Nicholas Perervinsky wemamongi (Moscow): purogiramu mabasa, kero, maawa kushanda. How kuti ipapo mabhazi kuna St. Nicholas wemamonk Perervinsky?

Rare ndiwo mubvunzo pakati kare pokukurukurirana akadai panguva kuvambwa St. Nicholas Perervinsky wemamonk, kamwe mumwe kupfuura uye anozivikanwa kwete chete muMoscow, asi yose Russia. Kusiyana vhidhiyo uchapupu, akaomesa Pane ngano inoti kuti imhaka pakusikwa Kulikov muhondo akatora nzvimbo, sezvamunoziva, muna 1380, uye kuti vagari wemamongi rokutanga vaiva vechikamu chiitiko ichi rinokosha.

Yemamongi pamusoro erwizi

Asi zvisinei kwayakanga azviratidza yemamongi, nzvimbo yokuti asarudze zvakanaka. Masero Vagari vokutanga dzakavakwa pachikomo pedyo pamhenderekedzo Moscow River, pamberi iyo akatambanudza picturesque penzvimbo expanses Russian, uye akapenyera kure rising Moscow kereke. Inofadza, ndatomboenda pamudyandigere kubva izere yezvivi uye miedzo egungwa upenyu, batanidza pano chete zvipikirwa kwepfungwa Musiki Pre-nokusingaperi.

Chinoshamisa, uye zita wemamongi. Zvinonzi akatenda (kunobva zvose zvakafanana ngano), kuti zvakanga kubva nenzvimbo contours of Moskva River, sokunge kuvhiringidzwa mune nzvimbo ino uye mirayiridzo kuyerera kwayo kunoita unopinza kurudyi nenzira mumusha Kolomenskoye rakamiswa pamberi panzvimbo ino. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti zita St. Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky yepakutanga yakanga yakasiyana: Nikola Old.

Wemamongi ari charters yekare

It atumidzwa yemamongi mumazuva akazoteverwa ake panotaurwa wokutanga hwakawanda huripo magwaro, izvo, sezvinei, ndiyo isina kunanga hwokuti rayo kare. The Kufunga iri nyore - saka, kana wemamongi atova makore iwayo, akanga akanyorwa se "wekare", kwayo ipapa.

Zita Perervinsky wokutanga rinowanika rimwe nemirayiro chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich, dating 1623 gore. Kubva gwaro iri zviri pachena kuti nharaunda wemamongi raiva danda chechi vachikudza St. Nicholas, uye kuwedzera, Tchernetsov mamongi akararama maviri nevakuru abbot. Munguva Polish nechisimba wemamongi yakanga yashatiswa, uyewo vazhinji Suburban dzimba, uye zvakaoma kutaura kana kuponeswa ataurwa chirevo chechi kubva mumoto, kana rakavakwazve pakazopera Panguva Troubles.

Pasi patronage madzimambo enyika Romanov rokutanga

Ushe wokutanga Romanov - Changamire Michael Fedorovich - yaiva nguva vanoshingaira kukura uye kuwedzera Nicholas Perervinsky chechechi. Vaichengeta zvinyorwa rupo mipiro, pasina pakuponesa kwavari, uyewo dzomudzimu uye vanhu kuti vape kuna wemamongi sezvo mari, uye munyengetero mabhuku uye zvemarudzi ose chechi midziyo.

Active pakuvaka wemamongi yakatanga accession cheushe mwanakomana wake - rakatevera mambo, Alexei Mikhailovich Tishayshago. Nemhaka patronage ake uye zvemari kubatsirwa 1649 akaitwa maviri chete ibwe temberi - mune kukudzwa Dormition of Amai vaMwari, kutsveneswa yakaitika Papera gore, uye Nikolaya Chudotvortsa - zvivakwa makuru, rakapera uye vagadzwe ra1654.

