Nemamiriro evanhu huro uye mamiriro ayo

Nemamiriro womunhu muviri nekusiyanisa umo vari akaronga zvikamu zvakasiyana vasiri gadziriro, kuti zvikabatanidzwa zvakajairika anatomical uye vasiri maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, huro - imwe nharaunda umo mune zvinhu zviviri hurongwa - kufema uye mumatumbu. Nemamiriro evanhu huro, uyewo madhipatimendi ayo basa ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Anatomical zviri huro

Maumbirwo huro kwevanhu, ane zano iri pasi apa, kunoratidza nharaunda kuti kunotanga in maviri: nasal uye nemumuromo, uye akaguma azvaitwa trachea uye yegurokuro. Saka, chikamu chimwe huro, chokuita zvomudumbu hurongwa, yainzi pharynx kureva pharynx, uye vamwe, tiri chikamu kufema ino - larinksom (dokeriro). Pharynx ndiwo muganhu nzvimbo pakati dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango uye yegurokuro. Food, ivhu meno, wetted pamwe mate uye zvishoma dzainamatira kubudikidza kuitwa makemikari izvozvo paricharova pamudzi rurimi. Bundu receptors ayo kunokonzera dzepanguva marwadzo tsandanyama ari nyoro mukanwa, zvinoita kuti kuvhara ari pamukova nasal mhango. Panguva iyoyowo pamusuo dokeriro kuti zvinogumbura ari epiglottis.

Compression of pharynx tsandanyama kusandudzira bolus kupinda yegurokuro, riri undulating nokuveza, propels naye mudumbu. Pharynx, dokeriro, kana, sezvo yave ambotaurwa, chikamu kufema hurongwa. It anogamuchira mhepo kubva nasal mhango, nasopharynx uye oropharynx, apo vari kudziyirwa uye zvishoma vakachenesa kubva seguruva. Muna dokeriro, zvinosanganisira aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired shwashwa ane hyaline chawo vari vaviri kwakavharwa nenyama fibers - the pahuro zvinokonzera, iri pakati glottis. Lower dokeriro zvinoenda trachea. rusvingo Its mberi chakaumbwa cartilaginous hafu zvenzeve kuti kudzivisa kufema chubhu kuderedza dhayamita kwayo. The posterior tracheal rusvingo rinoumbwa wakatsetseka tsandanyama. Mhepo runoyerera pachena kubva trachea kupinda principales, uye kwavari - kusvikira mumapapu.

The chipingamupinyi basa tonsils

By kudzidza maumbirwo kwevanhu huro, omerera masumbu lifoidnoy zvinyama inonzi minadalinami. Vari akaumba chaiyo histologic yakarongeka - parenchyma, nokuparadzira ari stroma, zvinosanganisira connective tishu. The tonsils ndiyo paumbwe lymphocytes - immunoobrazuyuschih chikuru muviri dziviriro chinhu kubva pathogenic tupukanana. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se lymphopoiesis. Tichitarisa anatomical nemamiriro evanhu huro, tonsils izvo kusiyaniswa pamusoro palatine, sublingual uye pharyngeal, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti urongwa uhwu anoratidza kwavo chipingamupinyi chaitika.

Uyezve, laryngology kutaura mhete limfoepitelialnogo, iri mucous Kamudzira panguva kumuganhu nomumukanwa mhango uye pharynx - mhete Pirogov-Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried of Waldeyer-Hartz. In immunology tonsils inonzi peripheral muviri kutapata. Ivo makakomba kumusuwo pamusoro trachea uye yegurokuro, kudzivirira kufema uye zvomudumbu enyika kupinda pakati pathogenic tusingaoneki. Anatomical uye vasiri nemamiriro evanhu huro, node nodes izvo kudzivirira uye chinodzivirira pakukuvadza simba kwezvakatipoteredza, vachava kukwana kana tisina uchifunga zvakadaro hurongwa tonsils akafanana maburi.

Dzinenge mashandiro anoita maburi

It zvikamu node nodes kuti kutora pamusoro pena pamusoro staphylococcal kana streptococcal noutachiona rwakabatwa nemumuromo mhango wokutanga. A kuwanda lymphocytes neutralize uye kugaya utachiona zvabayiwa panguva imwecheteyo.

Sumbu akafa lymphoid masero ari lacunae purulent rinoumbwa plugs, zvichiratidza kushoma anomuka mukupindura kupinda ari chirwere kupinda mumuviri.

Larinks inzwi-kufanana muviri

Kare, tatoona maviri makuru laryngeal basa: zviri zvayo mubasa mweya uye Protection (epiglottis kana kumedza anovhara pasuo dokeriro, nokudaro zvichiita kuti ingress pamusoro particulate nyaya kupinda trachea uye chitarisiko kutadza kufema). Pane imwe chepfungwa pharynx, izvo isu kutsanangura, uchidzidza nemamiriro womunhu huro. It chokuita ane pfuma yakadaro womuviri, kufanana kugona kuridza kugadzirwa uye matauriro. Yeuka kuti dokeriro rinoumbwa shwashwa.

Pakati arytenoid cartilages, une zvinoshandiswa vari pahuro zvinokonzera - maviri kuchinja chaizvo uye springy fibers. Panguva iyo pahuro zvinokonzera tisingabatanidzi kwekanguva, uye zvakajeka rinooneka glottis pakati zviviri, ane chimiro ane isosceles Triangle. Panguva nokuimba kana kutaura kuti tsandanyama dzinobudisa inzwi dzakavharika uye mhepo, achifumira kubva mapapu kana exhaling, zvichiita vibrations dzavo mutinhimira anonzwisiswa sezvo ruzha. Ruzha vachisiyanisa inzwi kunoitika nokuda kuchinja nzvimbo rurimi, miromo, pamatama, shaya.

Gender kusiyana mune nemamiriro huro

Kune vakawanda anatomical uye vasiri zvechadenga huro kwevanhu mamiriro chokuita chechikadzi. Varume vari dokeriro cartilages vari chokuita rokumusoro chikamu kumberi-larinksa wezvamatongerwe fungidziro - the kwaAdhamu apuro uye kwaAdhamu apple.

Vakadzi, pakona kubatana zvikamu thyroid shwashwa zvikuru nemaziso protrusion ichi hazvigoni kuonekwa. Pane musiyano pakati nemamiriro ari pahuro zvinokonzera. In Varume, vane refu uye mikobvu, uye nenzwi riri pasi kwazvo. In vakadzi, pahuro zvinokonzera vari wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye mapfupi, inzwi ravo yepamusoro uye kwazvo.

Nyaya iyi akaongorora anatomical uye vasiri zvinoumba mamiriro womunhu huro.