Ndezvipi simba okuchengetera

Nature akapa kumunhu siyana simba manyuko: zuva, mhepo, nzizi uye nevamwe. Zvakaipira emagetsi izvi rusununguko simba iri kushaya rakatsiga. Naizvozvo, panguva yebongozozo simba anochengeterwa okuchengetera kwayo uye uparadze panguva yatinenge duku kuderera. simba okuchengetera kunoratidzwa anotevera parameters:

• uwandu zvakachengetwa simba;
• ayo mwero kuwanda, uye zvazvinoita;
• chaicho nerukudzo;
• simba chengetedzo nguva;
• kuvimbika;
• kugadzira nokuchengetedza mari, uye vamwe.

Nzira systematization Zvifambiso zhinji. Chimwe chezvinhu nyore ndiyo kupatsanura pakati mhando simba rinoshandiswa kuchengetera, uye nzira nokuda chekuchengeta kwayo uye agodzoka. simba okuchengetera mano akakamurwa marudzi anotevera huru:

• zvemaziso;
• chafariz;
• magetsi;
• mushonga.

Kuunganidza zvinogona simba

Musimboti izvi nyore mano. Kana nokusimudza mutoro kuunganidza zvinogona simba, anoita anobatsira basa kana richikwidibira naro. Design zvinhu zviri novimba mhando nhumbi. Zvingava yakasimba, mvura kana particulate fuma. Kazhinji, magadzirirwo iyi mhando mano vari nyore chaizvo, saka mukuru akavimbika uye upenyu basa refu. zvakachengetwa nguva simba okuchengetera kunoenderana mukurumari nezvinhu uye vanogona kusvika zviuru. Zvinosuruvarisa zvakadai mano vane pasi chaiwo simba chinzvimbo.

Mechanical Zvifambiso kinetic simba

In mano aya, simba mumabhatiri kufamba muviri. Kazhinji oscillating kana reciprocating kufamba.

The kinetic simba iri oscillating gadziriro iri kusimbiswa mune reciprocating inofamba muviri. Energy iri akapa uye kuparadzwa migove, panguva pamwe kufamba muviri. The mashandiro ari nani kwakatooma uye capricious mu nokugadza. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemaziso pakurinda. Huwandu akachengetwa simba zvinowanzoita duku uye zviri chete akakodzera nokushanda mudziyo.

Zvifambiso kushandisa simba gyroscope

Neboka kinetic simba iri kusimbiswa ari kutenderera flywheel. Dzakananga flywheel simba iri zvikuru kupfuura simba yakaenzana kunofambira mberi mutoro. Zvinokwanisika mune pfupi iri kugamuchira kana hombe simba goho. simba okuchengetera nguva yava diki, uye vakawanda mazano ndeyevanyori maawa mashoma. Modern ruzivo kubvumira kuunza simba kuchengetera nguva anosvika inoverengeka. Flywheels akanyatsojeka tisanzwe ukapisa murwi. The simba mudziyo uri maererano kumhanya vayo kutenderera. Saka, muna simba okuchengetera uye kudzoka shanduko kunoitika flywheel nokukurumidza. Kazhinji A mutoro kunoda dzose, pasi nokukurumidza.

More vaizotibata mano vari supermahovik. Ivo vakaita hwendarira tepi, chakaita zvokugadzirwa faibha kana waya. The mamiriro zvingava yakasimba kana vane chinhu. Kana nzvimbo inowanika windings zviri tepi danho arikunze iri kutenderera inertia nguva yacho flywheel dzinoshandurwa, chikamu simba mumabhatiri muchirimo pasi deformation. In akadaro mano, kumhanya kutenderera ari itsige kupfuura tselnotelyh zvivako, uye simba ravo rakawanda riri yepamusoro zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, vari nani.

Modern supermahovik rakagadzirwa Kevlar fibers. Ivo tenderera ari Vacuum kamuri rinobva kuturika. It anokwanisa kuchengeta simba kwemwedzi inoverengeka.

