Nei kudzidza miti inonzi bhotani? Bhotani - kudzidza miti

Mumwe munhu anoshanda zvikuru nenyika zvakasikwa, uye pachayo chikamu chacho. Uye kana zvose nokuvapo mitemo nyika mhenyu iri kudzidza zvipenyu, chirimwa iri purview kuti bhotani sechinhu chinokosha kwayo.

Nei kudzidza miti inonzi bhotani

Plants zvaisanganisira mu nokure zvido zvevanhu, refu asati paumbwe bhotani sechinhu sainzi, kubva kare. Maruva fundo nechokuita zvakananga mubvunzo yokupona: zvinomera - zviri zvokudya, zvokuvakisa, zvokuvakisa kugadzira mbatya, uye mushonga (izvo chero zvazvingava haagoni kukanganwa) chepfu ngozi. The vaunganidza ruzivo uye akataura zvaida systematization. Saka kwaidiwa kuti paumbwe chirimwa sayenzi.

Uchitsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo sei sayenzi miti inonzi bhotani, tinofanira kudzokera makore anosundwa nguva, nekuti dzidziso iyi ndiyo imwe mukuru munyika nesayenzi. Pave coherent hurongwa ruzivo bhotani (Plant Science) zvakajeka vawana panguva yechipiri yezana XVII - mangwanani XVIII emakore.

Zita sainzi, uyewo nevamwe vazhinji, ane Midzi Greek. Rinobva Greek "botane". Shoko iri aiva nezvaanoreva akawanda, nenzira yokureva "mafuro", "zvokudya" rinoshandiswa hapana zvishoma kazhinji pane kukosha "chirimwa", "uswa". Hunosanganisira zvose kunganzi kubudikidza chirimwa: maruva, notumwe tupukanana algae, miti, mosses uye lichens. Shoko "Nerd" - rinobva pashoko "botane", zvaireva zvose akarondedzera miti. Kureva, shoko neshoko: bhotani - sayenzi zvinomera. Saka, nei sayenzi miti inonzi bhotani, mhinduro inofanira kutsvaka muchiGiriki kwakabva ari systematization zivo pamusoro chirimwa nyika muchimiro nesayenzi.

Mabviro bhotani sechinhu sainzi

Aristotle mubasa rake guru pamusoro nemhuka uye akazivisa yakafanana bhuku iri miti. Hazvizivikanwi kana kwapera. Kuti akapukunyuka zvimedu mishomanana. Naizvozvo Zvakakodzera dzakavamba baba bhotani sechinhu sainzi anonzi Theophrastus - munyori zvikuru mabasa maviri, rwakazokura hwaro bhotani inotevera 1500 makore. Uye munyika yanhasi, kukosha ruzivo, wakaratidzwa Theophrastus mubasa rake, hazvirambiki. Pano ndipo pane mhinduro yomubvunzo sei sayenzi miti inonzi bhotani. Muzivi wechiGiriki vaisagona kumutumidza kudaro.

Asi kutsvakurudza bhotani haringorevi chete nebudiriro Western budiriro. China, zvakare, akaita mupiro chinokosha, zvichida paiva kupanana kubudirira kwesayenzi, tichifunga kushanda Silk Road.

bhotani History

akatanga yaitonga panguva sezvo kudzidza nzvimbo varimi rekushongedzesa nemiti, zvakajairika munharaunda, uyewo miti kuti vanhu vakauya navo kubva madzungairiro kure bhotani nesayenzi pane kumiririrwa ano. Asi yakadzika kufarira munhu kasvisto anotanga nhoroondo yacho kubvira neolithic nguva. Vanhu kwete chete akaedza kuona semushonga zvinomera, kukura mwaka, dzinodyiwa, yakaderera-tembiricha Climate hurumende isimbe, goho uye muviri ukoshi, asiwo kuchengetedza ruzivo urwu.

Kusati kwatombova bhotani sechinhu sainzi, vanhu vakadzidza miti esayenzi maonero. Izvi inotsanangura kwete chete kushandiswa kwakapararira dzevanhu kubva dzekare kuchirapa ehupfumi zvinomera dzabudapo dzomusango. Kubvira panguva Bronze Age chaishandiswa chaizvo tsika kurima.

Danho itsva kukura nesayenzi - zivo itsva

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16 yakanga yagadzirwa maikorosikopu, izvo akasarudza kutanga pachikuva chinokosha kukura bhotani, kwakativhurira wamboonekwa zvinogona itsva kudzidza zvinomera, spores, uye kunyange pfuma. Zvadaro zvesayenzi akatora danho, kuvhura chidzitiro munhau kubereka, muviri, kare akavharwa vanhu.

Bhotani yakatanga muna pedyo chokuita kukura zvipenyu zvavo. Somugumisiro researches dzesayenzi nyika yose mupenyu yakakamurwa kuva umambo

• mabhakitiriya;
• howa;
• miti;
• mhuka.

Bhotani inodzidza muumambo mabhakitiriya, notumwe uye zvirimwa. Development kuti bhotani sechinhu sayenzi yave rinokosha. Asi panguva mambakwedza kwayo vanhu mubasa zvinomera pachavo, uye vakawanda botanical mapindu, kunonyanya akatekeshera kumadokero nyika, yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna kupatsanura, Kunyora uye mbeu kutengeserana. Yakanga chete emakore gare gare vakava rinokosha pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo.

chirimwa umambo

Plants anogona kuwanika kwose kwose: panyika (Mafuro, nomumatondo, minda, masango, makomo), mvura (Freshwater mumadziva, makungwa nenzizi, wetlands, makungwa, uye nyanza). Munenge zvinomera zvose yakatarira mararamiro kugona kutendeutsa rezuva simba kupinda Organic yeimwe vari chlorophyll vapfumi reserves, bikurudza, carbon dioxide kuti okisijeni, nokuti iyo uswa inonzi chiedza nyika.

Zvinosuruvarisa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvirimwa zvakawanda pakati zvisingawanzoitiki kana mungozi, uye mazita ose gore iri chete kukura. Vamiririri Vazhinji vabhadhara runako kwavo vanhu vasiri kufunga pamusoro kukuru kukuvadza nechisikirwo, vachimhura achiparadza zvirimwa kuti bouquet-pfupi. Izvi zvinovava mugumo dondo maruva, mvura maruva, hope-uswa.

Kuti adzivirire isingawanzowanikwi yemiti kubva kutsakatika, ivo vakapinda Red Book uye zvinofanira kurindwa panguva zvemitemo chechetere. The nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza chirimwa anoshumira hwaro ruzivo kuti gwaro. Uye zvino wedu tose basa - kuchengetedza nemiti zvizvarwa zvaizotevera, vana vedu uye vazukuru vakanga kuona rakasiyana kunaka chirimwa nyika, riri rombo zvokuti kuona isu.