Mutambi uye choreographer Marta Grem: A Biography. School uye Marty Grem kutamba unyanzvi

Chero enisaikoropidhiya hwemazuva kutamba mutambi zita Marty Grem raMwari vachamira panzvimbo rukudzo. Rinogona kunzi echimurenga uye muparadzi nheyo. Graham Dance School uye wake unyanzvi akava hwaro ano uye magadzirirwo awo akafurira kukura kutamba munyika.

kutanga enzira

May 11, 1894 mutaundi duku American akaberekwa Marta Grem. Kana nharaunda kana mhuri, kana nguva zvaiita, haana kufanotaura ramangwana musikana ichi chikuru, asi mugumo akarayira kudaro. mhuri Graham yaiva zvizvarwa kubvira pakutanga kugara mu America vaibva Scotland. ramangwana mutambi baba aiva chiremba wepfungwa, vabereki vaizviti Presbyterianism uye vakabata kuchinja chaizvo maonero upenyu. Mhuri raiva yakapfuma, Martha zvishoma takapoteredzwa nanny Catholic uye navaranda mumba kushanda Chinese uye Japanese. Saka, mumwe musikana kubva pauduku aigona tinyatsoziva dzakasiyana.

Asi kutamba mumhuri kwainzi kukodzera uye vanotadza. Saka, muna March kokutanga watarisana unyanzvi magadzirirwo awo kwemakore anoda kusvika 20 makore. Akakwanisa kushanyira yakakurumbira Zvakataurwa Ruth St. Denis, rakachinja nyika nevakadzi. Zvinotora chisarudzo zvachose kupinda okuti zviri School, uye gare gare akaramba zvidzidzo vake yakakurumbira chikoro Denishoun iyo kwaanenge pacharo muna Saint-Denis, pamwe kunoshamisa choreographer Ted Shawn. Kwapera makore mashomanana ruchapinda muruoko kambani "Denishoun" uye achaita debut mu zvesimba rake pamusoro guru pachikuva.

Dance of Victorian yaitonga

At kwezana remakore paiva rakadzikama voruzhinji pfungwa yokuti kutamba - haisi yokutamba basa. Akanga chikamu varaidzo inoratidza: vaudeville, cabaret. Mune US, dzekare kutamba nenguva havana kugamuchira kuchikosha kupararira, pane yakaumbwa chikoro yenyika. Yaivawo zvakawanda pfungwa pamusoro kutamba. Varume vakarayirwa zvakaringana, zvakananga jog kufamba, vakadzi aifanirawo embody kumeso mitsetse. Nokuremara kuratidzirwa kutamba mitambo, vaifarira vari chekare, antic nyaya. Iye aifanira kushandisa lyric mabasa munyoro epurasitiki magadzirirwo.

Kunzwisiswa zvingangoitika

Marta Grem magadzirirwo awo akauya mukupera, kunyange maererano nezvinodiwa nguva - makore 20, saka dzekare kutamba aiva nguva yakaoma, asi haana, uye akanga asingafariri. Mune boka "Denishoun" achibvunzwa wake lyricism, zvakanga zvisiri zvakafanana naye. Ted Shawn - kuzivikanwa sezvo baba American kutamba - akaona Graham chaiwo simba uye mano, wake aikwanisa uye vaneshungu hunhu haana Xochitl abvunza kwaari. It aigona kuratidza maitiro Marita, "ari ferocity kuti Panther dema" uye runako kwayo. Iye kwazvo akada uri Nouveau, yakanga mukuwirirana kwete chete zera, asi maonero ayo uye hunhu. Kubvira pauduku, Marita paakanzwa kwababa nharo kuti motokari runogona nechomukati, kunetsa. Pfungwa iyi yakaita kuti pakasikwa warwo rwokugadzira.

Mukupfuura muganhu inobvira

Search epurasitiki mikana kwave zvinoitwa nguva, hapana chakasara nenzira iyi uye Martha Graham unyanzvi waiva budiriro vachimutambira ano. Rinotsvaka kubvisa nevanhukadzi kusaruramisira nokutamba, kupa vakadzi kodzero manzwiro akasimba uchibatsirwa unopinza, kuenzana masangano. Graham aida kuumba nzira iyo ichabatsira vachitamba kuva quasi-wevakadzidza, embodying manzwiro uye pfungwa. Iye akabvunza kuti kurangwa uye yakakwirira wevasungwa pakati vachitamba, apo vakakwanisa nyore kuti dzekare tsika mapurasitiki kuti nyore kunzwisisa pfungwa dzevateereri vachitamba akapa mikana yakawanda yokuratidza manzwiro. Kufunga uye rokusika zvinhu Graham kunzwisisa kuti kutamba kunobva zvikonzero zvitatu: nguva, simba uye nzvimbo. The simba chokuita nemanzwiro kuti anokonzera sangano, yaiva kutanga chinzvimbo zvigadzirwa zvayo. Zvidzidzo mukirasi Martha akatanga ngetani nyore kufamba kuti zvakanyatsobatana mu nziyo dzakaoma. Equipment inovakwa pamitemo miviri: kontrakshn (compression) uye kusunungurwa (uyewo). Iye akaita mutambi kuti kufunga kwemwoyo kuteerera mitemo anatomical plasticity. Kutsvaka yokuzviratidza vachimutambira akabvumira Graham kuumba yakasiyana kwenzira umo basa rinokosha iri reDare kufema uye yevasungwa. Akakwanisa kunzwisisa uye kushandisa kuti aesthetic yaibvira dzemuviri. Her chidobi ndiyo muzinda kutamba ano vachiri uye zvirimo mukurovedza zvose zvirongwa vachitamba ounyanzvi.