Mechanical anodzinga vachishandisa kwakavharwa nenyama simba

Izvi mhando mudziyo anokwanisa kuchengeta zvikuru simba arambe achirema. Kubva zvokuimba ngarurege ine soro simba akatenda Namano kukura pakuona shoma. flywheels Zvakakura rurefu chaizvo kumhanya kutenderera vane yakakwirira zvikuru simba rakawanda, asi ivo vari nyore zvikuru zvimwewo zvinoitika, uye vane nguva shoma kuchengetera simba.

Mechanical anodzinga kushandisa chitubu simba

Inokwanisa kupa mukuru zvokuimba simba makirasi ose simba chekuchengeta. Zvinonzi shoma chete muganhu patsime simba. Energy mu compressed chitubu inogona inochengeterwa emakore. Zvisinei, nokuda zvachose deformation ari simbi kuneta rinoungana uye zvinoderedza tichikwanisa remvura. Panguva iyoyowo, yepamusoro chitubu simbi, pasi uchishandisa mamiriro anogona kushanda amakore pasina arasikirwe vanokwanisa.

chitubu basa anogona kuita chero kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu. Rabha zvisungo, Somuenzaniso, kagumi kupfuura simbi zvibereko akachengetwa simba chete chikwata guru. Asi izwi rabha basa nokuda kwemakemikari kukwegura makore mashomanana.

Mechanical Zvifambiso, vachishandisa simba raJehovha compressed gasi

In kwakadai simba okuchengetera mano imhaka gasi compression. In pamberi ane nekumwisa simba nokuda compressor gasi rakadzvanyidzirwa iri jekiseni kupinda chibharuma. Sezvo zvakafanira, compressed gasi rinoshandiswa kutyaira turbine kana jenareta. Panguva masimba pasi turbine inofanira kushandiswa pachinzvimbo pisitoni injini. The gasi ari kumanikidzwa mudziyo mazana atmospheres ane yakakwirira chaizvo simba arambe achirema kwemakore, uye pamberi yepamusoro mavharuvhu - uye makumi ezviuru zvemakore.

Kuunganidza chafariz simba

Vazhinji nharaunda nyika yedu iri mune kuchamhembe munzvimbo, saka chikuru chikamu simba vaparadzwa nokuda muchidziisa nechomukati. Panyaya iyi nguva nenguva kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko pakuchengeta inodziya iri nemotokari uye nokubvisa kubva ipapo kana zvakakodzera.

Kazhinji, haugoni kubudirira yakakwirira arambe achirema pakati zvakachengetwa chafariz simba, uye chero chinokosha ouzivi richengetedzwe. Kune zano anobudirira wandei mamiriro ayo uye matunhu mitengo hazvisi yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakapararira.

Kuunganidza tichiregeredza kupisa vanokwanisa

Uyu mumwe mukuru nzira. Zvinonzi inobva nheyo chafariz simba okuchengetera zvinhu apo nenharo uye kudzokera kupisa panguva yayo kutonhora. The namaapuro Zvifambiso izvi zviri nyore chaizvo. Vanogona kuva chero chidimbu chikukutu kana namahwindo mudziyo ine mvura coolant. chafariz simba zvitoro vane upenyu hurefu zvikuru, anenge mapfumo uwandu simba okuchengetera ndokudzoka zvinogara. Asi kuchengetera nguva asingadi kusapfuudza kwamazuva mashoma.

Kuunganidza yemagetsi simba

Electrical simba - ichi ndicho chinonyanya nyore chimiro nayo munyika yanhasi. Ndokusaka nemagetsi Zvifambiso vari zvinowanzoshandiswa uye vakava vazhinji. Sezvineiwo, zvakachipa mano chaizvo capacitance iri diki, uye mano rurefu chaizvo inokwana dzinodhura uye pfupi. Kuchengetera zvemagetsi simba - iri capacitors, supercapacitors, mabhatiri.

capacitors

Ndicho inonyanya kufarirwa mhando simba chekuchengeta. Capacitors vanokwanisa kushanda pane imwe tembiricha inobva -50 kusvika +150 inegumi. Kuwanda simba okuchengetera-hazviiti kutenderera - makumi emabhiriyoni por wechipiri. Unobva capacitors vanoverengeka zvakafanana, unogona kuwana zvinodiwa tichikwanisa ukoshi nyore. Uyezve, pane shanduka capacitors. Kusandura capacitance pamusoro capacitors kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa mechanically kana electrically, kana simba tembiricha. Kakawanda shanduka capacitors dzinogona kuwanikwa resonant remudunhu.