Iver chapero

Panguva iyoyo ushe, asi makumi maviri gare gare, paiva nedombo chechi Sergiya Radonezhskogo, uye muna Moscow Imperial chirevo kuti chechechi chapero iri rakava Neglinskih gedhi nharaunda (Papera Voskresenenskih), inowanzonzi kuzivikanwa zvino sezvo Iver. Zita iye akagamuchira somugumisiro yokuti muna 1669 akanga vakauya kubva Mount Athos akaramba mazita katsi Icon of Amai vaMwari, icho panguva mazororo kuenda yose Moscow. Naizvozvo St. Nicholas Monastery muna Perervinsky kuwana kunyange kupfuura mukurumbira, uye nokudaro mutsika vechinamato.

Paitonga Peter I

Mugumo XVII remakore munhoroondo St. Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky rakabatana ne zita Patriarch Adrian, uyo aiva kuchitsigira mutsigiri Russian kare uye yakanakisisa kurutivi zvakagadzirwa kwakamboitwa muupenyu Peter. Zvisinei, nokuzvininipisa yechiKristu zvechokwadi, haana kuwanikwa zvibvire kusimudza izwi ravo kumuzodziwa waMwari, uye pamudyandigere mudiwa wake St. Nicholas Perervinsky ndokugarapo. Pane nzvimbo chaiyo yakavakwa pamusoro pake, yainzi "masero Patriarchal" uye kwemakore zvazova nzvimbo yokunyengeterera roga. Panguva iyi basa muSt Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky kuitwa Kunyanya nokubwinya.

The brainchild pamusoro Patriarch Adrian

Achizvibhadharira zvaanoda Patriarch Hadrian akavaka pamusoro nzvimbo kuparadzwa kuitira dzake nhatu machechi okutanga akavaka maviri-storey temberi ibwe vagadzwe rokukudza St. Nicholas. It akakwezva zvakawanda vakawanda vechitendero muSt Nicholas wemamonk Perervinsky. Okutanga maawa muchechi itsva hakungoitwi chete kuronga basa, uye kusvikira pakati pousiku.

Characteristically, muchimiro temberi hunodzorwa zvinhu kuri muna Russian manyorerwo yekare, pane Moscow Baroque, ipapo wana kwakapararira zvikuru-aida mambo. Patriarch pachake akanga vatsvene nevana vavo mushure pakupera kwayo kuvakwa, uye muna 1700 mukati mamasvingo St. Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky vakabva norugare kuna Ishe.

wemazano mugari wenhaka

Zviitiko Next yakajeka yokugara yenhoroondo chokuita nezita Metropolitan of Moscow Platon (Levshin) - ". yechipiri Chrysostom" mumwe mukuru hierarchs ari synoidal nguva munhoroondo yechechi, ainzi nekuda kwechipo nokuparidza wake Zvinozivikanwa kuti, kunzwisisa kwayo kuvimbika uye erudition muminda zivo zhinji, Empress Catherine II akamugadza muperekedzi mugari wenhaka - remangwana Emperor Paul I.

Kuunza Nicholas Perervinsky Seminary

Kuva murume akadzidza zvikuru, mumaguta Plato akachema rakadzika nenhanho ruzivo pakati vafundisi avo vakashumira mumachechi akawanda Russia. Apo vapristi vaiita pakunyora nemasangano maviri chete yedzidzo - the necheSalvic-Greek-Latin Academy uye Trinity Seminary. Vakapedza kudzidza avo pachena kwete zvakakwana kuti zvinodiwa eumambo nyika. Somugumisiro kutungamirirwa neboka raiwanzosanganisira vanhu vasina ruzivo chinokosha pakunamata.

Pose pazvinobvira kuti kugadzirisa zvinhu, muna 1775, iye anopa kuti kumisa, kumonasitiri St. Nicholas Perervinsky zvechitendero, iyo inonzi vanomutevera mumazuva okutanga yainzi Plato. Kuvhura chikoro chitsva, Metropolitan Platon kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu haagumiri kutarisira ake zvavanoda. Kugara tichishanyira wemamongi, kereke vakuru zvakadzama kunzwisisa zvose zvinetso chokuita nacho, uye Hapana kuedza kuagadzirisa. hanya ake kuratidzirwa zvoupfumi zvinodiwa chokuita zvokudya uye zvokupfeka seminarians, uye panguva pamwero pakudzidzisa.

