Nikolay Zabolotsky: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Silver Age akapa nyika zvinoshamisa renyeredzi vadetembi. Akhmatova, Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva, Gumilev, Blok ... Kana yakanga yakadaro nguva isina kujairika, kana muchadenga kwekanguva akazeza uye akarasikirwa Pfungwa mukana chinhu incredible zvinongoitikawo. Asi zvakadaro, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri - nguva mafayawekisi, mafayawekisi munyika wokuRussia nhetembo. Stars yakapenya uye akabuda, vachisiya nhetembo - yakakurumbira uye kwete kudaro.

Anozivikanwa unknowns Z

Chimwe chezvinhu underrated vanyori nguva - mudetembi N. Z. Munhu wose anoziva kuti Akhmatova - a shasha, asi havasi vose vanogona kudzokorora nhetembo yake. Izvi zvinoshandawo mabhuroko kana Tsvetaeva. Asi okugadzira zvinhu Zabolockij kuziva zvinenge zvose - asi vakawanda havana pfungwa yokuti izvi ndizvo Z. "Zatselovali, Aizvirumbidza, mhepo mumunda ...", "mweya unofanira kushanda ..." uye kunyange "Kotja, kotenka, Kotok ...". All ichi - Zabolotskiy Nikolay Alekseevich. The nhetembo ndiko kunyora kwake. Vakaenda rudzi, vakava nziyo uye zvevana lullabies, zita romunyori yazova okushamisira kuchechi. Kune rumwe rutivi - kupfuura vepachokwadi kuzivisa rudo kubva zvose zvinobvira. Kune vamwe - a nemaune kusaruramisira kuti munyori.

prose nyanduri

Vanotuka undervaluation sei kwete chete nhetembo Nyanduri, asi chaizvoizvo hwake. Kwagara "regai kutevera sutu." Handina kundosangana mitemo, maonero uye zvinangwa. To musayendisiti, akanga akawandisa nyanduri, mudetembi - zvakare muFirisitia, kuti munhuwo zvake - muroti zvakare. mweya wake asingadi anoenderana muviri wake. Blonde pamusoro svikiro urefu, kumativi uye azere kuvatungamirira, Z akapa pfungwa imwe kwazvo uye simba. A hwakasimba jaya kwazvo prosaic chitarisiko hakurevi kunowirirana pfungwa Nyanduri wechokwadi - nehanya, pangozi uye kudzikama. Uye chete vanhu vakanga vaiziva Z yepedyo, kunzwisisa kuti pasi rino zvokunze unyengeri kukosha nhema mumwe zvinoshamisa inoshanda, vepachokwadi uye vachifara munhu.

Magumo Z kuti kuzvipokanidza

Kunyange mabhuku denderedzwa, izvo akava Nikolay Alekseevich Zabolotsky, aiva "kururama". Oberiuty - kusanyara, risible, gangaidzo zvaiita zvikuru kukodzera kambani kuti chakakura jaya. Zvichakadai, Z aiva noushamwari chaizvo uye Harms, uye Oleynikov, uye Vvedensky.

Chimwe kusawirirana gangaidzo - Z kuti mabhuku zvavanosarudza. Anozivikanwa vadetembi Soviet akamusiya hanya. Handina kufara nazvo uye kukoshesa okololiteraturnoy zvakatikomberedza Akhmatova. Asi kunzvaira, kudzikama, ghostly syurrelistichny Khlebnikov zvaiita Zabolotsky mudetembi mukuru uye chinokosha.

Nemaonero munhu inorwadza rinosiyaniswa chitarisiko chake, nzira yake youpenyu uye kunyange mavambo.

udiki

Z akaberekwa 24/04/1903 muna Kazan mudunhu, Kizichesky ugari. Akapedza ake muduku mumapurazi kumamisha. Baba - imwe agronomist, mai vake - mudzidzisi yokumaruwa. Vairarama kutanga Kazan mudunhu, akabva atamira mumusha Sernur Vyatka province. Zvino ndiwo Republic of Mari El. Gare gare, vazhinji akacherechedza imwe nevamwe hwokumusoro madudziro emazwi, vachipaza kutaura Nyanduri - Chokwadi maiva chizvarwa Nikolay Zabolotsky. The Biography munhu uyu ari rakada zvakanyatsobatana basa rake. Kuda nyika, kuremekedza murimi mudiki basa, kubata rudo mhuka, kukwanisa kunzwisisa navo - Z vose akatonga kubva ake nyika vaduku.

Z akatanga kunyora nhetembo mangwanani. Mugiredhi yechitatu, iye "yakabudiswa" rugwaro rwakanyorwa nemaoko Magazini, iyo inobudiswa mabasa avo pachavo. Uye ndiri kuita chake mamirire nokushingaira uye kutarisirwa.

