Nechirwere Transistor: nokuchinja matunhu. Dunhu nokuchinja of nechirwere transistor ane nevakawanda emitter

Mumwe-electrode matatu mhando semiconductor mano vane dambudziko transistors. kwemutariri inoenderana nokuti vane conductivity (buri kana Erekitironi) uye mabasa.

kupatsanura

Transistors vakakamurwa muzvikwata:

1. Maererano zvokuvakisa: kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa gallium arsenide nesilicon.
2. Sezvo chiratidzo kakawanda: yakaderera (kusvika 3 MHz), svikiro (30 MHz), mukuru (kusvika 300 MHz), Ultra-soro (pamusoro 300 MHz).
3. For kunonyanyisa simba nounzenza: kusvika 0.3 W, kusvika 3 watts or, kupfuura 3W.
4. Maererano mhando mudziyo: zvitatu chokuita semiconductor rukoko kubudikidza rave achichinja zvakananga uye Ivan Kuchin nzira kwake conduction.

Sei transistors sei?

The wokunze uye yomukati akaturikidzana pamusoro transistor vari chokuita kutungamirira electrodes ukuwo akadana emitter, nomuteresi uye chawo.

The emitter uye nomuteresi hadzisi vakasiyana mumwe mhando conductivity, asi ukuru doping netsvina yokupedzisira dererei zvikuru. Izvi zvinoita nokuwedzera zvinobvumidzwa goho voltage.

Nechigadziko, inova marongera pakati ane yakakwirira nemishonga, sezvo wakaitwa semiconductor ine simba doping. It ane guru kuonana nzvimbo pamwe muteresi, iyo anovandudza kubviswa kupisa wakadenha yakafanira achinje kutsvetera kuchinja, uye hwezvekukurukurirana kwemutemo vashoma vatakuri - maerekitironi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kuchinja akaturikidzana dzinobva ichocho, kuti transistor ndiyo asymmetric mudziyo. By kuchinja nzvimbo yokunyanyisa akaturikidzana zvakafanana conductivity havangagoni kugamuchira tsamba parameters ari semiconductor mudziyo.

Schematics kuti dambudziko transistors vanokwanisa kuramba nepakati inoti: zvingava rakazaruka kana kuti kuvharwa. In yezviri rudzi, kana transistor rakavhurika emitter zvaizopedza Kuchinja chakaitwa muna mberi akananga. Kuti tienzanisire izvi funga Somuenzaniso, imwe transistor pamusoro npn mhando, zvinofanira kwakapa kubva kupi, sezvinoratidzwa nomufananidzo pazasi.

Muganhu wechipiri nomuteresi mhesano kana ichi rakavharwa uye kuitika iyerere kuburikidza rirege. Asi tsika, zvakasiyana kunoitika nokuda pedyo nzvimbo yacho kuchinja kuti mumwe wavo yakawiriranwa simba. Sezvo emitter zvakabatana kuti "kubvisa" bhatiri rakazaruka sanduko achibvumira maerekitironi iyerere ichipinda nechigadziko rokufambira, apo vari kukwana recombination yakabvooka - huru vatakuri. Kuvakwa garo ano I _b. The simba iri, kuti zvinoenderana nezvaanowana zvakawanda goho ano. On basa iri musimboti amplifiers uchishandisa nedambudziko transistors.

Mushure mujinga ari diffusive chokufambisa pamusoro maerekitironi bedzi, nekuti hakuna kuitwa yemagetsi munda. Nokuda zvishomanana rukoko ukobvu (microns) uye yakakura zvikuru pamusoro wevasungwa gradient ose isakarurama mhosva nezvimedu, anenge ose kuwira nomuteresi nharaunda, kunyange zvitsigiro nemishonga iri zvakakwana guru. Ikoko kufamba zvaunoswedera yemagetsi munda, kusimudzira zvavo kushingaira senga. The nemuteresi uye emitter dzenzvimbo vari substantially vakaenzana, kana asina kunyora nezvavo kurasikirwa muripo anokonzerwa recombination pangoro; I _E = I _b + Ini _k.

