MLRS BM-30 "Twister": unhu, mapikicha

Kubvira Second World War, kukosha reactive dhaka hurongwa chete inowedzera. Zvisinei, nhasi vakatsiviwa reactive volley-moto gadziriro (MLRS), asi zvinorehwa ichi mhando chombo kuzochinja, "kurima" muvengi inogarwa nzvimbo, vachisiya pasina mukana ndichiva kushandiswa kwete inifanduri, kana kunyange michina mikuru. Uye BM-30 "Twister" mabasa aya anogona kugadzirisa zvakanaka.

chikuru mashoko

Rakagadzirirwa-refu lesion boka muvengi kunangwa. Dzakakodzera anoshandisa nyika ino anodzivirira uye anodzivirira mhenyu simba romuvengi, warrior uye munyoro-ganda motokari (kusanganisira wakakura zvikuru siyana Matangi), airfields, mauto nevanhuwo zvavo, silos chombo hurongwa. Rinogona kushandiswa zvakanangwa kuparadza maindasitiri kwezvivako, kuparadza murayiro nzvimbo uye nezvimwe zvakakosha kutaurirana nzvimbo.

patani

Munguva kubva 1969 kusvika 1976 muna Tula anga ndichibvunza basa iri kutsvaka nzira itsva kuti kuva vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere mugadziriro, iyo yaizova panyaya pamwero mukuru hondo yaigona kushandiswa senzvimbo inokosha simba chengetedza zvombo. A chirevo icho akarayira kutanga kwezvisikwa BM-30 "Smerch", akabuda mu December 1976.

The chikuru basa kukura kuisa pakutanga pamusoro A. N. Ganicheve, uye akabva atamira G. A. Denezhkinu. Nechekare kumavambo 1982, mumwe MRL itsva yakabudirira akapfuura pamatanho ose ehurumende nemiedzo. Zvisinei, zvakanga akaiswa basa chete muna 1987, pashure kuchaitwa Chikwata vagadziri vamwe zvikanganiso inokosha. Asi havana chokuita nevamwe mashoko okuti uye zvikanganiso magadzirirwe pakubhadhara matsva zvombo, uye kudiwa rokusika mhando itsva zvombo, sezvo aivapo Swatches Aisagona kuenzaniswa "dutu" chichiwedzera muhondo simba.

The reactive maitiro nezera itsva

Kumbobatisa hazvisi zvokuti rakakura kuti BM-30 "Twister" rinogona kunzi chizvarwa chitsva ichi mhando zvombo. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa pakusikwa pakubhadhara zvachose itsva zvombo. Pano tinofanira kuita zvishoma digression. Kana vokuAmerica akasika MLRS MLRS, vakasvika unequivocal mhedziso kuti kuwanda 30-40? Km izvi hurongwa ndiyo kufadza kupfuura izvo monstrous kukosha kwakaita yokupararira anoita zvavo kushandisa maturo.

Asi Developers "Dutu" yakadaro handicho vangasimudzira kupokana. Vakakwanisa kusika rakasiyana zvechokwadi anoshongwa: havana chete kubhururuka kusvika pokupedzisira kure, asi panguva imwe chete kusiyana saka diki nounzenza prices kuti vari nani kupfuura yakafanana yokumwe gadziriro vane mbiri kana katatu. Pakupedzisira, chikuru kubudirira kwakaita Tula ndechokuti anoshongwa vedu vokutanga vakatanga vasaratidza Cannon atirari kuchinja mushure kanda.

Features anoshongwa

Chokwadi kuti anokosha inertial kutungamirirwa hurongwa kwave wakazopinzwa nepurani yavo. Inopa yepamusoro Kudzikamiswa panguva kutanga chikamu trajectory, uyewo nekugadzirisa zviri chitundumuseremusere inofamba. Naro zviratidzi dzaona pachishandiswa makumi zvinhu, kusanganisira "outboard" tembiricha, mhepo kukurumidza uye mirayiridzo kufamba, mwando, uye zvichingodaro. D.

MLRS zvitundumuseremusere kana

Hapana chakavanzika kuti panguva innings N. S. Hruscheva, uyo akatambura "raketomaniey" akaenda pasi banga vaizotibata mimwe howitzers uye dzimwe mhando kanoni atirari, izvo kwemakore akawanda ave seiyi kukura bhizimisi ichi munyika yedu zhinji. Kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, "kusunda" pakusikwa yayo BM-30 "Smerch", ivo Developers pakati Tula aiturika mariri unhu hwakadaro raizoita kuti mukuru utariri wegadziriro rakasiyana vabvume. Chete iyi zvakafamba vaizova mukana kugamuchirwa kupinda basa.

Asi nei zvatinoziva bata nyaya iyi Khrushchev unhu, kana akasiya simba muna 1964? Chokwadi chokuti basa iri kwezvisikwa vangasimudzira chitsva mugadziriro volley moto kwakaitika kubva mukupera '50s, asi aitofanira kuzviita, potse pasina kuisa kutungamirira mukurumbira. Zvisinei, muna 1964, Khrushchev akasiya, uye L. I. Brezhnev pakusikwa chitsva michina haana kupindira. Asi zviitiko ndakaisa sei iyo yave chaizvo akanaka.

MRL BM-30 "Twister" ane siyana uye "knockdown", riri pane imwe nzvimbo iri pakati pakati chaiwo reactive salvo gadziriro uye chombo enyika. Chaizvoizvo, kokutanga musi muhondo pabasa "Smerch" kuyananisa ari chombo chikwata inobvumirana anovaremekedza kuvaraidzwa mukuru muchiuto vakuru USSR.

