MuPskov Kremlin. MuPskov - zvinotyisa. MuPskov Kremlin - Photo

MuPskov iri kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu Russia, vanenge 690? Km kubva Moscow. Muguta nzizi mbiri: Mukuru uye muPskov. Zita musha uyu uye rwizi chete zita rinobva Finno-Finnish rinoreva "nebwe mvura". The chikuru kushongedzwa reguta mi- muPskov Kremlin. Kunze kwake, pano unogona kuona zvakawanda ibwe Ages machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi yekare.

History reguta

Guta rakanga kutaurwa muna 903, apo Prince Igor akaroora Olga. In yenhau chakataurwa kuti aiva chizvarwa muPskov. Muzana XII remakore, guta rakava chikamu Novgorod minda, uye akazova yakazvimirira Republic muPskov muzana. Muna 1510, guta raiva chikamu Grand Duchy of Moscow, uye kubvira 1777 rakava muzinda wenyika muPskov province.

Kubva muzana remakore rechigumi, uye kusvikira ushe Peter I muPskov raiva-yaizivikanwa guta kuRussia uye kunze. Zvisinei, mushure St. Petersburg vanovakira ayo budiriro akatanga kusviba. Muna 1944, guta aitoita nevaNazi, vachisiya ruzhinji nhoroondo Zvivako zvakaparadzwa. Contemporary rwayo - zviri zvachose munorumbidzirweiko restorers uye ezvivako vakanga vakavakazve chikuru rainzwika muPskov nemisha yakapoteredza.

Local Kremlin: neimwewo muchidimbu

Kremlin muPskov kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, Crom vaiona muenzaniso mapurani yekare kwazvo. Riri pamusoro matombo pamahombekombe panzvimbo rwizi mainozonodira muPskov Great. Chimiro yekare ine zvikamu zviviri: wokunze uye yomukati nhare. Nharaunda yose rakafanana Kremlin iyo kunosvika kumusoro nezasi Delta. Ndirwowo Utatu Cathedral, akavaka anenge 1683-1699 makore, uyewo paichimbova veche, izvo kare vakapfuura Chamber. Cathedral uye nyore kuonekwa kubva mhiri korwizi. In rwezasi Dovmontov guta. Kwekutanga munzvimbo idzi kwaiva nemachechi akawanda uye dzimba. Zvino kumboda ndinogona chete kuona yetemberi, saka vose vakaparadzwa panguva dzakasiyana.

MuPskov Kremlin inoremekedzwa 3 hectares wenyika akapoteredzwa rakavakirirwa ibwe masvingo. Kwakasara inokukura ikanyanya, akafukidza remuti denga.

tarisa mukati

Kuchamhembe chikamu Kremlin ari 5-weDanho shongwe. Kutekroma akaitumidza, uye kukwirira kwayo kuri 30 mamita. Kumabvazuva rusvingo Kremlin akatambanudzira kuti 435 metres uye kumadokero - pa 345 metres.

At mwoyo Crom ndiye shanu-domed Holy Trinity Cathedral. Chivako ichi - the Quad panzvimbo ino. Pakutanga, pakati remakore rechigumi paiva chechi yemapuranga, yakanga yakavakwa Princess Olga. Muzana XII remakore pedyo muPskov Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel panzvimbo yayo dombo maumbirwo rakaumbwa. Muzana XV remakore, panzvimbo, paiva wechitatu Trinity Cathedral, izvo zvakabatsira chaizvo kukura mapurani netsika mudunhu. Chinonyanya achangopfuura Church yakavakwa muna 1699 uye yakashongedzwa mutsika dzose-Russian. MuPskov Kremlin - ichi zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe nzvimbo. Pano zvisaririra zvevasande uye batanidza kupinda nezvivakwa kunzwisisa imwe dzakasiyana zvitaera uye nguva.

MuPskov Kremlin History

Sezvineiwo, hameno, asi venhoroondo havana kunyora kana madziro Kremlin uye akavaka shongwe dzaro wokutanga dzakaiswa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuwedzera anotaurwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa chete muna 1065. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuchera matongo vanoti pamahombekombe Pskovy vanhu vakadzoka muna I chemakore BC. Vakanga vaita kuvhima, hove uye kunyange kugadzirwa zvishongo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti guta rakanga akavamba Olga. Panguva iyoyowo, pahwaro akawana zvinhu zvaishandiswa, tinogona kugumisa kuti nguva ino muPskov atova guta dzakazara dzechihedheni rine vakawanda.