The parameters pamusoro transistors

1. The pfuma zvikonzero nokuda voltage U _eq / U _KUVA uye iyezvino: β = I _munhu / I _b (chaiko ukoshi). Kazhinji, asi coefficient β asingaiti kupfuudza 300, asi anogona kusvika tsika 800 uye kupfuura.
2. Chiyamuro impedance.
3. Kakawanda Achipindura - of transistor kuita kuti akafanorongerwa kakawanda kupfuura izvo transients haina nguva kuchinja ari kuiswa chiratidzo.

Nechirwere Transistor: nokuchinja nematunhu, oparesheni modes

Operating modes akasiyana zvichienderana sei redunhu iri vakaungana. Signal anofanira kuiswa uye kubviswa panguva mbiri pfungwa rimwe nyaya, asi kune nembambo matatu chete. It anotevera kuti mumwe electrode anofanira vose ndezvaJehovha mazano uye goho. Saka zvinosanganisira chero dambudziko transistors. kwemutariri: ON, OE uye OK.

1. Driving pamwe OK

Dunhu nokuchinja of nechirwere transistor ane nevakawanda muteresi: chiratidzo zvokudya kuti resistor R _L, iyo akasanganisirwa mumatadzo nomuteresi redunhu. akwirwe kwakadaro anonzi rwakafanana-nemuteresi.

Ipfungwa ichi chete pave inopfumisa kuitika. The mukana emitter muteveri ndiko kupa hombe chiyamuro impedance (10-500 ohms), izvo zvinoita nyore batanidza Cascades.

2. Driving pamwe ON

Dunhu nokuchinja of nechirwere transistor mune chimwe nechimwe: kuuya chiratidzo kuburikidza C ₁ uye pashure amplification hwabviswa panyika goho ari muteresi redunhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa nechepasi electrode iri vakagoverana. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe voltage inopfumisa akafanana kushanda pamwe MA.

Zvakaipira duku chiyamuro impedance (30-100 ohms), uye redunhu ON rinoshandiswa sechinhu oscillator.

3. Mufananidzo pamwe MA

In embodiments zhinji, kana dambudziko transistors anoshandiswa, nokuchinja nematunhu kunyanya kuitwa chimwe emitter. Pomugove voltage uchaguta kuburikidza mutoro resistor R _L, uye emitter kwakabatana kune akaipa danda ane kwokunze simba zvitengeswa.

AC chiratidzo kubva mazano chinouraya anopinda emitter uye chawo electrodes (V _muna), uye zvinova zvakakura nokukura (V _CE) ari nomuteresi redunhu. The inokosha redunhu zvinhu: a transistor, mumwe resistor R _L uye goho pamusoro gudzazwi redunhu ane kwokunze simba zvitengeswa. Upiyona: capacitor C ₁ kuti kunodzivisa kwemutemo zvakananga kuitika mune zvokudya kutenderera mazano Mureza, uye resistor R _1, vachishandisa iyo transistor anovhura.

The nemuteresi voltage pamusoro transistor redunhu uye goho pamusoro resistor R _L pamwe kuenzana nokukura _{EMF: V CC = I C R L} + V CE.

Saka, V _ari chiratidzo duku mazano kunopiwa kusiyana DC simba AC goho inverter transistor vakakwanisa. The zano inopa nokuwedzera mazano ano 20-100 nguva, uye voltage - muna 10-200 nguva. Saizvozvowo, simba kunowedzerawo.

Kushaikwa zano: chiduku chiyamuro nemishonga (500-1000 ohms). Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane zvinetso paumbwe amplification nzendo. The goho nemishonga iri 2-20 ohms.

chati iyi inoratidza sei nechirwere transistor. Kana musingadi kutora mamwe matanho ari vaita chichange zvikuru kukanganiswa Kufurirwa nevamwe, dzakadai sokupisa uye chiratidzo maitikiro. Uyewo, iyo emitter grounding pave harmonic kukanganisa panguva goho. Kuti uvandudze rakavimbika, dunhu kunofambidzana feedbacks, filters, uye zvichingodaro. N. In iyi fuma ipfupi, asi mudziyo anova rikurumidze.

modes kushanda

The transistor basa kunokanganisa kukosha kubatana voltage. modes All zvinogona kuratidzwa kana vakashandisa mudunhu iri nechirwere transistor inopiwa kare ane nevakawanda emitter.

1. The cut-kure muoti

nzira iyi akasika kana V _IVA voltage zvinoderedza kusvika 0,7 V. In iyi, iyo emitter mhesano ndiye yakavharwa uye kuitika nomuteresi vasipo, sezvo pasina vakasununguka maerekitironi pangoro. Saka transistor zvinogumbura.

