Monopolization kuti misika - chii ichi? Concept, anokosha chimiro, zvakaipira monopolization

Modern murume haringanzi kushamiswa pamberi anoverengeka zana akasiyana chizi uye remonedhi, akawandisa mavanga zvipfeko uye michina. Mukupesana, chinowanzoonekwa vakavhiringidzwa kuvapo mugadziri mumwe chete ari indasitiri. Monopolization mumusika - apo nokutengesa imwe ezvinhu mhando kwenhumbi kana mabasa rinowanika kambani imwe chete kana munhu. Panyaya iyi, mutengi asina sarudzo, akamanikidzwa kubvumirana kuti yakatarwa mutengo. Monopolization mumusika - zviri zvakare neurongwa iyo kambani anokwanisa kumutsira mitengo uye kuti kubvisa vakwikwidzi dzavo. Uye makambani aya hazvo makuru, zvose zvinoenderana kukura bhizimisi yavanofanira unoshanda.

pfungwa

Nezvoupfumi anozivisa mhando ina akanaka pamusika zvivako:

• Perfect makwikwi. Pakadaro, pane akawandisa chinotsiva zvigadzirwa, uye kupinda mumusika haasi kunyanya shoma. Zvose "ruoko asingaoneki."
• Monopolistic makwikwi. The indasitiri unoshanda chete zvakawanda vagadziri kuti pave mamwewo zvigadzirwa. Zvisinei, boka vanorichengeta kutonga vamwe pamusoro Pricing. It anosarudza kuti kwevari monopolization mumusika.
• Oligopoly. Pakadaro, pane makambani akawanda kuti pave zvigadzirwa zvakafanana. Vanogona kuva nevakawanda nzira, kuisa mitengo iri indasitiri.
• Chindingindingi. Izvi musika mamiriro rinopa mumwe chete nokutengesa zvigadzirwa, ine kudzora zvizere pamusoro indasitiri.

Features chindingindingi

Kwakajairika uchenjeri ane nayo kuti makwikwi akakwana - koda kuva mushonga, mumwe musarudze pakati zvido mutengesi uye mutengi. Most zvoupfumi mhando tora maumbirwo ichi sezvikonzero. Asi nei, muchiitiko ichi pane monopolization ari pamisika? Izvi imhaka yokuti izvi kunobatsira chaizvo kuti mugadziri. Chekutanga, munhu ndiye Kunowanzurudza purofiti. Chechipiri, mugadziri anogadza mutengo mishonga kwayo kuburikidza tsanangudzo goho. Chechitatu, ari mamiriro ezvinhu chindingindingi, pane zvipingamupinyi makuru kupinda indasitiri. Chete ari mugadziri haagoni kuva kutya nokukurumidza kuwedzera makwikwi.

shepi

Kana pane monopolization mumusika, makwikwi ari zvichiguma Dendere chinhu chinokosha chinoratidza kuti asarudze marudzi ayo. In zvachose pane vatatu siyana chindingindingi :

• Natural. It kunoitika nokuda vavariro zvikonzero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwokudiwa chigadzirwa ichi zvakanakisisa inogutswa nomumwe yakasimba. The chikonzero zvingava zvikuru kugadzirwa muitiro kana vatengi. Somuenzaniso, maindasitiri dzakadaro inosanganisira simba shoma, mvura, njanji chokufambisa.
• Administrative. chimiro ichi chindingindingi zvinoumbwa nemashoko kutora chikamu kwe hurumende. Zviri kuburikidza miviri yavo inopa imwe kambani chete kodzero kushanda ari indasitiri. Upfumi Soviet kwaikosheswa zvakashandiswa. Vazhinji emakambani kutongwa madhipatimendi uye neshumiro.
• Economic chindingindingi - ndicho chimiro. Chitarisiko Its chokuita ndoga akaitwa. A chindingindingi chinzvimbo pamisika kungaita kuti vose kufambira mberi uye kukurumidza centralization kuti guta kuburikidza acquisitions uye neshamwari zvokuzvidira.

Mashoko monopolization mumusika

Kutofunga Zvivako anogona akasikwa sezvo dzakatevedzana acquisitions nevamwe makambani nemamwe uye kuumbwa wakasununguka mune zvimwe maindasitiri. Kugona kwavo uye hurumende. Monopolization mumusika - ndiwo muitiro umo pakati - zvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu:

• Pakuburitsa imwe kambani iri isingadhuri pane dzakawanda. Muchiitiko ichi tinogona kutaura pamusoro rwokuzvarwa chindingindingi.
• Imwe kambani ndiye muridzi ane apo neapo pfuma kana michina. Somuenzaniso, mumwe Xerox kambani panguva iri rakazara kudzora muitiro rokuita makopi. Zivo iyi muitiro vanodzivirirwa patents. Ichi chinhu zvoupfumi chindingindingi.
• Kupa ehurumende-chaicho zvebhizimisi chete kodzero kutengesa zvimwe zvinhu. Muchiitiko chino, Yaunoti administrative chindingindingi. Mune dzimwe rinoti, chete chimiro ichi anobvumirwa nemutemo.