March aiziva kuti munhu anoona nyika kuburikidza nemifananidzo, ngano, archetypes, uye rinoshandiswa pemabasa avo. Marta Grem zvinganaka kupfeka non-dzekare kutamba zvatinoona. Akaedza kupa vachitamba rusununguko mukuru mupfungwa rokuti.

Marty Grem troupe

Muna 1926, Marita Mashizha "Denishoun" troupe, umo iye haana kurangarira kukwanisa kuziva pfungwa dzavo. Pamusoro pazvo, troupe aiva mambokadzi - Saint-Denis, uye nzvimbo Graham hakuna chete hapana sarudzo. Iye anounganidza kambani yake muna 1927, waiva pakutanga zvechikadzi, izvozvo zvaisanganisira kupfuura vakazvipira mudzidzi. March vakanga pedyo rainge rakabudirira revakadzi raive maonero, ndiko yakawanda kufunga nezvebasa vakadzi munzanga uye vakaedza kuzvipa zvakawanda kodzero uye nemikana. Akatounza Rakakwanira dingindira iri nepfuma yakawanda: ". Mhere" "The Mupanduki", "Border" uye akakurumbira In nezvinobvamo izvi Graham rinosanganisa pfungwa dzake uye zvakabudiswa, bewitching vateereri mapurasitiki itsva.

Muna 1938, kuti troupe rinowanika murume wokutanga - Erik Houkins, uyo chinoita kuti modernize Martha kutamba unyanzvi, izvozvo kunowedzerwa pamwe dzenhoroondo okunze. Papera chinguva, kuti troupe anouya Merce Cunningham, uyo akava nomukurumbira somunhu muparadzi zvetsika kutamba ari canons.

World-inozivikanwa troupe waMarita akagamuchira pashure tichiona Europe uye kuMiddle East. Choreographer unoitisa mumwe chikoro, iyo, pamwe kambani anogamuchira yakamisirwa nzvimbo localization mu New York. boka iri iripo nhasi. Uye kwete sezvinoita shongwe huru Graham, asi somunhu mupenyu, rokusika chikwata. The repertoire of troupe akachengetedza nezvinobvamo zhinji Martha, zvesimba yake yakanyorwa kuzvibereko.

Home inoshandiswa pakutsigira

Mumakore ake upenyu rokusika Marta Grem rinoumbwa 180 zvesimba. Her nhaka ari achirova kusiyana uye wakapfuma, zvakaoma kusiyanisa zvakada chete-chinhu. Asi chinonyanya kuoneka zvesimba Graham ari "Kunyora nyika", "The mubako mwoyo", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "lucid fungidziro, hope," "Mabasa Light". zvesimba rake nemubvunzo kwete chete zvikuru magadzirirwo awo, asi vakafunga-kunze zvidukuduku. Iye akasarudza zvokupfeka, mimhanzi, achitora spatial zvinogadzirisa, muchirongwa zvakasikwa nzvimbo yokugara. zvesimba rake nhasi ndiwo chaiwo chishandiswa vachitamba uye choreographers.

nevadiwa zvikuru

Munhoroondo kutamba yakawanda kunoshamisa vanhu, asi upenyu kurarama ari kutamba - zvishoma. Great mutambi remakore rechi20, akakwanisa kuunza zvose nekuchiva vachimutambira uye nhoroondo yaro - ndiye Marta Grem. Photo Ballerina achirova simba uye kutaura, iye kwakadzika rokupedzisira zvakadzama nomufananidzo, iye anofunga pamusoro magadzirirwo awo uye zvokupfeka. Uye yakawanda hanya rwakabhadharwa kuna kusarudza shamwari kutamba. Iye akashanda zvikuru vakararama zhinji (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, Mers Kanningem, Robert Wilson). Special mutsetse wake Biography Rinobatanidzwa ne pakasikwa kutamba ano, uye pano tandem Jose sitruuna uye Marta Grem vake zvisingabviri kwete kurangarira. Ava vaviri innovator, mukuru echimurenga, nokusika chii fascinates vateereri saka kure.

Impact panyika kutamba

Kana paine munhu, akanyatsosiyana uchiumba tsika remakore rechi20, ichi ndicho Marta Grem. Quotes kubva Mashoko ake zvakajeka munguva mutambi uye mafungiro ake upenyu hwake. Akati: "Movement haatomborevi nhema, muviri anotumira tembiricha kwemweya." March akaita pfungwa huru pfungwa nokutamba, chikava yake huru makodzero. Aivawo akakwanisa kuva mutauro kutarisana kutaura manzwiro, iyo yakava yakasiyana kwenzira pamusoro Marty Grem. Zvinonzi kuonekwa muvambi kutamba ano muna America, uye kukosha kwayo kuti nokuumba choreographic chikoro National hazvigoni dzakanaka.

It kwete chete akasika dzakasiyana troupe, asiwo kufanorongwa zvesimba nokuda dzemitambo dzakawanda, apo vateereri akakwanisa kuona vachitamba zvikuru zvakadaro Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Natalia Makarova.

upenyu Personal

Marta Grem, ane Biography rwunokwanisa akapiwa kutamba, aisagona zvizere vakaziva somukadzi. Murume wake aiva shamwari iri nokutamba, wakanaka murume - Erik Houkins. Ivo vakagara pamwe chete kwemakore 6 makore uye pakakoromoka raiva kuvhunduka guru Marita, asi akakwanisa kuita nazvo mupfungwa ruzivo, razova ichikonzera achifuridzirwa ichitamba. Iye akasiya padanho mumakore 76, akasangana nezvazvo mwoyo chaizvo, asi akakwanisa kukunda kurwara uye kudzokera nebasa choreographer, achinyora mumwe 10 ballets. Iye vakashaya muna March mumakore 96.