Glomerulonephritis: kupatsanura. Kuzvimba neitsvo. itsvo kuvhiya

Kuzvimba netsvo, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kuvadza mupise midziyo, mukurapa inonzi "glomerulonephritis". zvokurwara kupatsanura kunobva zvinokonzera chirwere, kosi yacho chaizvo. Muzviitiko zvizhinji chirwere ichi vari tagovera itsvo glomeruli (glomerulus). Zvisinei, mashoko pathological muitiro ingasanganisira mamwe itsvo zvikamu: tubules intercellular tishu. Kakawanda, maperembudzi chirwere muvana pasi pamakore 12 okuberekwa. Zvisinei, hatigoni haabatanidzi ngozi chirwere vakura.

Zvinoitwa chirwere

Chii glomerulonephritis? Zviri akawanda akasiyana zvirwere, ayo nevanhu anogumbura cheitsvo inozivikanwa. Most kazhinji kunokonzerwa akaipa kwechirwere rakapinza muruoko muviri kutapukirwa uye allergens.

Zvokurwara akaratidza kukundwa glomeruli, renal tubules, nemidziyo. Kuzozivisa zvakadzama, inova chirwere ikabata anatomi. Glomeruli kuita mumuviri rimwe inokosha mabasa. Vari yakasvinwa uye muchetura, nekumwisa mura kuora zvinhu nezvimwe vasingadiwi zvinhu.

Glomeruli dziri mumuviri womunhu itsvo. Ndivo nesumbu capillaries yacho loop mhando. Mune kazhinji kutoitwa muviri ropa kunoita kuburikidza afferent arterioles. Zvino anopinda renal glomerulus. Pano, pane filtration uye weti aumbwa. All tsvina, tsvina zvinopedzwa mu mochesborny tubule. Kubva vanopinda mhango pakati itsvo, uye ipapo - kuti dundira. Ropa, ndokunatsawo pakusachena zvisingadiwi nokuda efferent arteriole mashizha glomerule.

A mufananidzo siyanei ari kuchengetwa kana munhu hwapedyo glomerulonephritis. zvokurwara Izvi ichazivikanwa noku kuwedzera renal firita patency. Somugumisiro, runodiwa basa rinoitwa kwete zvakazara. The weti ingadzika makuru zvivako: mapuroteni, masero matsvuku eropa, chena muropa masero. Uye zvinoriumba izvi zvinokosha muviri. Kuchiita hosha kunotungamirira Kushatiswa ropa kucheneswa. Zvakawandisa Urume uye zvinokuvadza haana yabudiswa.

Most kazhinji hosha anobva maitiro muviri zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kana kuti haupindirani nezvimwe zvinhu. Asi dzimwe nguva chirwere chacho autoimmune. Panyaya iyi, hosha ikabuda iri itsvo kukuvadza pachavo antibodies ayo.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Nei kuitika glomerulonephritis? Kupatsanura Apa novimba mhaka chirwere.

Zvinhu zvinotevera ndizvo zvinotisimbisa chikuru glomerulonephritis:

1. Streptococcal chirwere. tiwedzere ichi ndicho chirwere. Kazhinji, kukuvara itsvo kushatiriswa kukodzera kubata streptococcal tonsillitis. Kurapa zvokurwara ichi, zvinokosha kupedza zvizere nzira inorwisa mabhakitiriya chairayirwa chiremba. Uraya streptococcus dzimwe nzira zvisingabviri. Kana utachiona haasi zvakazara zvachose, shure kwemazuva 10-14, anogona kuva chakasimba post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. With muviri zvokurwara kwakadaro pacharo rinotanga wokurwisa itsvo masero.
2. Nemavhairasi chirwere. It kunogonawo kukonzera kuitazve chirwere chacho.
3. Colds. Chirwere zvakaomesa itsvo kuzvimba.
4. Systemic zvokurwara pamusoro connective tishu. Zvisiri pachena kukura glomerulonephritis anogona nhema dzinonzi rheumatoid arthritis, chinonzi systemic lupus, polyarteritis periarthritis, vasculitis.
5. Chirwere kwemabhakitiriya kana kutapukirwa noutachiona. Zvokurwara anokwanisa kuva pamusoro pakanyorwa nemavhairasi kuzvimba chiropa hepatitis B uye C, njovhera, kutapuriranwa endocarditis, marariya.
6. Metabolic zvirwere. By glomerulonephritis kungakonzerwa amyloidosis, chirwere cheshuga mellitus, urate nephropathy, gout.
7. Zvirwere ropa. basa rayo kukura hosha anogona kutamba rwekenza yelymphoma, vakawanda myeloma, chisingaperi neleukemia.
8. Chepfu zvinhu. Achava chikungiso kuti kukura glomerulonephritis angava kushandisa zvinodhaka, zvinodhaka uye doro; migumisiro iri muviri mekuri, kutungamirira, zvokufembedzwa, vamwe chepfu (semuenzaniso, wakisi, nyoka). Hwaro nechitarisiko chirwere anogona nhema nemwaranzi kurwara, simba undercooling majekiseni.

