China, iyo Navy: kuumbwa kwezvikepe uye zvisikwa

Nzira dzezvikepe zveMambo weKudenga dzinodzokera kumashure akare, dzakatove mazana emakore uye kunyange makumi emakore. Asi munyika yemazuva ano, vashomanana vanhu vanofarira kufambira mberi kwekare, kunze kwevanyori vezvakaitika kare. Nhasi, chikwata chema nyika ine simba rakasimba pane mamwe mauto anosanganisira China. Iyo Navy yenyika iyi, maererano nekufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana, panzvimbo yechitatu (mune zvimwe zvinhu - pachipiri) munyika. Maererano nehuwandu hwematokari, ndeyechipiri chete kumakwikwi eAmerica, asi inoputira shure kwezvikepe zveRussia maererano nehondo yekugona. Anobata chikwata chinotungamirira maererano nenhamba yevashandi. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mauto ose ehondo, anonzi People's Liberation Army yeChina.

Chinese zvikepe muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20

Yakakundwa kubva kuJapan muna 1895, nyika yakakonzera kuva muchengeti wenguva refu wepececine chaos. Nyika yacho yakawana nguva yekushandura uye yekugarara kwevanhu, yakagutsikana, kufara, uye naizvozvo basa rekutungamirira maritime simba munzvimbo iyi raisagona kutamba. Iyo bhajeti yaive shoma, mauto akashonga akanga asingakwanisi kugadzirirwa. Muna 1909, kuedza kwakagadzirwa pakuvandudza: panzvimbo yezvikepe zvina (Northern, Cantonese, Shanghai uye Fuzhou), paiva nehatu - Northern, Central uye Southern. Chimwe nechimwe chaiva nehomwe imwe yehondo uye yakawanda (kusvika kune vanomwe) vafambisi vechikepe, izvo zvingangodaro zvakaenzana nemiganhu yezvikepe zvepfuti. Yakagadziriswa, pasinei zvishoma nezvishoma, chirongwa chekuchengetedza uye zvigadziriswa. Zvadaro hurumende yakaratidza chinangwa chayo chokusimbisa Navy uye kutanga zvigadziro zvezvikepe zvemazuva ano, asi basa racho rakakundikana, zvakare, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvebhajeti. Ndakakwanisa kuvaka vatatu vengarava uye vaparadzi. Shure kwaizvozvo, ngarava yacho yakange ichizadzikiswa kamwe chete, apo yaisanganisira kudiwa kwaiitwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yese, Austro-Hungarian uye yeGermany ngarava, yakashanyira nechiitiko China. Iyo Navy yemunyika ino haisati ichishandurudzwa kubva panguva iyo kusvika pakupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.

Kuumbwa kwemapuranga ePPR

Kuti vave nemakwikwi ane simba uye emazuva ano muChinese, hapana nyika imwe yaifarira nyika yekushure-hondo, kunze kweSoviet Union, iyo yaifunga kuti PRC ichangobva kuumbwa ishamwari yaro yeAsia. Misiyamu yekutanga yaiva yezvikepe zvisina kushandiswa zvakange zvatorwa kubva kuKuomintang Republic Navy, kusanganisira yeJapan yakanyura, yakasimudzwa uye yakagadzirirwa chikepe che "He Wei". Iko Navy yakavaka China anew, uye pasina kubatsirwa kunze kwaive yakakosha. Uye vatori veSoviet vakazviita. Zviuru zvevarayiridzi vehondo, vane ruzivo rwakakura uye vane ruzivo muhondo, vakaita zvose zvavanogona kuti vawedzere kuverenga mafaira. Iko kare mukutonga kwa1949 Dalian School of Navy Officers yakatangwa. Mukuwedzera, chirongwa chekuvaka ngarava chakatangwa, kutanga kubva pamapurojekiti akaitwa muUSSR. Mushure mokunge vatamire kuChina chinotarisana nePort Arthur, PLA yakanga ine zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvehondo, kusanganisira ngarava. Pakuguma kweHondo yeKorea, vaAmerica vaifanira kubvuma kuti mutungamiri mutsva, China, akanga aonekwa munharaunda yacho. Iyo Navy yemunyika iyi yemakomunisti kusvika ikozvino muhondo yekurwisana yakanga yakaderera zvikuru kuUnited States Navy, yakabva kuHawaii, asi munzvimbo yegungwa yakaisa imwe ngozi.

