Nhoroondo Colonisation pakati America

History of New America ane emakore asina zvakawanda. Zvino akatanga muzana remakore rechi16. Panguva iyoyo Columbus vakaona kondinendi itsva vanhu vakatanga kusvika. Ita vakatama vachibva kunyika zvenyika vakawanda yakasiyana zvikonzero kuuya World Itsva. Vamwe vavo chete aida kutanga upenyu hutsva. Chiroto chechipiri kupfuma. Vamwezve vakatsvaka utiziro kutambudzirwa chitendero kana kushungurudzwa nezviremera. Zvechokwadi, vose vanhu ava vaiva vemarudzi akasiyana netsika dzakasiyana. Vari kupatsanurwa pane mumwe nokuda ruvara. Asi ivo vose mugove mumwe chido - vachinje upenyu hwavo uye kuumba nyika itsva kubva muvare. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo Colonisation of America.

pre-Columbian kumwedzi,

Vanhu vaigara North America kweinopfuura chete chemakore. Zvisinei, mashoko pamusoro zvemo venyika ino kuti nguva yokuoneka pano vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vakawanda vane zvishoma chaizvo.

Somugumisiro tsvakurudzo kwakaonekwa kuti chokutanga vokuAmerica vaiva boka duku revanhu avo akatamira kune kondinendi yose North-East Asia. Ungangove, ivo nyanzvi idzi vanenge zviuru 10-15 apfuura, vagura vachibva Alaska beneaped kana akachengetwa Bering Strait. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanhu vakatanga kuenda kure negungwa, rwezasi yeAmerica. Saka vasvika Tierra Del Fuego uye Strait of Magellan.

Vaongorori vanodavirawo kuti pane kufanana kwacho ichi pamusoro kondinendi akamuka pamusoro mapoka maduku vaPolynesia. Vakagara pasi kunyika yezasi.

Avo uye vamwe vanhu misha vanozivikanwa kwatiri sezvo Eskimos uye maIndia, vanoonekwa kuti vagari America rokutanga. Uye maererano nguva dzokugara pamusoro Continent - runodiwa.

Kuwanikwa imwe kondinendi idzva Columbus

The vokuEurope wekutanga akashanyira New World Spanish. Vatariri kupinda asingazivikanwi nyika navo, ivo vanozivikanwa pamusoro map kuIndia, Cape of Good Hope uye Western kumahombekombe nzvimbo Africa. Asi ichi vaongorori havana kugumira ipapo. Vakatanga kutsvaka pfupi nzira kuti aizotungamirira munhu Europe kuna India kuti akavimbisa mukuru kwoupfumi kubatsira madzimambo ose Spain nePortugal. Mugumisiro imwe yenzendo idzi uye rakanga kuwanikwa America.

Zvino zvakaitika October 1492, yakanga zvino rwendo Spanish vaitungamirirwa Admiral Christopher Columbus chakasungirirwa kuti chitsuwa chiduku, iri kumadokero hemisphere. Saka peji rokutanga nhoroondo Colonisation pakati America wakavhurwa. In nyika iyi zvinoshamisa vakadirana vachienda Hispanic. Zvichitevera vari Western Hemisphere vakanga vagari France uye England. Nguva Colonisation of America.

Spanish vakundi

The Colonisation pamusoro America nevokuEurope pakutanga haana kukonzera vairamba kubva vomunzvimbo. Uye izvozvo zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti kugara makatanga chaizvo rinopikisa, varanda uye kuuraya maIndia. Special utsinye hwakaratidza Spanish vakundi. Vakapisira uye vakapamba misha veko, kuuraya vagari vawo.

Nechekare pakutanga pamusoro Colonisation of America, kuti vokuEurope kuna kondinendi zvirwere zvakawanda. vanhu Local vakatanga kufa kubva matenda chibhokisi uye gwirikwiti.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi16 yakanga hunodzorwa Spanish colonists kuAmerica. Yavo yaibva New Mexico kuna Cape Gori uye akauya youmambo chefuma nakisisa purofiti. In iyi pamusoro Colonisation of America, Spain achazunza zvose pakuedza dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope kuwana nzvimbo mundima ino zvekuvaka-vapfumi.