symptomatology chirwere

Dzimwe nguva zvokurwara kunogona asymptomatic. Vanachiremba vanoti inenge hafu varwere vari panoonekwa glomerulonephritis, chirwere iri dzakaonekwa chete kuburikidza kuongorora zvokurapa. Uye varwere pachavo havana kutomboziva kukura mumuviri zvakadaro chakakomba zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kana glomerulonephritis chinoita pachayo akanzwa, zviratidzo vachava sezvinotevera:

1. Puffiness. Kunenge kumeso, anopenya. Kuzvimba munogona okumusoro migumo. uremu vakura kunokonzerwa zviratidzo zvakadai dzimwe nguva kunowedzera mazuva 7 pa 25 makirogiramu.
2. Oliguria. A kuderera kana kusavapo murwere weti zvakakwana.
3. Kupfupika mweya. Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvikuru chokubuda kungaita kuti pulmonary edema.
4. Hematuria. The weti anova yakatsvukuruka. Izvi zvinosiyana pamberi ropa mairi.
5. BP. Patient kunokuvadza kuwedzera kuramba vari kumanikidzwa.
6. Kuvapo mapuroteni iri weti. Zvinonzi kukonzerwa yakawedzera bandwidth glomeruli panguva ropa filtration.
7. The yakakwirira tembiricha.
8. Kurwadziwa lumbar mudunhu - bilateral.
9. Constant kunzwa nenyota.
10. Kurutsa, kuvapo svoto. Kushaya kudya.

Zvino tarisai chii yakadaro siyana pathologies sezvo glomerulonephritis.

kupatsanura zvirwere

Zvokurwara inokamukana pamusoro siyana chikonzero. Ndokusaka pane vanoverengeka classifications ayo.

Saka, yeuka zvikonzero nei pane glomerulonephritis. Kupatsanura chirwere pamusoro chimiro zvinyorwa vachava sezvinotevera:

1. Primary glomerulonephritis. Itsvo dziri kukanganiswa somugumisiro pathogenic zvinhu.
2. Secondary. The chirwere hwapedyo tikafunga huripo abnormalities pamuviri.

Maererano percolation hunhu chirwere unogona kuva:

• yakapinza - achangobva kuzomukazve;
• subacute - zvokurwara ndedzoupenyu vaviri mavhiki kana mwedzi mishoma;
• chirwere - chirwere yakaenderera mberi kwegore, uye dzimwe nguva refu.

Maererano rwakadini yokusunungurwa:

• diffuse mutoo iyo unosanganisira yose firita mamiriro;
• zvatichiri chirwere.

chimiro chirwere

Akapiwa hunhu zviratidzo, vanachiremba patsanura chirwere sezvinotevera:

1. Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa chimiro. The zvokurwara rinowanikwa pakavanda. Murwere ane zviratidzo episodic zvapera. Kazhinji kacho, chimiro ichi runozivisa subacute mhando.
2. Cyclical. Ichazivikanwa noku rikwanise kuzvimba. Murwere ane kwazvo zviratidzo. Kazhinji, kunouya akurumidze kupora. Zvisinei, chimiro ichi kazhinji kuripo.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvokurwara

Chimwe chikuru zvechadenga chirwere anoonekwa kuti kunotoda chimiro. Chakagadziridzwa chirwere rinoitwa kufungisisa hwakapararira symptomatology.