Sangano chati

Chimiro chezvikepe izvi, zvakagamuchirwa zvakare muna 1909, chakazivikanwa nevanodzidza veSoviet sezvakanaka. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa muzvikamu zvitatu: North, South uye East neyo huwandu hwemasango eKingdao, Zhanjiang uye Ningbo pamwe chete. Mumaguta aya, zvivako zvehutungamiri uye mahofisi makuru aripo. Mukuwedzera, mafambisi acho akarayira akaparadzaniswa (pamusana pezvombo zvehondo), kunyange zvaive pasi pehutungamiri huzhinji hwePLA. Yakanga yakarongedzwa pamusoro pepamusoro, pasi pemvura, kumhenderekedzo yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa uye nzvimbo dzebhazi. Ngarava dzeChinese Navy dzaive dzakavakwa neSoviet, saka ruzivo rweRussia kune mukuru wechikepe rakagadziriswa. Kutevedzera hondo yeSoviet yakawanikwa mukuratidzika.

Mhando uye mafudzi akabatanidzwa

Svondo yeSoviet yejasi yepashure-hondo, kunyanya mavheji, aizivikanwa nevamwe paneche, iyo inogona kutumidzwa kuti hurumende yekare. Ndarama yepaulettes, maidhi madema uye mapepa emapfudzi nemafuta zvakakonzera kugadzirisa kwemazuva ekugadzirisa mberi uye kumutsa kuzvikudza mumadzitateguru anokudzwa. Mahofisi evakuru veChina anozvarwa nhaka iyi yekupedzisira-Stalin chic. Pamakumbo emafudzi, sekuSoviet, pane zvipembenene, vakuru vakuru vane mbiri, uye muduku pane vose. Nzvimbo yeasterisks uye kukura kwayo inofananidzwa nechikwata chinogamuchirwa muSoviet Navy kubva kumutungamiri wechidiki kusvika kumukuru. Zvimwe zvemashoko enyika zvakachengeterwa madiki makuru. Masoja evanhu veChinese Navy akasiyana kubva kuSoviet neRussia nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvekunyorwa kwemashoko, asi chimiro chekugadzirisa zvakachengetedzwa chinodzivirirwa.

Vafambisi vechikepe

Mhando yemakwikwi egungwa uye faira yeChinese Navy inenge inenge ichidzokorora zvachose chiRussia. Iyo jira rakafanana, chete nechepamusoro-soro yepamusoro. Mabhodhi akafananawo akafanana, pasinei nekunyora kwekunyora. Hazvizivikanwi kuti ungasunga sei bhurukuro: Vafambisi veRussia vanobva panguva yaPetro, mabhatani anowanzoiswa pasi pamakona, apo pamabhegi akafanana. Zvingangodaro, vaChina vafambisi vezvikepe havazivi zvinyengeri zvakadai sokukosha kwezvibatanidza zvitatu pa-collar-gyussa. Uye ivo vari mukukudzwa kwekutatu kweRussia Navy (Gangut, Chesma, Sinop).

Vafambisi vechikepe veChina vanove vakanaka zvikuru, chimiro chinogara pamusoro pavo zvakanaka, shangu idzi dzakaputika, mhangura buckles nadraena. Zvose zvakafanana neyedu. Zviratidzo zvekusiyana zvakasiyana nenzira ye chevrons.

Basa raMutungamiriri, Comrade Lin Beng

Vashandi vechikepe vechiChinese vakagadzirirwa kudzivisa nzira dzinoparadza, panguva ye "Cultural Revolution" yakaodza mwoyo yose yeChina. Iyo Navy yakabatanidzwa mukudzvinyirirwa kwekumukira kweWuhan muna 1967, asi izvi zvakagadzirisa basa rayo mumhosva dzeMaoist. "Kubwinya kukuru" kwakakundikana, uye pakarepo mushure mekupera kwake kusina kubudirira, kwemazuva ano ehurumende yepamusoro yakatanga nemabasa ehurumende yezvokudzivirira Lin Beng. Inenge chikamu chimwe chete-chechishanu chebhajhini rose remauto chakashandiswa pane zvikepe. Munguva yemakore gumi nemanomwe ezana remakore rechi20, nhamba yemakungwa engarava yakawedzera kusvika zana (muna 1969 paingova nemakore makumi matatu chete chete), kakapetwa gumi nhamba yevatasvi vemasasa (pane mazana maviri). Kubudirira kwezvigadziriswe zvombo zvenyukireya zvigadzirisheni zvakatanga.