Metropolitan aripo panguva bvunzo uye kukurukurirana, vachiongorora basa vadzidzi worongera mamakisi. pamabasa ake akanga asiri pasina - makore chechitendero masvingo akauya renyeredzi yose akakurumbira nevatungamiriri vezvitendero, uye nokuda-matatu namapfumbamwe okuberekwa akapa vafundisi kuti vakawanda parishes magumo Russia.

WeChirangaridzo Dombo pachidziro chetemberi

It chikwereti zvikuru kuna Metropolitan Plato uye iye vakagara. dhigirii ake zviri zvikuru kuti avo mazita yakanga zvokutemerwa dombo rakanyorwa kuisa mukati rusvingo St. Nicholas Church. It hwaponeswa nanhasi uye rine makumi matatu namasere pfungwa, kusanganisira kwe vakawanda basa rokuvaka uye neveimba kuitwa wemamongi pasi utungamiriri hwake, uye kazhinji ari oga mari yake. Apo Metropolitan Platon basa pana St. Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky kuitwa kwete chete mumachechi asiwo masvingo chebhaibheri yaakasimbisa.

Zvekufamba of Metropolitan Filaret

Third archpastor, akasiya yakajeka aitodada munhoroondo wemamongi, akava Metropolitan pakati Moskovskiy Filaret (Drozdov). Zvaakanga huchikwira archpastoral yacho dhipatimendi muna 1821, akaramba ari pairi kweinenge hafu yezana remakore, uye yose apo vakatarisa asinganeti nemagariro Nicholas Perervinsky wemamongi, vanomushanyira kazhinji tichipedza nayo mubasa.

Murume zvemariro erudite uye vakadzidza, Bishop Filaret akaita mupiro nemufaro kuti kusimudzira Orthodoxy akava initiator uye chikuru executor pamusoro kweBhaibheri kubva mutauro kwechiSlavonic kupinda Russian, nokudaro achichipa kukwanisa kuverenga vanhu, kure Chechi yeOrthodox uye regai kutaura mutauro wekereke yekare.

Saka, muna yemo dhipatimendi

Akaburuka munhau, uye ake mabhuku basa - kunyanya enhetembo polemic pamwe A. S. Pushkinym. Ichinyatsozivikanwa ake paruzhinji Achipindura nomudetembi kukuru mwoyo uye tariro mutsetse nhetembo "The Chipo maturo, chipo chero." Mariri setuyuschemu maturo uye chinangwa muupenyu Aleksandru Sergeevichu Bishop Filaret ari zvikuru unyanzvi muchimiro zvinhu dzisina upenyu pachahwo, uye kwete munhu ndiani akatipawo inofanira mhosva nokuda chokunamata rakatidzidzisa achivharwa, asi ivo pachavo chete, vakanyura mune maturo uye kuchiva . Out, akati, Ndiye kugadzirisa pfungwa dzavo kuna Mwari.

Huro chikoro yeko uye dunhu

Muna 1824 wemamongi kuseminari, yakavambwa Metropolitan Platon, yakaguma uye panzvimbo yayo akasika Perervinsky Nicholas yeko, uye ipapo chikoro weruwa. Pasinei yokunyanyisa basa, Bishop Filaret akawana nguva dzose kushanyira kuna vakavapfigira paruzhinji bvunzo. Mumakore iwayo, chimiro ichi yokuedzwa rave vakagamuchirwa zvikuru uye vakabatsira kuti zvinhu sezvazviri kuti mazano pachena. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kazhinji pachake kusimba kufara apo mudzidzi akaratidza ruzivo waida kuti kuvapindura akabvunza mibvunzo uye. Kunopiwa naJehovha uye anobatsira mune zvimwe pakuvaka uye kuvandudzika pakati wemamongi.

The rakakura epamba mufundisi ari XIX remakore, nokuti basa rake uye upenyu, razova muenzaniso webasa rechiKristu Mwari uye nevamwe, Metropolitan Drozdov akakudzwa vatsvene. A kuziva akadzama: ake makuru-muzukuru chibvi nyanzvi Moscow State University Nikolay Nikolaevich Drozdov, aizivikanwa zvose sezvo hondo chirongwa "Munyika emhuka."