Sezvinongoita mimwe guta rakakura uye rakabudirira, muPskov aida yakavimbika kudzivirirwa pavavengi. Maererano neizvi, uye akasarudza kuvaka simba uye haripindiki nhare. Yokutanga Masvingo emapuranga Krom vakaiswa ivhu mugodhi anenge VIII- X emakore, zvinenge, pamusoro chokwadi ichi inotiudza. MuPskov Kremlin akatanga kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. In X-XIII emakore ikoko akatanga kuvaka masvingo ibwe, raikura "pakaoma" (pasina Muitiro unobatanidza mhinduro). Walls akavaka pamusoro kugadzirisa akatanga kubuda chete XIII remakore uye yakabatana nomubato panze. Gare gare, kuvakwa neshongwe idzva rakatanga, achisimbisa masvingo uye vawedzere kukwirira yavo.

Crom njodzi XII uye XVI remakore

First Smerdov shongwe kwave chakavakwa (Dovmont Papera). Akanga kurutivi rworuboshwe pedyo chete panguva pemagedhi. Zvisinei, guta riri kukura nokukurumidza, uye pakanga pari kudiwa pakuvaka pasuwo wechipiri guta. Panyaya iyi, pane Trinity (kana Great) Gateway, izvo akapukunyuka kusvikira mazuva edu.

Muna 1337, kuti simba kupfuura Wall Crome yave yoku-. Panguva iyi, isu wedzerai unoenda Kremlin, uyewo zvakawedzera yokutanga Gate Great. Mugore 1400-1401 gore, kunyorwa mamwe shongwe maviri. Kazhinji, asi XV remakore muPskov Kremlin vanosimbiswa 2 nguva. Panguva iyi, sezvo pane imwe shongwe - Vlasievskaya. It iri pakona Dovmont guta. Zvazova mhando revarwi vairinda: pano akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze richiona vose vatorwa asvika muguta.

Last shongwe - Flat - yakavakwa muna 1500 uye vaiona yakaisvonaka. It anomira pedyo confluence enzizi iri Pskovy Great. Muna 1510, muPskov yakava chikamu kuMoscow weutungamiriri. Muzana XVI remakore, Chrome akava chigaro simba guta zvomudzimu - pakutanga madzishe, ipapo yemo. Muna Kremlin vaiva "Changamire matura" uye zvakachengetwa zvombo. Muna 1537 pamuromo Pskovy zvakagadziriswa nechepazasi grille kuti akafukidza rwizi mubhedha. In pakati XVI remakore pamusoro Trinity shongwe vaiva muguta wachi, asi akadonha 1787 rikaporeswa chete muna 1988.

Sezvo XVIII remakore nhasi

Under Peter Ini muPskov Kremlin (mufananidzo uyu guru rokuvaka unogona kuona pazasi) akaramba aite achizvidzivirira basa. Kazhinji, akaramba akavimbika inodzivirira kunze kwakadziva kumadokero chikamu Russia kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore. Pamberi XX remakore Crom dzinenge matongo uye zvaida zvikuru pedutu. basa guru-pamwero kudzorerwa akatanga makore 60 chete remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Shongwe muPskov Kremlin

Mukuru Kremlin ane 6 shongwe:

- Vlasevkaya shongwe (XV remakore).

- Rybniczkaya (XV remakore). Zvino ndiwo chirangaridzo chitoro (muna 1780 zvakanzi namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, uye muna 1970 chivako chacho anosikwa kwaro yepakutanga chimiro).

- High shongwe.

- Trinity, kana maawa (zvakanzi reconstructed mushure kwakakwana kupedza pamusoro XVII remakore).

- Kutekroma Tower (1400).

- stinks, kana Dovmont shongwe (kubva XIX remakore, ichi hachisi chokwadi shongwe simba yakanga ikava "faceted" turret diki).