2. Active Mode

Kana voltage rinoshandisirwa nechigadziko riri zvakakwana kuvhura transistor, panova chiyamuro kuitika uye yakawedzerwa goho, zvichienderana kwakakura kuhuwana. Ipapo transistor kushanda sechinhu gudzazwi.

3. saturation muoti

Zvakasiyana yezviri nzira kuitira kuti transistor zvizere akasvinudzwa, uye nomuteresi pari zvasvika vaifanira zvichibvira ukoshi. Zvibereko zvayo anogona chete kuitwa achichinja Zvakarurama electromotive simba kana mutoro ari goho redunhu. Kana kuchinja mujinga ano nomuteresi hakuna kushanduka. saturation hurumende dzinoratidzwa ndechokuti transistor yakazaruka chaizvo, uye pano anoshumira chinja dzikaita pamusoro. Schematics pane dambudziko transistors kuburikidza kubatanidza chekawo-kure uye saturation modes kubvumira kuti kusika yavo zvemagetsi kiyi.

modes All kushanda kuvimba yezvakaita goho zvatariswa kuratidzwa girafu.

Vanokwanisa kuratidza, kana iri vakaungana wiring dhayagiramu of nechirwere transistor pamwe OE.

Kana iwe chifuka hunyambiri akabatana uye zvido zvevanhu zvikamu vanomiririra kunonyanyisa nomuteresi kuitika uye uwandu romugove voltage V _CC, uye ipapo batanidza kumugumo mumwe, kuwana mutoro mutsetse (tsvuku). It kunorondedzerwa _{okuti: I C = (V CC -} V CE) / R C. Kubva mufananidzo zvinoreva kuti uchishandisa pfungwa iyo anosarudza kuti nomuteresi pari Ini _C uye voltage V _CE, achaiswa misha achitevedza mutoro mutsetse kubva pasi pamwe kuwedzera chawo pari I _B.

Zone V _CE pakati akabatana uye wokutanga goho hunhu (shaded) apo ini _B = 0 ndozvavava cutoff muoti. In ichi neizvi ano I _C riri kunyora nezvavo uye transistor yapera.

Okumusoro maitiro ari pfungwa A intersects mutsetse mutoro, pashure iyo, mimwe _yakawedzera nomuteresi ano I haana kuchinja. Saturation nharaunda iri girafu ndiye shaded nzvimbo pakati akabatana I _C uye steepest noruzhinji.

ari transistor mu modes akasiyana sei?

The transistor unoshanda chete shanduka kana kugara anonongedzera nechikoro kuti mazano redunhu.

Nechirwere Transistor: nokuchinja nematunhu, simba

Mostly transistor kunoshanda gudzazwi. The rakatumbuka chiyamuro Mureza kunokonzera kuchinja waro goho ano. Unogona kushandisa zano pamwe OK kana MA. Muna goho redunhu chiratidzo zvaida mutoro. Yemanyorero kushandisa resistor akatasva ari muteresi goho redunhu. Kana akasarudzwa zvakanaka, kuti goho voltage mutengo zviri kupfuura mazano.

basa gudzazwi zvakanaka chinoenzanisirwa nguva chati.

Apo kutendeuka kupomba anonongedzera, imwe nzira kwakafanana kuti nokuda sinusoidal. Quality rokutendeutsa pavo harmonic zvinoriumba pakutsvaga kakawanda zvinoitwa transistors.

Basa nokuchinja nzira

Transistor haizoshandisi zvakagadzirirwa asiri kuonana nokuchinja vavanozivana magetsi matunhu. The musimboti ndiyo stepwise yachinja kurwisa zviri transistor. Nechirwere mhando yakanyatsokodzera kuti zvinodiwa kiyi mudziyo.

mhedziso

Semiconductor zvinhu zvaishandiswa mumatunhu kuti rokutendeutsa dzemagetsi anonongedzera. Ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye makuru kupatsanura kubvumira akasiyana kushandisa dambudziko transistors. nokuchinja matunhu kusarudza mabasa avo uye modes kushanda. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana hunhu.

Mukuru wedunhu nokuchinja nedambudziko transistors kuatsanangura, exchange uye vaunze chiyamuro anonongedzera, uye chinja matunhu.