Zvisinei, panguva imwe cheteyo kushandura pakuenzanisa simba hwakatanga muna Old World. Spain, apo madzimambo kuchenjera mari Rwako makuru achibva mapoka goridhe nesirivha, akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kurega panzvimbo yavo, achivapa Britain, iyo upfumi kwakasimbiswa nokukurumidza. Mukuwedzera, pamberi kwezuva rudzi simba, tenzikadzi pamakungwa European superpower, wakakurumidza-refu hondo Netherlands, kurwisana ne England uye Reformation muEurope, kurwa vanopedza mari yakawanda. Asi pakupedzisira pfungwa yokuenda muSpain aiva worufu muna 1588 armáda. Pashure paizvozvo, vatungamiri vari nedanho Colonisation pamusoro America akatanga England, France uye Holland. Vakatama vachibva kunyika idzi ndakasika mutsva sefungu immigration.

French nyuchi

Vatama kubva nyika iyi European aifarira, kupfuura zvose, furs zvinokosha. Panyaya iyi, kuti French haana kutsvaka kubvuta nyika, sezvo kumba vanhuwo zvavo, pasinei mutoro feudal sungiro, pachine varidzi zvavo kwokurangana.

Mavambo Colonisation reFrance America wakange akaiswa kwezana remakore rechi17. Zvaive munguva iyi Samyuel Shamplen inotangwa kadiki kugarwa pamusoro Acadian Peninsula, uye gare gare (muna 1608) - Quebec City. Muna 1615, umambo French ndokumonereka kusvikira Ontario uye Lake Huron. Munzvimbo idzi isu vaipinda dzokutengeserana makambani, remasangano chakanga Hudson kuti Bay Company. Muna 1670 unahwo vakagamuchira mugwaro racho uye zvakashandiswa kutenga hove uye furs pamwe maIndia. Local vagari vakava "vabati vechibharo" makambani apinda richikurukura sungiro uye zvikwereti. Mukuwedzera, maIndia nyore fleeced, nguva dzose kupanana akatiwanira zvinokosha furs yavo trinkets haana kukodzera chinhu.

nhaka Great Britain

Kutanga British Colonisation kuNorth America chakatangwa muzana remakore rechi17. Kunyange wokutanga kuedza vakanga vakaita remakore adarika. The kugarwa yeNyika Itsva vanotongwa British Crown akaita nokukurumidza kukura capitalism munyika yokumusha kwavo. Panobva kubudirira British nevhu rakawandisa kwave kusikwa yaitonga zvokutengeserana makambani, izvo vakashanda mumusika vatorwa. Vakauyawo nakisisa purofiti.

Zviri Colonisation kuNorth America Great Britain yaiva yokuti munzvimbo iyi, hurumende akaumba maviri zvokutengeserana Makambani kuti vane zvakawanda zvokushandisa. Raiva London uye Plymouth yakasimba. Makambani aya akava youmambo bumbiro pasi zvavakanga vapiwa nyika yaiva pakati 34 uye 41 madhigirii rwokumusoro Latitude, uye pasina kukamurwa kunosvika kure negungwa. Saka England abvuta ndima, pakutanga aiva maIndia.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17. Muhutongi Virginia rakavambwa. Kubva ichi zvebhizimisi vezvokutengeserana Virginia Company anotarisira zvimwe kwemari. At mari kambani yake kuna nyuchi kutamira vaiita chikwereti chavo mukati mumakore 4-5.

Muna 1607 Yakaumbwa yokugara itsva. Yakanga muhutongi Jamestown. Rakanga riri panzvimbo machakwi apo vaigara Umhutu zhinji. Uyezve, nyika Vakandikomberedza kuzorwa runodiwa. nokukurumidza Constant skirmishes pamwe maIndia uye hosha kwakauraya upenyu-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu Preselentsi.

