EAndes: kukwirira Mhedziso Coordonatele uye yakakwirira. Details dzamakomo.

EAndes, kukwirira iyo kunoshamisa, anogona kunzi mumwe zvinoshamisa redu. Makomo izvi bordered zvose yokumadokero South America, uye vari kuwedzera, vane simba dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi mekuparadzanisa yakaoma uye nePacific Ocean. Ndeipi mhedziso kukwirira yakakwirira eAndes? Uye chii akasiyana ino gomo hurongwa?

nyaya

geographers zhinji funga chikamu eAndes Cordillera gomo hurongwa pakugadzwa pamwe yokumadokero North neSouth America uye ane zvachose kureba 18 000 makiromita. Saka, havana kunyange inonzi Southern Cordillera. The ndechokuti gomo iri kuwanda zviri pachena zvakafanana mavambo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga yakatanga apo zvikamu zviviri America vakatanga kutamira kumabvazuva.

Zvimwe masayendisiti anonzi Cordillera makomo chete Northern Hemisphere. EAndes anomira panze sezvo yakazvimirira hurongwa. Zvikonzero zvavo dzinobva pakuti Cordilleras uye siyana kwenzvimbo uye chinzvimbo pamusoro pegungwa. Somugumisiro, yakakwirira eAndes - a pegomo Aconcaguakuva (6962 mamita). Cordillera sezvo zviratidzo zvakadai havagoni kuzvirumbidza: Mount McKinley, iri Alaska, vanosimuka 6194 mamita. Uye kana isu kubvumirana yokutanga pfungwa, apo Aconcaguakuva, kwete McKinley dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa sezvo yakakwirira Cordillera.

Asi kana isu kutaura pamusoro eAndes, nokukwirira yavo chero zvazvingava haachinji waivako kwayo. Pamusoro Aconcaguakuva hunopfuura zvose Western Hemisphere. Achirova chokwadi kuti avhareji pakakwirira kumakomo (eAndes) ndiro 4000 m, kunyange vatiitire pakureba kusvika 9000 km uye vaifanira upamhi (!) - kusvika 750? Km. Kunyange kubva muchadenga aona guru guru rakadai ibwe nesinou-dzavhara twi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, eAndes uye kunyange soro gomo Earth ino.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti eAndes akatanga kubuda ari Paleozoic uye Precambrian nguva, uye pakupedzisira yakaumbwa mumakore Jurassic nguva. Masayendisiti dzinofungidzira kuti pakutanga akazviratidza kubva penyanza munzvimbo wenyika pakupedzisira akaenda pasi mumvura zvakare, uye inodzokororwa nguva nenguva.

Somugumisiro, pamusoro Continental echiShinto ose zvomumvura sediments akaunganidza akaturikidzana anoverengeka makiromita paukobvu. For makumi ezviuru zvemakore, vakaomesa, akatendeuka kuva dombo gungwa. Uyezve, vari vasiyiwa pasi kumanikidza kunze muchimiro pazvirugu hombe. izvi zvose Akaperekedzwa kwenyika uye kuputika kwemakomo. Pedzisa yose muitiro wezvamatongerwe kuzorodzwa mukuru Kumutsa yose yezvinhu.

muduku gomo

Anda seva Alpine shangu (tectogenetic panguva Cainozoic). Somugumisiro, pasinei nezera rake (iye ndiye makore mamiriyoni 60), izvo vaiona vaduku makomo. Vezera ravo - eHimalaya, ivo Pamirs, kuCaucasus, Alps. Saka, muAndes, zvikamu zvizhinji seismically nengozi, uye dzimwe anoputika - kuita. Izvi imhaka yokuti makomo havasati vapedza muitiro wavo inotungamirwa uye kukura achiri. Average nokukurumidza - masendimita 10 pagore.