Other nzvimbo mubereko

Kuwedzera Kremlin yekare, muPskov pane zvizhinji dzimwe nzvimbo unofanira Chokwadi kudongorera. vashanyi vakawanda anokwezvwa Basil temberi pachikomo, iyo yakavakwa XVI remakore. Kare, mujinga wekereke hoyerera karwizi vadzidzi.

Also iri pedyo netemberi Vasilyevskaya neshongwe, yaiva bellfry. Maererano rekare kupa, ipapo akaturika bhero kuti rinoita vagari panowanikwa eMongolia uye nedzimwe vavengi. Global kudzorerwa kwetemberi rakatanga muna 2009.

Mirozhsky wemamongi

Unoshamisika chii chimwe kunogona kushamisa muguta muPskov? Attractions zvinogona kuonekwa zvishoma makona musha uyu nemakapoteredza zhinji. Somuenzaniso, pano mumwe mukuru dzemamongi kuRussia. Its nani chikuru - pre-Mongolian murals ravakwa XII remakore. Chivako ichi rwuripowo UNESCO mazita munyika zvikuru mabasa ounyanzvi.

Caves wemamongi

MuPskov-Caves Monastery iri 50 km kubva muPskov, uye rakavakwa Reverend Jona. temberi iyi kweanodarika makore 500. Jona akatamira pano nemhuri yake kuti ashumire Mwari kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwake. Akatanga kunodyira patemberi mubako, asi panguva ino kurwara uye wake akafa. Pashure anozomuviga, rakatevera zuva mutsvene akawana kuti yake bhokisi raiva shure pasi. Mushure uchidzokorora kuvigwa zuva rakatevera, iye zvakare akamira pasi. Jona akafunga yaiva chiratidzo chinobva kumusoro, uye haana kundoviga wake mukadzi.

Kubvira ipapo, mitumbi yose mushakabvu vagari muPskov dunhu haisi kuita kuti pasi, uye akasiyiwa ari hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Zvinoshamisa, pasinei nokuti coffins vakanga ndichisvibiswa, akafa muviri akapotsa hazvina pamwe okunatsiridza makore iwayo. Pano vakavigwa vamiririri vanokudzwa mhuri dzakawanda: .. Buturlins, Pushkin, Kutuzov Nazimovs etc. In wemamongi ndiwo tutemberi akadai icon of Amai vaMwari Hodegetria Psokovo-Pechora. Uyezve, ndiyo kupfuura munhurume yemamongi muRussia.

Chii kunotsvaka zvimwe?

Kuchamhembe chikamu muPskov, pamahombekombe poRwizi Mukuru, ndiko Snegorsky wemamonk, dating XIII remakore. Kubvira 1993, zvazova munhukadzi. Kwete kure pano ari kushanda mukereke St. Peter uye Paul.

Asi hazvisi zvose nzvimbo zvinoshamisa kuti anogona kukuratidza muPskov. Attractions, chinogunzva mufananidzo maonero, chokuita kuti nhoroondo guta uye ayo nevagari vakakurumbira. Pane shongwe Princess Olga Monument "Captains Vaviri", mumwe akafanana "mudetembi uye murimi mudiki", uyewo munhu chivezwa ari kukudzwa 300th gore kwokudzivirira hondo Khan Batory uye zvakawanda.

MuPskov - iri nzvimbo chaizvo muguta akapfuma nhoroondo. Mushure kushanyira Kremlin anopa pfungwa yokuti iwe bata uye mukuru nyaya umhare kuti nyika yavo. Masvingo wakakombwa ndaona zvakawanda, akasangana zvose nomufaro uye ndakasuruvara nguva vari munzvimbo iyi, asi pasinei nezvose dzakararama kusvikira nhasi. Kuona dzinoyera yekare, uchanzwa mumwoyo yenyu pane kunzwa rugare norunyararo. Nakidzwa nzvimbo dzokuona dzakanaka uye hunhu nedunhu, iwe zvachose haazokanganwi izvozvo nokusingaperi.

imi mose tinoda ive rwendo inonakidza - a muPskov mepu pamwe varipo, vakasununguka shangu uye mafaro kambani!