Ndava nemakore gumi, Z chikoro chaicho Urzhum. Pane kufarira kukuru kwete chete mumabhuku, somunhu anogona kutarisira, asiwo kemisitiri, kudhirowa, nhoroondo. zvinhu izvi pashure akasarudza chisarudzo yakaitwa Nikolay Zabolotsky. Biography Nyanduri zvabatwa kungoda hwokusika methane kutsvaka pacharo. Pandakangosvika Moscow, akaenda pakarepo kuna maviri mano of Medicine kuyunivhesiti uye History uye Philology. Gare gare, akasarudza mushonga uye kunyange vadzidza ikoko kwetemu. Asi muna 1920, vanogara guru, vadzidzi vakanga zvakaoma pasina rubatsiro. Kukwanisa kudzivisa kushaya mari, Z akadzokera Urzhum.

Nyanduri uye nyanzvi

Gare gare, Z asi kudzidza, asi Petrograd, pamusoro kosi "Mutauro uye Literature". Akanyora nhetembo, asi tarenda ake haana vaiona. Akataura mabasa ake kuti nguva sechinhu simba uye kuburikidza chemufananidzo. Ambient amuona zvakawanda vakadzidza pane nyanduri. Zvechokwadi, sainzi yave munzvimbo ine nguva dzose kufarira Nikolay Zabolotsky. Biography Nyanduri angave akasiyana kana aita chisarudzo arege kuita versification, uye kwesainzi, iyo nguva dzose aiva penchant.

Mushure nokudzidziswa, Z akanzi kuhondo. Munguva basa, aiva nhengo wedzero bhodhi pepanhau rusvingo regimental uye vaidada chaizvo pashure kuti yaiva yakanaka iri County.

Z muMoscow

Muna 1927, Z asi akadzokera kuMoscow, umo makore manomwe apfuura akaenda kugumbuswa. Asi ikozvino akanga asisiri mudzidzi, mudetembi muduku. Z akanga mukusanzwisisa kuva Vachiita mabhuku upenyu guru. Akapinda nharo uye nhetembo manheru, pokudya ari yakakurumbira Datenroku apo vadetembi vari regulars Moscow.

Panguva iyi mashoko mabhuku kutongoravira Z pakupedzisira kuumbwa. Akauya kuna pakugumisa kuti nhetembo hakufaniri kungova kuratidzwa yemunyori manzwiro. Kwete, mundima vanofanira kutaura pamusoro zvinokosha nezvinhu zvakarurama! Sei vakadaro maonero ari nhetembo pamwe kuda okugadzira zvinhu Khlebnikov - kutadza kunzwisisa. Asi kwakanga Zabolotskii ake vakatenda chete mudetembi kumwedzi, akafanira kuyeuka kuvazukuru.

Z Zvaisanganisira zvichishamisa kuti incongruous. Akanga musayendisiti mumweya, tsika uye pragmatic kuti mwongo. Kuziva masvomhu, zvipenyu, nezvenyeredzi, kuverenga mapepa kwesayenzi panyaya idzi. Huge mwoyo wake kwouzivi inoshanda Tsiolkovsky, Z kunyange akapinda kunyorerana munyori, kukurukura nezvedzidziso cosmogony. Uye panguva imwe chete yaiva kuputsika, lyrical, nyanduri mupfungwa, kunyora nhetembo, anoramba kure zvedzidzo kuoma.

bhuku rokutanga

Panguva iyoyo pamazita nhengo Oberiu kwakanga rimwe zita - Nikolay Zabolotsky. Biography uye basa murume uyu akanga zvakabatana chaizvo mudenderedzwa vadetembi uye innovators. Rwara, zvokufananidzira, musoro kwokukurukurirana oberiutov pavanoparidza zvedzidzo nemafungiro Z vake zvakadzama nehanya kunoita kuti pave mabasa akaoma uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda.

Muna 1929 akabudisa bhuku rokutanga Z - "Columns". Haiwa, mugumisiro mabhuku akanga chete chinosekwa vatsoropodzi uye kusagutsikana pamwe pamutemo nezviremera. Sezvineiwo nokuti Z wacho, hapana mutsekwende iyi akangoverengawo yavairwisana hurumende vasina. Naizvozvo, pashure "Nyeredzi" reShanduro bhuku yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi, uye kunyange makagadzirira akagadzirwa zvinhu inotevera bhuku. Zvinosuruvarisa bhuku iri nhetembo asina akasaina kudhindwa. A chinozunguzirwa itsva kutambudzwa waitwa mudetembi kusiya hope kutsikisa.

Nikolay Alekseevich Zabolotsky akatanga kushanda Genre kwemabhuku vana mumagazini, zvaakanga aitarisira Marshak - panguva iyoyo munyika mabhuku nyika mufananidzo asina kukosha.

shanduro Jobs

Uyezve, Z akatanga kuita shanduro. "The Knight iri Panther kuti Skin" ichiri rakajairika kune vanoverenga iri shanduro Z wacho. Uyezve, iye rakashandurwa uye transcribed nokuda vana mabhuku "Gargantua uye Pantagruel", "kusvikira Eulenspiegel" uye mumwe "Nzendo Gulliver kuti" chikamu.

Marshak, mushanduri nhamba 1 nyika zvikuru basa Z vake. Panguva iyoyowo mudetembi akatanga kushanda shanduro Old kwechiSlavonic "Lay." Raiva basa guru rinoitwa zvemariro unyanzvi uye kwazvo.