Somugumisiro kufamba pasi goko muAndes zvinowanzoitika kudengenyeka, makomo anoputika uye mazizaya toe. Zvinosuruvarisa tsaona dzakakomba dzinoitika muAndes pagungano kupera dzokororo - kamwe pamakore 10-15. Handizvo kare (muna 2010), nyika yakanga dzakazungunuka nokudengenyeka kuChile, umo mamiriyoni evanhu vakatambura.

Kukwirira hama uye mhedziso: chii musiyano

Achitaura pamusoro kukwira eAndes, zvakakodzera kuti ajekese chii kukwira rakasiyana hama. Chokutanga - ndiyo kure wegungwa kusvika yakakwirira chinhu. Yechipiri rinowanikwa kubva regomo kusvikira kumusoro. It anoenda pasina achiti kuti kune hama kukosha kucharamba zvishoma pane Mhedziso.

Kutonga uku akatsinhira uye eAndes. Aconcaguakuva kukwirira kubva wegungwa ndiyo 6962 metres, uye kubva pasi - 6138 metres, ndiko 824 metres asingasviki Mhedziso. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, zvinokosha zvikuru kuti makomo, nokuti kure chaiwo kuti vanofanira kukunda chete hama mazwi. Asi utano, zvichienderana mumhepo kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha yakaderera, atova anosarudza mhedziso yakakwirira. makomo ruzivo haazombofi kusateerera nhamba idzodzo.

Kukwirira hama kuna yeAmazon eAndes

Kana muchinjikwa-sectional Kutarira South America, iyo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kwayo pamusoro ndiyo chaiyo chaizvo. Pano kunounza amplitude zvakakwana pakati shoma uye kunonyanyisa tsika.

Amazon pamapani - makuru munyika, izvozvo anopindura imwe nzvimbo mamiriyoni 5 mativi makiromita .. Its avhareji kukwira idukusa 200 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Asi pane chikamu, kunyanya pedyo Atlantic kumhenderekedzo uye nechepakati kondinendi, izvo isazomuka vanopfuura 100 metres. Uye zvishoma ndiye 10 metres pamusoro pegungwa. The pemvura inokwira sezvo anosvika kumadokero chikamu kondinendi. Kunonyanyisa Performance - 150-250 mamita.

Saka chii nokukwirira eAndes yeAmazon noruremekedzo? Kana tinofunga chete musiyano ichitaurwa urefu, atova hunoshamisa sedonhwe 200 kusvika 4000 metres - uye ndizvozvo zvose inenge 5000 makiromita paupamhi.

Tichifunga kunonyanyisa kupararira altitudes inotengwa, pose chichibuda 10 metres kusvika 7 km. Izvi vasingagoni asi kukanganisa okunze uye mumhepo kumanikidzwa vematunhu, asi zvakawanda pamusoro pazasi.

EAndes: kukwira uye Coordonatele chemhando pfungwa

Aconcaguakuva iri kuArgentina. Mabviro ezwi zita haina chaizvo kuzivikanwa, zvichida rinobva pamashoko "The kaguak Mutemo" kuti mutauro Quechua rinoreva "ibwe sevarindi".

Navigator kuchakubatsira kuwana wetsoka Aconcaguakuva, uye ipapo kukunda yepamusoro eAndes gomo hurongwa. The Mhedziso kureba yakakwirira uye Coordonatele akasarudzwa kuti munhu mita uye miniti: vertex nhema pa 6962 metres pamusoro pegungwa uye uri kuruoko 32 ° 39'S. W. 70 ° 00 'W. d.

Huru twi

EAndes anozvikudza rechi13 shestitysyachnikov. Heino mazita kwavari:

1. Akonkagua (6962 m).
2. Ojos Del Salado (6893 m). Zviri kumusoro rinoputika munyika. It riri pamuganhu pakati Argentina uye Chile.
3. Pisis (6795 m). Iri kupfuura wakajeka chikamu eAndes. Munharaunda kwaro madhamu akanaka uye mazitombo echando.
4. Bonete (6759 m). Zvayaiva pedyo National Park rweLaguna Brava.
5. Tres Kruzes (6749 m). Izvi zvakare rinoputika, iro rine twi matatu. Pedyo ndiye National Park zvakafanana zita.
6. Huascaran (6746 m). The soro gomo kuPeru.
7. Lulayllako (6739 m). Ndicho soro munyika, umo Zvisaririra ane ekare wawanikwa. Vanochera matongo vakawana kune vatatu Inca mummies.
8. Mercedario (6700 m). rechando Izvi rakakura, izvo kutora yakawanda kwakatangira nzizi gomo.
9. Walter Penk (6658 m). rinoputika iri zita namarudzi muongorori kubva Germany aishanda pano mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19.
10. Incahuasi (6638 m). gomo iri raiva nzvimbo dzainamatirwa vaInca.
11. Ierupayya (6617 m). Ashandurwa zita unorira "White Dawn" imhaka chisingagumi chando rakavhara pamusoro zvimwe.
12. Tupungato (6570 m). Zvayaiva pamuganhu Chile uye Argentina, muna 80 makiromita kubva Aconcaguakuva.
13. Sayyama (6542 m). Ndicho yakakwirira kuBolivia.

Regions

Sezvo zvinorondedzerwa gomo gadziriro iri zvakare ruoko pakureba, kune zvitatu zvinokosha nzvimbo zones: Northern, Southern uye Central eAndes.

Wokutanga ine arrays matatu: Caribbean (riri muVenezuela), Northwest (Colombia - Venezuela) uye wekuEcuador (anonziwo Equator) muAndes. Sezvineiwo, makomo aya achadonha mugungwa - akadai pazvitsuwa Bonaire, Aruba uye muCuraçao vari kutaura zvazviri nenhongonya zvisati amuka pakadzika. Chikamu ichi eAndes ngetani zviri kumusoro anoputika munyika, vamwe vavo vachiri kushingaira.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro nechepakati landscaped nzvimbo ipapo, asi chaiwoiwo huru chikamu, zvinokwanisika kuti govera zvakawanda uye Peruvian eAndes. Hekuno soro guta guru yenyika - guta La Paz (Bolivia), rakavakirwa panzvimbo kukwira pamusoro 3700 m.

Upamhi eAndes muchikamu ichi chinosvika vaifanira chokupika 750? Km. A nzvimbo huru Pune ane nzvimbo ebani, avhareji kukwirira iyo zvichisiyana 3,7 kusvika 4 makiromita. Uyewo, zviri Central eAndes ndiye nhamba yechipiri pashure Aconcaguakuva - ojos Del Salado. Wandei pano uye shestitysyachnikov. Vose vane mumwe anofadza chikabviswa - refu kwazvo chando mutsetse (kubvira 6500 m). Nokuti chikamu ichi maitiro YOMUMAKOMO makungwa, kupfuura inozivikanwa vavo - Titicaca, kuzorora pagungano kukwira pamusoro 3821 m.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti izvi pane yakakurumbira pamusoro, ari Southern Mountains yose yekudyidzana pazasi pakati. Nokukwirira metres eAndes pano yakajeka kupera. Saizvozvowo, chando anowira uye mutsetse (a chena butiro nhema uye makomo kubvira 1500 m). Kana mitambo yomumvura mugungwa, vanotora pamusoro yakasiyana chitarisiko: tinoshandurirwa archipelagos uye zvitsuwa. Koshesa kukwirira eAndes Mountains Tierra pasi, iyo Akafukidzawo neeSultan vari yekudyidzana repasi (kusvika 2500 m).

Climate

Nechekuchamhembe makomo ari subequatorial uye ine okunze wongoramba. Nokuti pakutanga dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza alternation mwaka dzanyorova uye yakaoma. Mawere okumabvazuva achiwanza moisturized, ukuwo West zvakawanda yakaoma ekunze. Mune Caribbean, eAndes, anenge mhepo inopisa. Annual kunayisa iduku kwazvo. Uye ikozvino wekuEcuador eAndes vane yakatsiga zvikuru panyaya tembiricha: pane nuoli lämpömittari rinonyanya anoenderera mberi gore rose. vagari izvi nakidzwa reQuito, guta guru Ecuador. nzvimbo iyi kwazvo hydrated.

