari Adam Smith, ane basa rokuti "We Wealth of Nations" (1776) richiri kukonzera kufarira zvikuru kwesayenzi. Mukurumbira wake "ruoko rusingaoneki rwemusika" rwaionekwa seve pfungwa yakakurumbira yenguva iyoyo uye kwenguva yakareba yaizivikanwa seyo chete yakarurama. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kune mamwe mimwe mitemo inogadzirisa iyo inobatsira kuti chero tsvakurudzo yekubatsira kweumwe munhu ichange ichitungamirira kune rubatsiro rwevanhu vose. Uyewo, misika ndiyo nzira inoshambadzira pakati pezvido zvevatengesi nevatengi.

Nharaunda yechitatu (inenge yehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi19) yakatariswa nekushandura, kunyanya muEngland, pakugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa, izvo zvakaita kuti shanduko yezvekushandura. Nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzezvematongerwe enyika panguva iyoyo dzakagadzirwa naD. Ricardo, T. Malthus, J.B. Iti.

Pakupedzisira, nharaunda yechina, iyo yakatora chikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi19, Karl Marx, kutanga kwezvose, kugadzirwa kwemabasa akanakisisa akaiswa panguva yose, apo paiva nechikoro chechikoro chezvematongerwe enyika.

Zvinofanira kunzi kuti kazhinji chikoro ichi chinonzi chiduku zvakasiyana-siyana-bourgeois mune zvematongerwe enyika. Icho chikonzero ndechokuti zvakanyatsoenderana neizvi zvekuti zvematongerwo enyika zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakagadziriswa, sezvo vamiririri vairemekedza kuchengetedza zvido zvebourgeoisie. Zvaakafunga pamusoro pekusapindira kwehurumende muhupfumi hwemakorikari zvaipikisa pfungwa dze mercantilists dzakatsigira kupararira kwekushandiswa kwemitemo yekudzivirira.

Nhoroondo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzezvematongerwe enyika ndezvekudzidza kwechokwadi kwehutano hwezvehupfumi pamusana pekufungidzira uye mafungiro, asi zvidzidzo zvedzidzo. Nokudaro maikorosi akasiyana ne mercantilist empiricism.

Inzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinozivikanwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Chikonzero chetsika yebasa yekukosha. VaClassics vakati chero chinhu chipi nechipi chinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekushanda kwakawanda kwakashandiswa kuigadzira.
2. Nyika inofanira kuderedza kupindira mune zvehupfumi.
3. Maonero ezvakanyorwa zvekare akabatanidza kumatunhu ekugadzirwa, asi nzvimbo yekuparadzirwa inotora nzvimbo yechipiri.
4. Nhengo "yehupfumi" yave yatangwa, ndiko kuti, chete iyo munhu wese anotsvaka kubatsirwa, asi tsika dzetsika uye tsika dzakarashirwa.
5. Mari yakanga isingatariswi zvikuru, zvizhinji zvemabasa avo zvaisangofungidzirwa. Mari inongova chinhu chinogona kushandiswa kuchinjana zvinhu.
6. Kuvimba kwakagoverwa: kuwedzera mibairo, kuwedzera kukura kwevashandi, uye pamwe chete.

Nokudaro, classical yezvematongerwe enyika ndeye dzidziso yakatsiva mercantilism, iyo, nokuda kwezvimwe zvinhu (kukura kwehukama hwemari, kugadziriswa kwekutanga kwekuunganidza mari , nezvimwewo) hazvina kufambidzana nekufambira mberi kwezvematongerwo enyika evanhu panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, nokuda kwesayenzi, mazamu maviri ose anoshamisa uye anodzidza nechido kwete kwete chete neyemari.