Ichi chaive danho rinokosha mukusimudzirwa kweChinese simba reNazi, asi raive richiri munzira yakazara.

The Eighties

Mutungamiriri weChina Navy, Liu Huaqing, uyo akabata hofisi kubva muna 1980, akanga ari shamwari yepedyo yeComrade Deng Xiaoping. Akakwanisa kugutsikana chaiyo mukuru wehurumende kuti hutungamiri hukuru hwerongwa hwemasvingo hunofanirwa kuchinjwa nenzira imwechete mukuda kwehutano hwemazuva ano eChina Navy. Kuumbwa kwezvikepe zvehondo zvakawanda kwakaratidza kunakidza, asi chaizvoizvo vaisagona kukwikwidzana neAmerica kana Soviet mazuva ano vaparadzi uye vafambisi vechikepe. Nhamba yepamusoro yevatungamiri vehondo inofanira kuwedzerwa. Nhungamiro yeidzidziso yaifanira kuchinja nenzira yakakodzera panguva yakatarisa-kugadzirisa zvinhu zvichienderana nekushanda munzvimbo dzakasununguka dzegungwa. Izvi zvinoda mabheketi anotangwa kubva kune ngarava, zvakadai sezvikepe zve USSR uye United States. Muna 1982, kutangwa kwekutanga kweI ICBM kubva kuChina kuendesa mabasi kwakaitwa. Muna 1984 kusvika muna1985, zvikepe zvePPRC zvikepe zvakashanyira nekushanyirwa nekushanyirwa nenyika nhatu dzakapoteredza. Iko kubudirira kuri kuzvininipisa, asi kubudirira kwakaratidzwa.

Post-Soviet period

Mumakore gumi ekupedzisira emakore ane chiuru chemakore, kwakave nekugadzirisa munyika iyo yakashandura kuwirirana kwemasimba. Kana munguva dzeMao China dzichiratidzira zvidimbu zvakadzama kune USSR, zvino mushure mekuparara kwayo kupisa kwezvitadzo zvakangoerekana zvava pasina. Pakati pezvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuderedza kusagadzikana kumativi ekumaodzanyemba kweRussia, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekusati kwamboitika mune hupfumi mune PRC, iyo yakava "yenyika musangano". Kuwedzera kwekuzadza kwemakemikari emabhizimisi anotyisidzira kuva mabhizimisi emagetsi emaguta ane vanhu vakawanda, kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvakakonzera kuchinja mune dzidziso yehondo yenyika.

Pakuzvidzivirira, hutungamiri hweChinese hwakaramba huchicherechedza, asi kusimbiswa kwaive kwakatova pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvinogona kudzivirira nyika, hupfumi hwayo uye huwandu hwevanhu vanobva kunze kwekutyisidzira. Mukuwedzera, pakanga pane dambudziko rakakurumidza reTaiwan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakakakavadzana.

Varyag isina kupera - ndege inotakura cruiser, isingatauri nemumwe munhu, yakanga isingatengi kutengwa nokuda kwezvinodiwa zvezvikepe zveChinese. Nhasi yakava yekutanga uye kusvika kure iye chete mutakuri wenhandare weChina Navy.

Mazuva ano kuumbwa kwezvikepe

Parizvino, chiChinese Navy inomiririrwa nematanho anotevera:

Vanotakura ndege - 1 (Liaoning, yaimbova Varyag, yekutakura kukuru kweChinese - kushandiswa kwayo kunenge matani 60 000).

Mumvura iri pasi pemvura-1 ("Xia", purojekiti 092), pakupedzisa kana kupedza zvimwe zvakawanda (kwete pasi pechina) mapurojekiti "Jin" (094) uye "Teng" (096).

Zvikepe zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa nuclear nuclear - 6 pcs. (Mirairo "Kinh", "Han" uye "Shan").

Diesel submarines - 68 pcs.

Ngarava dzeAn anti-marine - 116 pcs.

Missile vaparadzi -26 pcs.

Missile frigates - 49 pcs.

Ngarava dzinosvibisa - 85 pcs.