Pahwaro maitiro zvinhu ndiyo mhando anotevera pamusoro glomerulonephritis:

1. Nephrotic. Pachena kuzvimba.
2. Hematuric. Kushoma unobatanidzwa pamwe symptomatic zvachinja weti. Proteinuria, hematuria zvine mwero.
3. Vane chirwere cheBP. Dangerous chimiro. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa kuwedzera kwakuri ari kuitiswa. Zvingaite kuti matambudziko anokonzerwa neBP.
4. Hwakakanyiwa. In chimiro ichi nephrotic-vane chirwere cheBP mubatanidzwa zviratidzo. Zvokurwara kwakasiyana chaizvo murombo fungidziro.

Pane imwe kupatsanura - morphological zviratidzo:

1. Zvatichiri segmental glomerular kuzvimba. Nokuti zvokurwara dzinoratidzwa nokukurumidza kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri renal capillaries.
2. Mesangioproliferative nephritis. Vakawanda chimiro chirwere. The zvokurwara kunoratidzwa deposits kuti masoja zvivako kuti dzakananga utachiona kubva antibodies.
3. Membranous nephropathy. Thickened glomerular rirambe richibvira masvingo vanoumba proteinaceous plaques akaratidza.
4. Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Vashandi vakafumura glomeruli rinenge diffuse kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Somugumisiro, havana inotsiviwa unobva masero. Zvokurwara rwakashata siyana Muchiitiko.

Ngatikurukurei muudzame dzimwe mhuka.

chenjera maonero

zvokurwara ichi inotanga pakarepo uye ane kazhinji symptomatic. Chenjera diffuse glomerulonephritis kunoratidzwa fivha, gipostenuriey, polturiiey uye hematuria, kuvapo musana marwadzo. The zvokurwara zvinogona kwemabhakitiriya, chipimo chemushonga, zvirwere kana nemavhairasi.

subacute fomu

Zvokurwara ane rimwe zita - akaipa glomerulonephritis. It kunoratidzwa nokukurumidza kukura. Murwere ane zviratidzo zvimwechete mune rikwanise mhando.

Zvisinei, zvose zviratidzo chirwere vane raidudzwa:

• bundu;
• kuderedza uwandu weti;
• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• pallor;
• kupfupika mweya;
• atindivare kuti weti;
• simba;
• palpitations;
• kumanikidzwa.

Kurwara akanzi ne bvunzo ropa, weti.

membranous glomerulopathy

Nokuti chimiro ichi kunoratidzwa diffuse thickening of glomerular rirambe richibvira membrane. Kakawanda, zvokurwara chokuita chirwere. Ko tichikurumidza ichi chirwere siyana nevanhu. Vane membranous glomerulonephritis dzinoratidzwa kunonoka kutanga. Mukuwedzera, maperembudzi pamwe nephrotic chirwere uye proteinuria.

The zvokurwara kunogona kuoma ne chirwere renal insufficiency, venous thrombosis, somugumisiro zvinogona kukonzera peripheral thromboembolism.

pakurapa chirwere

Kurwisa chirwere ashandiswe nzwisisika kurapa kuti rinobatanidza:

• mishonga;
• kuomerera vaitofanira kudya (Table № 7a);
• mubhedha zororo (mu watangazve chakasimba kana chokubuda).

Kazhinji, nzira izvi vachikubvumira nokukurumidza kusunga rikwanise weboka chirwere. Zvadaro, murwere anosarudzwa rutapudzo mishonga.

Asi dzimwe nguva chirwere kunoratidzwa kwazvo. Muchiitiko chino, hemodialysis murwere basa. Izvi kudzivirira murwere kubva zvakakomba yematambudziko ari chirwere. Special mudziyo, yainzi "chakagadzirwa itsvo", anoita ropa inosuka chepfu yeimwe, zvakawandisa mvura uye electrolytes. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti varwere vaya vane mamiriro ari bilateral maronda yakatanga renal insufficiency mune chirwere chimiro.

itsvo kuvhiya

Chirwere glomerulonephritis kungaita kuti panzvimbo nemigumisiro. Mumwe wavo itsvo kutadza. Uye kana ari kwokutanga matanho (zviviri-nzira muitiro) unogona kubatsira midziyo "chakagadzirwa itsvo", ipapo achimhanya muitiro kukurumidza nyaya kuisirwa rinobuda. It riri transplanting womunhu yakawanikwa kubva anyatsoronga.

Kuvhiya Kidney rinoitwa chete pashure kumbonyatsoongorora kuzviongorora murwere. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti transplantation ane contraindications ayo. Uyezve, matambudziko angamuka pamwe kusarudzwa kuva anyatsoronga itsvo.