Capacitors vari rakakamurwa makirasi maviri - the polar uye nevasiri polar. Hwose polar (electrolytic) isingasviki nonpolar, ivo vava novimba zvokunze ezvinhu, asi panguva imwe chete kuva yakakwirira chaiyo capacitance.

Sezvo simba okuchengetera capacitors - kwete kubudirira chaizvo zviridzwa. Vane chiduku vanokwanisa uye duku yakananga arambe achirema ari mumabhatiri simba raro nguva okuchengetera kunoyerwa seconds, mumaminitsi, maawa kashoma. Capacitors vakawana chikumbiro kunyanya simba zvemagetsi uye magetsi mapurani.

Kukarukureta of capacitor, sezvinoita mutemo, haakonzeri zvinetso. ruzivo All zvakafanira marudzi akasiyana capacitors inopiwa mukugadzirwa handbooks.

ionistory

mano aya ndiwo ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati polar capacitors uye mabhatiri. "Supercapacitors" dzimwe nguva anonzi. Nokudaro, vane hombe nhamba muripo-pakuyerera rwakazara, vanokwanisa mukuru kupfuura capacitor, asi shoma zvishoma kudarika mabhatiri diki. simba okuchengetera nguva - kusvika vhiki dzinoverengeka. Ionistory chaizvo nehanya tembiricha.

simba mabhatiri

Electrochemical mabhatiri anoshandiswa kana uchida kuchengeta yakawanda simba. Zvakanyanyokosha akakodzera kuti ichi chinangwa kutungamirira-asidhi namano. Vakanga yakagadzirwa anenge 150 apfuura. Uye kubva ipapo, ari bhatiri mudziyo haiunzi chinhu chitsva. Paiva yakawanda unyanzvi yokutevedzera, kunaka zvinoriumba, nani bhatiri kuvimbika iri yekudyidzana ichiwedzerwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti bhatiri mudziyo, vakasikwa vagadziri siyana zvinangwa zvakasiyana dzinosiyana chete zviduku mashoko.

Electrochemical mabhatiri dzinoiswa kupinda traction uye pokutangira. Traction inoshandiswa yemagetsi chokufambisa, uninterruptible simba rinopiwa, simba matsime. For mabhatiri vakadaro vanoonekwa ne refu uye yunifomu okuyerera ayo udzamu guru. Kutanga mabhatiri anogona kupa mukuru kuitika munguva pfupi, asi kwakadzama zvinoyerera kwavari isingagamuchiriki.

Electrochemical mabhatiri vane vashoma muripo-pakuyerera zvinogara, paavhareji, kubvira 250 kusvika 2000. Kunyange kana pasina oparesheni vakasamhanya pashure makore mashomanana. Electrochemical mabhatiri vane hanya tembiricha, dzinoda refu kuchaja nguva uye wakaoma kuchengeta mitemo kushanda.

The mudziyo inofanira recharged nguva nenguva. The bhatiri nokuchengeta iri yakaiswa pamusoro motokari, anogadzirwa mune jenareta kutyaira. Munguva yechando, izvi hazvina kukwana, dzihwa bhatiri zvakaipa Zvinoda mutariri, uye simba kudyiwa pakutanga injini inowedzerawo. naizvozvo zvakafanira kuita kumwe undoraira bhatiri mune noushamwari kamuri chaiyo mundiro. Chimwe chikuru zvainovhiringidzawo mutobvu-asidhi dzakabatana wavo uremu zvikuru.

Batteries nokuti yakaderera-simba namano

Kana raida Mobile Namano zviyereso duku, asi akasarudza kutevera mhando rechargeable mabhatiri vari nickel-cadmium, lithium Ion, simbi dzemasanganiswa, polymer-Ionic. Vane yakakwirira chaiyo kukwanisa, asi mutengo iri yepamusoro zvikuru. Ivo zvinoshandiswa mobile phones, Laptops, makamera uye dzimwe diki namano. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana mabhatiri zvisingapindirani parameters dzavo: uwandu muripo zvinogara, pasherefu upenyu, vanokwanisa, saizi, etc ...