Torpedo chikepe - 9 pcs.

Ngarava dzezvikepe - 117 pcs.

Tankadesantnye ships - 68 pcs.

Mabhoti ari mumhepo mhepo - 10 pcs.

Rwendo-runodzorwa nemugwagwa unofamba - 4 pcs.

Chikwata chikuru chekugara pamhepo chinokambaira "Bison" - 2 pcs. (Zvichida vanogona kuva 4).

Kuwedzera kupfuura ndege chiuru yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, achiita mapoka ezvikepe.

Zvose kushandiswa kwezvikepe zveChina zvinodarika matani 896 000. Kuenzanisa:

Rwizi rweRussia - 927 zviuru zvitanhatu.

American Navy - 3, 378 mamiriyoni matani.

Staff

Ihurumende dzeUnited States neJapan dzinonyanya kuratidza kufunganya pamusoro pokukura kwesimba reChina Navy. Mifananidzo yezvikepe zvakasungirirwa mune imwe muromo, nekutyisa kwemashoko nguva nenguva inodhindwa mumagazini uye yakabudiswa nenhau dzemashoko. Asi kwete idzi sampuli, kazhinji dzisina kushandiswa uye dzisingasviki kune veAmerica, dzinoshumira sehogoyman guru. Nhamba iyo inomiririra nhamba yevashambadzi veChinese uye servicemen pamhenderekedzo yegungwa inofadza zvikuru. Maererano nemichina yakasiyana-siyana, inenge mazana 350 zviuru zvevanhu.

Pakati pavo:

Marines - 56.5 zviuru.

Sechikamu cheMakungwa eGungwa - 38 mamiriyoni.

MuNaval Aviation kune 34 zviuru zvevamwe servicemen.

Izvi, chokwadi, zvakawanda. Vafambisi vekuAmerica vari vaduku zvikuru - kune 332 mazana chete avo.

Russian neChina - hama nokusingaperi?

Nyika yemazuva ano yakarongedzwa nenzira iyo iyo inotaura, kudzivirira zvido zvavo, inomanikidzwa kubatana uye "kuita shamwari" nemumwe munhu, sekutonga, haasi oga. Nzvimbo inowanzoonekwa pamatambudziko akawanda enyika inoita kuti hurumende-kubatana kwezvematongerwe enyika pakati peRussian Federation neCPR. Kubatanidzwa kwemaRussia neChinese munaye gore rakapera kwakaitika mumakungwa maviri ari kure - kuMediterranean uye Japanese. Ichi chiratidzo chekugadzirira kubatsirana pamwe nekugadziriswa kwezviito hakuiti zvinoreva kuti kana pane hondo yehondo, nyika imwe ichatsigira umwe kuburikidza nekupindira kwakananga. Kana China ichida kudzorerazve chiwi cheTaiwan kana kubvisa chikamu chemuganhu weVietnam (uye iyi ichinewo hurumende yeRussia inoshandiswa kuSouth East Asia), saka hazvigoneki kuti kwete chete rubatsiro asi tsitsi dzinotarisirwa kubva "kuMuvakidzani weNorthern". Chimwe chinhu chinosungirirwa pamwe chete mugungwa pamusoro pevashandi uye magandanga. Zvisinei, PRC inyika inoda rugare, seRussia.

Pakushanyira? Gamuchirai!

Mushure mekufamba kweMediterranean, vafambisi veChina vakabhadhara rushamwari kunyika yeRussia. Ngarava dzeNavy yeChina muNovorossiysk dzakarumbidzwa nemaputi makumi maviri nemumwe mabhuti, mabheti emhenderekedzo yeTsemessky Bay akapindura nenzira yakanaka.

Vafambisi vezvikepe zvezvikepe zviviri vakatora zviitiko mumitambo yemitambo yakatsaurirwa kumakore makumi manomwe ekupamba kwekuGermany fascism.

Nzvimbo yemusangano yevamiriri vevakuru veRussia Navy (A. Fedotenkov) uye China (Du Jingcheng) ndiyo yekutonga kwemakumi mana kweguta. Mhemberero iyi, pasinei nehutungamiri, yaive yakanaka. Sezviri pachena, kuenderera mberi "Kuwirirana kweMvura - 2015" kwakabudirira. Zvichida, aya haasi ekupedzisira maitiro ekubatanidza kweRussia neChina.