Ashandurwa Z uye Alberto Saba, zvishoma-anozivikanwa Italian nyanduri muSoviet Union.

muchato

Muna 1930 akaroora Catherine Z Fang. shamwari Oberiuty akataura naye chaizvo kudziya. Kunyange anopedza Kharms uye Oleynikov vaifadzwa kuputsika vakanyarara musikana.

upenyu Z uye basa vakanga vachinyatsorindawo chokuita nomukadzi uyu kunoshamisa. Z kumbobvira akapfuma. Uyezve, akanga murombo, dzimwe nguva kutsutsa vanoshayiwa. Mari shoma padikidiki muturikiri akabvumira mhuri. Uye makore ose aya Ekaterina Klykova kwete chete vakatsigira nyanduri. Zvinonzi zvakazara vakamupa itsvo ehurumende mhuri, kwete nharo naye uye havana kuzvidzwa. Kunyange shamwari dzemhuri vakashamiswa kuzvipira vakadzi, kucherechedza kuti pane ari kuzvitsaurira kwakadaro chinhu kunyatsoti chaivo. Way kumba, zvishoma sarudzo zvoupfumi - izvi zvose anosarudza chete Z.

kusunga

Saka kana muna 1938 mudetembi akasungwa, canine upenyu yakadhirika. mujeri wake All makore mashanu yaaipedza ari Urzhum muurombo hwakanyanya.

Z akapomerwa zvinhu Anti-Soviet. Pasinei refu kunetesa Kubvunzurudzwa uye kurwadziswa, iye akasaina indictments, havana kuziva kuvapo sangano Anti-Soviet uye havana kutaura chero vanofungidzirwa nhengo. Zvichida izvi ndizvo akaponesa upenyu hwake. Mutongo waiva musasa vasungwa, uye Z akapedza makore mashanu Vostoklage, riri Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Ikoko, muna utsinye ezvinhu, Z vaita enhetembo transcription "Lay." zvino sei kutsanangura mudetembi - kuti urambe somunhu, murege kuti mamiriro umo yatova hazvibviri kusika.

mumakore achangodarika

Muna 1944, izwi yave hwakakanganiswa, uye Z vakagamuchira mamiriro somupoteri. Makore akagara Altai nharaunda, apo yasvika uye mudzimai nevana, ipapo kuKazakhstan. Avo vakanga dzakaoma nokuti mhuri. Kushaikwa basa, mari, nokusingaperi kusachengeteka uye kutya. Vakanga vachitya osungwa zvakare, vachitya kuti ndokupfura kubva pfupi kwedzimba, kutya zvose.

Muna 1946, Z anodzokera Moscow. Anorarama neshamwari, anotambira mari shanduro, upenyu hunotanga kuvaka nezvishoma. Zvino zvinoitika nderimwe dambudziko. Wife, anoramba akavimbika mudzimai akazvipira noushingi richiripo ose nematambudziko nemitoro, pakarepo anoenda mumwe. It anotengesa kutya nokuda hwavo kana upenyu vana, kwete kutiza urombo nenhamo. Just ichi makore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe mukadzi anoenda kune mumwe murume. Zvaindidya Z vake. Vanozvikudza, mudetembi unozvikudza inorwadza zvikuru akoromoke upenyu hwemhuri. upenyu Z kwakaita akapa kubhengi. Iye darted mubishi kutsvaka kunze, achiedza pave akatodzana hwandaiva kuvapo. Bayirai ruoko rwako uye mwoyo womunhu kujairwa Chokwadi, mumwe mukadzi, uye, maererano Kuyeuka shamwari, kunyange pachake, uye pafoni. Vakakurumidza akaroora, vamwe nguva aipedza nomudzimai mutsva uye akamusiya, kungotaura deleting wake upenyu wechipiri. Zvakanga iye, uye kwete mukadzi wake, akanga akazvipira kuna nhetembo "Precious ndiye mukadzi wangu."

Z akaenda kubasa. Iye anoshandurwa uye zvibereko, akanga arayira, uye pakupedzisira akatanga mari nenzira yakakodzera. Akakwanisa kupona kumbozorora nomudzimai wake - asi haaizorarama wake kudzoka. Apo Catherine akadzokera Klykova Zabolockij akatambura nechirwere chomwoyo. Gumi pemwedzi, akanga achirwara, asi kuti nguva vakakwanisa kuisa kuitira ake munyaya dzose: arongwe nhetembo, akanyora zvaanoda. Aiva murume kwazvo murufu pamwe muupenyu. Pakazopera upenyu nyanduri vose mari uye mukurumbira, uye muverengi kuti afunge. Asi vasisagoni kuchinja chinhu. utano Z kwakaita yakavhiringidzwa mapoka uye makore urombo, uye moyo mutana vasingagoni kumira kunetseka kunokonzerwa nemanzwiro.

Z rufu kwakaitika 14.10.1958 gore. Akafa munzira kuenda kugeza, kwaaienda kukwesha mazino enyu. Doctors akarambidza Zabolotsky simuka, asi akanga nguva dzose akashambidzika munhu, uye kunyange zvishoma mumwe pedant pamba.