Chimwe nyuchi British - Maryland - rakaumbwa muna 1634 kwake British kugara vakagamuchira mapindu uye vakava vasimi nemabhizimisi makuru. Vashandi dzimwe nzvimbo izvi ndiye Chirungu murombo, uyo akashanda kunze mutengo kutamira America.

Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, panzvimbo indentured varanda vari mapoka vakatanga kushandisa muranda wechibharo Negro. Vakatanga kuuya zvikurukuru kumaodzanyemba dzaidzorwa.

Over 75 Makore pashure paumbwe muhutongi Virginia British akamisa 12 mamwe misha akadaro. Massachusetts iyi New Hampshire, New York uye Connecticut, Rhode Island uye New Jersey, Delaware uye Pennsylvania, North uye South Carolina, Georgia uye Maryland.

Kukura Chirungu nyuchi

Poor vanhu munyika yose Old World vakawanda vakatsvaka kusvika America, nekuti kwavo maonero aiva munyika yechipikirwa, yamunopiwa ruponeso kubva zvikwereti uye chitendero. Ndokusaka European Colonisation kuti America kwakanga kwakapararira. Entrepreneurs vakawanda vasisiri dzakapfigirwa muchiuto kutamira. Vakatanga kuronga vachirwisa vanhu vake chaivo, pokunamatidza ndichivatuma kuti chikepe kusvikira sobered kumusoro. Ndokusaka paiva kugomo Kuwedzera kuBritain nyuchi. It kwaitsigirwa uye agrarian yechimurenga ari UK, somugumisiro iyo paiva vakawanda kugamuchira nyika kubva kuvarimi.

Vakapamba hurumende yake murombo akatanga kutsvaka mukana kutenga nyika dzaitongwa. Saka, kana mune 1625 mu North America akararama 1980 vanhu, muna 1641 chete, vatama kubva kuEngland, kwaiva vanenge 50 zviuru. Kunyange pashure pemakore mashanu, nhamba vagere mumisha ava anenge mazana maviri nezviviri vanhu.

The unhu vanotama

Nhoroondo Colonisation pakati America dzakapiswa hondo kuparadzwa pamusoro zvemo vagere munyika. The Vagari vakatora nyika kubva maIndia, zvachose achiparadza marudzi.

kuchamhembe America, iyo yainzi New England, vanhu vanobva Old World vakaoneka neimwewo nzira. Pano nyika kubva maIndia vawana tichibatsirwa "kwema ezvokutengeserana". Naizvozvo, ichi chaiva chikonzero tendero pfungwa kuti madzitateguru ari Anglo muAmerica havana kanganisa pamusoro rusununguko runodiwa. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nyika kubva Old World akawana maturakiti nyika hombe kuti boka marozari kana tsama gunpowder. Panyaya iyi, maIndia, vakanga vasiri vanoziva chaiyo, sezvinoita mutemo, asingadi kunyange zvokufungidzira nezvokuva zvibvumirano vakagumisa navo.

mupiro wake dzakaitika Colonisation kwakaita uye chechi. Iye akamusimudza kuti chinzvimbo anoyamura zvinoitwa kurova maIndia.

Mumwe mapeji unonyadzisa munhoroondo yacho Colonisation pakati America ari mubayiro scalps. tsika iyi ropa vasati vasvika kugara aivapo chete mamwe marudzi vanogara mundima okumabvazuva. Nokusvika pakati dzakadzidzvinyirira zvoutsinye yakadaro vakapararira. Chikonzero ichi chakakonzerwa internecine hondo umo kutanga kushandiswa nepfuti. Mukuwedzera, scalping muitiro akwanise zvikuru pakuparadzirwa resimbi mapanga. Pashure pezvose, matanda kana pfupa zvokushandisa vaiva maIndia pamberi Colonisation, kuomesa zvikuru kuvhiyiwa yakadaro.

Zvisinei, ukama kutamira pamwe zvemo vagari havana hasha kudaro nguva dzose. Vanhuwo vakaedza kuramba zvakanaka vavakidzani pabonde. varimi murombo vanodzidza kubva Indian okurima ruzivo uye kudzidza kubva kwavari, achichinja kuita zvinhu zveko.