Lithium-Ion mabhatiri zvinoshandiswa mukuru-simba emagetsi uye nemotokari remasanganiswa. Vane lightweight, yakakwirira chaizvo capacitance uye yakakwirira rakavimbika. Panguva iyoyowo, lithium-Ion mabhatiri dzine inflammable. Galvanzie anogona chingozviitikira pfupi-circuiting, zvokuimba deformation kana kuparadzwa muviri, kusagadzikana mhosva muoti kana bhatiri buditsa. Asi zvakaoma kuti kudzima moto nokuda mukuru basa lithium.

Batteries ndivo hwaro mano mazhinji. Somuenzaniso, simba chekuchengeta zvekudya foni - chitsidzo zvokunze bhatiri rongedza, muNzvimbo imwe twi, isapinda. Kunoitawo kuti kurayira kana simba serura. Simba Mobile simba okuchengetera mano vanokwanisa kubhadharisa zvose digitaalinen makamera, kunyange Laptops. In mano zvakadaro, anogadza, yemanyorero lithium Ion mabhatiri guru chinzvimbo. simba chekuchengeta zvekudya pamba kana kuita pasina mabhatiri. Asi zvikuru kunzwisisa namano. Uyezve bhatiri mu sezvamunoita ravo rinosanganisira bhatiri mundiro, mumwe kudzora gadziriro, imwe inverter. The mano anogona kushanda se wechigarire network, uyewo mamwe mabhuku. The goho simba pakati 5 KW.

Aggregators makemikari simba

Kusiyanisa "mafuta" uye "vasina mafuta" marudzi Zvifambiso. Ivo zvinoda anokosha unyanzvi uye kazhinji yainetsa yepamusorosoro michina. Used pezvakaitwa kubvumira kugamuchira simba akasiyana siyana. The thermochemical siyana anogona kutora nzvimbo zvose panguva yakaderera uye panguva kumusoro tembiricha. Zvinoumba nokuti mukuru-tembiricha siyana hunosumwa chete kana zvakakodzera kugamuchira simba. Vasati kuti, akachengetwa yoga munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoumba nokuti yakaderera-tembiricha akadaro kazhinji mumudziyo imwe.

Energy okuchengetera chinotsva uchishandisa nguva

Nzira iyi zvinosanganisira zvachose akazvimirira maviri matanho: simba okuchengetera ( "kuchaja") uye kushandiswa kwayo ( "tiite"). Traditional mafuta Kazhinji ane yakakwirira chaizvo simba vanokwanisa, zvingangoita okuchengetera kwenguva refu, nyore. Asi upenyu hazvirevi mira. Pakatanga itsva Michina anoisa yakakwirira yaanoti mafuta. Dambudziko riri kugadziriswa nokuvandudza raivapo uye nokusika itsva, mukuru-simba rinochiwedzera.

Wide okusuma itsva mienzaniso aparidze kushaya kwesayenzi urongwa, marara, hombe moto uye kuputika njodzi basa, kudiwa vashandi zvikuru vanokwanisa, kwemitengo kwemichina.

Pasina mafuta mushonga simba okuchengetera

In chimiro ichi ngarurege simba inochengetwa kuburikidza kutendeuka vamwe makemikoro mune dzimwe. Somuenzaniso, mashoko slaked madota panguva kudziyisa anova quicklime mamiriro. Apo "pauri" zvakachengetwa simba asunungurwa sezvo kupisa uye gasi. Ndizvo zvinoitika kana madota slaking mvura. Kutanga maitiro, kazhinji zvakakwana kubatanidza zvinoriumba. Chaizvoizvo, kwakadai thermochemical kuita chete anotora muriise imwe tembiricha mazana ezviuru rworwendo. Naizvozvo, midziyo inoshandiswa zvikuru kwakatooma uye zvinodhura.