Makore zvachose kusatendera

Mushure October Revolution Perervinsky Nicholas wemamonk mu Printers - sezvazvakanyorwa inowanzotaurwa nezvayo pasi zita kuitika yacho apo riri, - akaudzawo inovava zvichaitirwa zviuru Russian dzemamongi matsvene. Mumazana maviri yaiva muitiro nezvishoma abolition uye kuchinjwa kuti kwakavakirwa kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzebhizimisi zvinangwa. Purogiramu Services muSt Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky refu yakanyangarika pasuwo wemamongi, ne ehurumende-vaiva signboards vane mazita ehurumende masangano anoiswa mariri.

A akasuruvara chaizvo hwakafanorongwa uye katsi Chapel. Akanga kakawanda kubirwa uye vapari vemhosva, uye vamiririri hurumende itsva. With mifananidzo, uyo Russia zvose, makororo vakaba korona, ubrus nematombo anokosha. Gold nguo uchatumbura navo vakundikana naye, asi izvi zvinobudirira akakwanisa iyo vakanga vachitevera nemapurisa epachivande.

Muna 1924, vakanga vaidzvinyirirwa, nhengo dzakawanda munharaunda, uye chapero kwemakore mashanu akanga achigona renovators - kufamba vafundisi, dissenting kubva pamutemo Orthodoxy vakaedza kuchinja bumbiro kereke uye upinde pamwe chete Bolsheviks. Pakupedzisira, muna 1929 Mutongo Moscow City Council yakaparadzwa.

Fresh mweya kugadzirisa

Mufambiro Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas Cathedral zvakapfuudzwa muna 1991, asi dambudziko raiva kuti nharaunda yose wemamongi, zvivako zvayo vakawanda yakaramba enzvimbo ehurumende, uye kusandura dzebhizimisi kurendesa "Stankokonstruktsiya". makore matatu chete gare gare kwakasarudzwa kudzokera kuchechi kwake, uye ipapo vakatanga kushingaira ndiponesezve rose St. Nicholas wemamonk Perervinsky. Purogiramu services - sezvo nzvimbo yainamatirwa chiratidzo kuberekwazve - chakamukazve chava Sangano pamusoro etemberi huru.

Zvisinei, izvozvo akatarisana basa rakakura. Kuwedzera St. Nicholas Cathedral, zvikakandirwa nguva yakakodzera ezvinhu, chaifanira kupora uye kudzorera Iver Cathedral, kwangopera zvabviswa nemaindasitiri vakasara. Zvikuru mirayiridzo ichi chakaitwa kwete chete kune vagere wemamongi, uye mubayiro-workers, asi kuisa vanhu vakaratidza chido kubatsira kunokurumidza kumutsidzirwa temberi.

St. Nicholas Monastery Perervinsky: sei kuti ipapo mabhazi?

Mumazuva edu yekare yokugara zvichangobva akazarura mikova mhami ayo vose vanoda minamato pasi namaberere, rangarirai guru vatungamiriri emakore akapfuura Church. Vose vakafara kugamuchira Nicholas Perervinsky wemamongi, vane kero iri: Ul. Highway, 82. Drive kwairi, unogona kutora Metro kuchiteshi "Printers", uye ipapo mumabhazi №№ 292, 703 kana 161. Unogonawo kusvikwa nevanhu tekisi, vachitevera Metro yemapurisa "Textile vashandi" kuti chemabhazi "St. Nicholas wemamonk Perervinsky" . Purogiramu mabasa ari yokugara zvinotevera: Weekday yokunamata 7:30, akathist pa 16:00 uye manheru kunonamata pa 17:00. On mazororo uye pakupera kwevhiki, mangwanani Misa pa 6:30 am uye gare gare pa 9:00. Musi weSvondo uye rinewo chinokosha vana imwe dzidziso. Zvinotora nzvimbo pa 8:00.