Vatama kubva kune dzimwe nyika

Asi kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, ivo colonists vokutanga vakanga vakagara North America, vasina zvakafanana muchitendero uye ndezvake akasiyana mumagariro strata. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti zvizvarwa zvemo the Old World ndezvaJehovha vemarudzi akasiyana, uye, naizvozvo, vane zvitendero zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, Chirungu vaKaturike vakagara Maryland. Huguenots kubva France ndokugara South Carolina. The yeSweden vakagara Delaware naVirginia akanga azere vokuItaly, German uye Polish nemhizha. Pachitsuwa Manhattan wokutanga Dutch kugarwa akaonekwa 1613. Its muvambi aiva Genri Gudzon. Dutch Colony, iyo yakava muzinda weguta Amsterdam, akazozivikanwa The itsva Netherlands. Gare gare nemisha aya wakabatwa British.

Dzakadzidzvinyirira akasimbisa pachavo pamusoro kondinendi, nokuti iro achiri ose China yechina muna November, ivo Ndinovonga Mwari. America wokupemberera Thanksgiving. zororo iri chinoyeukwa mukukudza negore kwoupenyu vanotama rokutanga nzvimbo itsva.

The chidzoke uranda

The Africans dema yokutanga pavakasvika Virginia muna August 1619 pamusoro Dutch chikepe. Vazhinji vavo vakanga pakarepo vakatenga ne colonists semuranda. In America negros vachiva varanda hwose.

Uye chinzvimbo ichi chakazozivikanwa kunyange nhaka. kwevaranda kwakatangwa nguva pakati American dzaidzorwa uye kumabvazuva African nyika. Vatungamiri Local vanoda kuchinja vavo vechidiki kuti zvombo, gunpowder, Textiles nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakawanda yabva yeNyika Itsva.

Kukura kwesango nendima

Kazhinji, vanobva akasarudza kuchamhembe mundima yeNyika Itsva nokuda kwavo zvinhu zvokunamata. Kusiyana neizvi, Colonisation yeSouth America vavariro zvoupfumi. VokuEurope, zvishoma mhemberero pamwe zvemo vanhu, kugarazve navo panyika, taita yakakodzera kuvapo. Resource-mupfumi kondinendi akavimbisa kugara zvakapfuvura kwemari. Ndokusaka kumaodzanyemba dzenyika akatanga kukudziridza fodya uye donje yecocoa, achishandisa basa varanda vakauya kubva Africa. Vazhinji fuma vakanga aivigirwa kuEngland aiva kubva mundima idzi.

Vatamira Latin America

Territory yaiva kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, uye vokuEurope yakatangawo kukudziridza pashure Columbus akawana World Itsva. Nhasi, ari Colonisation nevokuEurope muLatin America anoonekwa sezvo dzisakarurama uye kunoshamisa kurwisana pakati zvakasiyana nyika mbiri, iyo yakaguma uranda maIndia. Iyi yakatora kubva 16 kusvika 19 pakuvamba.

Colonisation of Latin America kwakaita kuti rufu yekare Indian dzomunyika. Mushure zvose, vazhinji runodiwa yakanga akapukuta kunze kugara kubva Spain nePortugal. Kupona vagari kwakauyawo pasi ichitongwa kukundwa. Asi panguva imwe chete riri Latin America wakatangwa tsika nebudiriro Old World, iyo yakava pfuma dzavanhu kondinendi iri.

colonists European zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kurichinja inokosha uye richikura chikamu yevagari nharaunda iyi. A varanda Large kubva Africa akatanga yakaoma muitiro rokuumba mumarudzi ose netsika symbiosis inokosha. Uye nhasi tinogona kutaura kuti pave ano vanhu Latin America yapa chinhu zvisingafi chiratidzo chaiva dzayaitonga 16-19 emakore. Uyezve, pamwe pakasvika vokuEurope, nharaunda yacho yakatanga kushanda kwemasayendisiti ari capitalist nyika. Izvi kwaiva chinokosha chinodiwa kuti zvoupfumi muLatin America.