Muna Central eAndes, okunze kunonyanyisa chaizvo nokuda hombe kuderera mwando zviratidzi pamusoro kumadokero uye nechokumabvazuva dzakatenuka dzamakomo. Heino Atacama - the driest mugwenga munyika, umo pagore kunonaya haasi kupfuura 50 mm mvura.

Southern eAndes vavete subtropical vematunhu, izvo zvakanaka zvinoenda munhu unozvidzora okunze wenyika. Nokuda mhepo yakasimba kunayisa pano rinosvika 6000 mm. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti kurutivi rwezasi pamhenderekedzo kunonaia mazuva anenge 200 pagore.

Achikwidza Aconcaguakuva

Aconcaguakuva anomira wechipiri ari mazita RESE Seven. Rinopa izvozvo chete Everest. The mukundi nenhongonya eAndes wokutanga anonzi Zhurbiggen Matiyasi, uyo akaita kuwedzera muna 1897.

Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe Nhongonya, achikwira Aconcaguakuva runoonekwa kuva zvazviri nyore, kunyanya kurutivi rwokumusoro. Kusiyana pokukundwa Everest, yakachena dzehondo havasi zvakakodzera kukunda eAndes - the kukwira idukusa 2000m.

zvinyorwa

Pasinei mukana madutu akangoerekana nerimwe gore pamusoro 5,000 daredevils kuedza kumusoro uye kuva pamusoro yakakwirira yose Western Hemisphere. Akatosarudza zvinyorwa.

Somuenzaniso, mashoko uchitsanya vachasimudza (5 maawa maminitsi 45) yakaitwa muna 1991. Kunenge mumakore achangopfuura kufarira Andean yakawedzera zvakare kubva zvinyorwa yakasimbiswa akawanda, pamwe anenge mumwe pashure pomumwe. Saka, muna 2013, American mudzidzi-gore 9 okuberekwa Tyler Armstrong akava gotwe mumiririri simba pabonde, okuda kukwirira Aconcaguakuva. A Romanian irina Popescu-makore 12 akapa akakodzera mhinduro muna February 2016.

Panguva imwe chete ari Spaniard Fernanda Maciel kwakaitika rokutanga mazita uchitsanya zvizere (pamusoro - anoburukira - pamusoro) kukwira, itai kwemaawa 14 uye maminitsi 20. A yakafanana rekodhi ngakuite vosimba hwakanyorwa gore adarika. Kunonyanyisa kukwirira makomo (eAndes) ikameresa Karl Egloff mukwiri uyo akabvunza kwemaawa 11 maminitsi 52.

Uyewo kushamisa ndiye mumwe chokwadi: Panguva chinhambwe 4400 metres pamusoro pegungwa ndiyo inonyanya Ndimi maberere munyika. Riri mujinga mumusasa Plaza of Mulas. Kune hwakaratidza mabasa panguva Argentine Artist Miguel NEVARI. Kunenge makomo yokufaranuka vimbiso.

ekare muAndes

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu kugona munzvimbo dzine makomo kunyange 4000 apfuura, zvichida sezvo yakatanga rokutanga matongo Zvakafukunurwa. Hongu, Puzzles vakawanda hwakazara eAndes! kukwirira yavo, pachena, hakusi kutya pakati vaInca, uyo akavaka nebudiriro pano.

Kunyanya zvakashamisa vaongorori ndiyo matongo kunzwisisa kuti Sacsayhuaman (3700 m), ndiro nhare hombe akavezwa yairema matani 200. A zvishoma repasi (3,500 m) ndiyo hwekare papurazi Morai rabhoritari apo Inca angangodaro kuitwa kuedza vane zvirimwa.

EAndes zvechokwadi anogona kunzi pfuma yenyika, nokuti akachengetwa ave pfuma nharaunda, mukare, uye zvakavanzika yevanhu yekare.