Manyuko chindingindingi simba

In ezvinhu hwakakwana makwikwi, mutengo akaenzana avhareji yacho shoma mari yemakambani anoshandira zvekutepfenyura ichi. In anotambura zviri kumusoro. Naizvozvo, musika ichi chivako uye sokuti zvisingadiwi kuti vatengi. Chief mutevedzeri chindingindingi ndiyo zvipingamupinyi kuti vapinde indasitiri. Izvi zvisaitika makwikwi. Pakati pavo:

• Economic ematongerwo.
• Legal kurambidzwa.
• Mazvokuda zviito.

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira vakawanda kudzvinyirira matanho. Izvi zvinosanganisira upfumi akamboona. nevhu rakawandisa saizi dzinovabvumira kuderedza mari, ari kwakajairika kambani havangagoni kukwikwidzana navo mutengo kuti zvigadzirwa. Saka, mabasa avo havagoni kubudirira nokuti mutengo kwenhumbi kugadzirwa nazvo zvikuru.

Chimwe nekurovererwa zvoupfumi - vanofanira inivhesitimendi. Kana uchida kutanga kugadzira michina zvinodhura, zvichaita zvakare kudzivisa kwaita vakwikwidzi. Chindingindingi angava muzvigadzirwa nani kana kushumira muridzi zviwanikwa zvakafanira kusunungurwa nenhumbi.

Panyaya zvemitemo constraints, boka iri zvinosanganisira njere kodzero, kusanganisira patents. Vopa chindingindingi chete kodzero chigadzirwa kana ayo kusunungurwa zvigadzirwa.

Boka rechitatu rinosanganisira mitemo siyana zviito nemaune rakatorwa chindingindingi nechinangwa kutadzisa kukura makwikwi indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, zvinogona vanoedza kuti zvavanoda muhurumende achibatsirwa siyana miitiro yakaora.

rwokuzvarwa chindingindingi

chimiro ichi chinorondedzerwa musika mamiriro kazhinji kurapwa yoga. Izvi imhaka nharo pamusoro richibatsira yayo kwete chete nokuda chindingindingi, asiwo vatengi. It kunoitika kana kunounza ukoshi upfumi akamboona. Natural chindingindingi ari mamiriro ezvinhu apo kambani chete anopa mumusika pamwe zvinhu pane mari yakaderera pane zvingadai vakaita emakambani shoma. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - mvura nemagetsi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvakasikwa nevhu rakawandisa vari zvachose isingakuvadzi. Saka, vanofanira kudzora mamiriro.

In bhizimisi dzakawanda

The yose upfumi iri kuramba kutungamirirwa kudyidzana uye internationalization. pezvakaitwa maviri Ava basa zvinoitika monopolization mumusika mabasa uye mabasa panguva dzakawanda chechetere. Kune mhando mbiri zvivako:

• Transnational nevhu rakawandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira zvokudya hanya "Nestle" uye mafuta "Standard Oil New Jersey." Vose Makambani aya guru renyika kuti kwave paakapiwa mavari, uye munyika dzakawanda zvoupenyu kwayakaita. Vazhinji vavo kugadzirwa vanokwanisa haasi kuwanika pamba nyika.
• International nevhu rakawandisa. To ichi mhando kunogona kunzi kuvimba "Agfa-Gefert", icho mubasa zvaAtemisi photochemical zvigadzirwa. Izvi mhando chindingindingi chiri zvose zvoupenyu kwayakaita, uye pamusoro nokururama paakapiwa.

zvemumba chaizvoizvo

The monopolization kuti musika wokuRussia ane nhoroondo midzi. Mune USSR, hurumende iri rinenge dzinodzorwa upfumi zvachose. With kuderera kurimwa muRussia kwave zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera kudiwa zvibereko maindasitiri - dzinongoitika nevhu rakawandisa, kunze kwokubatana. Izvi zvakaita kuti nokukurumidza kuwedzera mitengo mavari. Yandakapiwa indasitiri Data vari hunde-ipapo kwakaita mitengo. Vamwe nezvoupfumi kuona kunaka migumisiro monopolization zviri mumusika sezvo mukuru chinokonzera dambudziko kuRussia.