Current chinzvimbo

The ichangoburwa upgraded shanduro MLRS BM-30 "Twister" yakabudiswa muna 1989. Nhasi chidobi iyi mubasa, kwete chete munyika yedu. specimens ava kubva Ukraine, Belarus, Kuwait uye Brazil. Setsika, kufarira motokari kakawanda vakaratidza vamiririri India uye China, asi hapana pamutemo mashoko pamusoro kutengeswa michina kana ruzivo ayo pakagadzwa kwete. Zvisinei, hazvirevi haabatanidzi chokwadi chokuti ano ivhu MRL China, chaizvo nowenyika "Smerch", anenge zvechokwadi yakavakwa muna nomufananidzo avo michina kuti Chinese iri rechi90 kuzviita vakatengwa vachibva chete Ukrainians.

The hurongwa

Vanhu vakawanda zvimwe vanofunga kuti chikamu vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers BM-30 "Smerch" zvakachengeterwa chete motokari pamwe midziyo nokuda nezvekutanga projectiles, izvo dzichitaridzika mumaonero akanaka uye mapikicha. Asi hazvisi izvo:

• The pfuma pachayo achirwa muchina 9K58.
• Machine kutakura uye kugoverwa 9T234-2 anoshongwa.
• Dzinenge zvombo, izvo zvinogona anosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana basa.
• Zvinooneka uye zvokushandisa kunodzidziswa.
• 9F819 Mbuva, izvo zvinosanganisira zvose kushandiswa zvishandiso yokugadzirisa, uye nzira kuchinja mukuru-zvakarurama michina.
• zvoga moto kuzvidzora gadziriro "Kandai-1."
• Machine yokuita topographic nomunzvimbo dzine, migumisiro dzinoshandiswa kusunga zvakazorodza zvikamu uye kunonyanya ruyamuro zvakaisvonaka.
• Radiopelengatsionnaya kugadzwa 1B44. Kunoitawo nguva kuti vanyatsoona yomuvengi Pachine, kugadzirira achiitiswa redhiyo, kusanganisira encrypted.

Muchaungudza launcher rine chassis ine tubular chimiro uye anotungamirira motokari Nzvimbo chakarova-543. Atirari gadziriro akatasva pakupedzisira uye pamberi kabhini iri mutyairi wengarava nezvigaro, akashongedzerwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rinoreva kuti aiming uye vachiridzira. MRL inogona zvinobudirira kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana okunze uye okunze, panguva ambient tembiricha kubva +50 kusvika -50 Celsius.

Kurwisana zvechadenga hurongwa

Ndiye BM-30 "dutu" vachiridzira siyana kana kurishandisa? Zvose zviri hama, uye zvinoshamisa zviri ino - kunyanya. Saka, kana ngano "Grad" anogona kufukidza imwe nzvimbo 4 hectares vane chinhambwe 20 km, "Hurricane" iri akauraya chinhambwe 35? Km kunharaunda 29 hectares, American MLRS anopisa kusvika 33 hectares pa 33 km Distance ... Kuti BM-30 " Smerch ", chokupika unhu izvo ndedzokufungidzira, anogona kufukidza hectares 67 chete, pamwe kanda siyana anosvika 70 makiromita!

Zvinonzi matsva upgrades anogona kuwedzera kure ichi chaipo zana makiromita. Mukuwedzera, mukusiyana kune chekare "Grad" zvombo ino hazvigoni chete chokukuvadza muvengi warrior motokari, hunoshamisa uye vanokonzera namavanga ake rakarira. Vanongonakidzwa kuvhuna kunyange inorema matangi ari pedyo kuonana nokuda kukuru simba rokuparadza. Saka vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers BM-30 "Twister" - dzinotyisa zvombo zvikuru simba rokuparadza.

Unhu inoshandiswa anoshongwa

Pakutanga kuona rinopamura kusvika chinoumba caliber yavo - mm 300 chete! Marongerwo - mureza aerodynamic, rakasimba mafuta boosters, izvozvo Anomhanyira musanganiswa anoverengeka zvinoriumba. Sezvatakamboreva, avo runoratidza ndiyo kuvapo nendege kudzora hurongwa kuti kuchinja kukwirira kwenzwi uye "Kozlenev" pamusoro kosi. utsanzi ichi anovandudza rakarurama kupfura kanenge kaviri kumagumisiro madaro, uye kwakakura yokupararira kunyange zvikuru kukanganiswa ezvinhu asingaiti kusapfuudza kukosha 0.21% of vachiridzira kwaasingasvikiri.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kunyange apo vachiridzira kure 70 km kubva anoshongwa kuwa ane kutsaudzira vasina mamita anopfuura 150 kubva achida. Izvi manhamba zvakafanana BM 30 9K58 "Smerch" ano barreled atirari enyika!

Nokururamiswa ndege kosi

Kururamiswa ari kuitwa gasi-simba zvidzoreso actuated mukuru kumanikidzwa gasi kubva onboard gasi jenareta. Mukuwedzera, Kudzikamiswa of projectile akatizira imhaka Kutenderera kwayo pamusoro longitudinal akabatana yakapiwa dikidiki kusimudzira panguva kwebasa tubular mutungamiriri uye akatsigira akatizira kuburikidza nekuisa donhwe stabilizer mashizha ari necheparutivi kune longitudinal akabatana ari projectile.

Zvinoumba mureza zvombo

Zvinotevera mhando anoshongwa anogona vanobatanidzwa Kuronga zvombo:

• 9M55F, kupfuura nomuzikamwi mhando. Warhead - patsanurika pakapuranga rurefu-putika mhando chiito.
• 9M55K. Anozivikanwa kukaseti warhead, rine fission zvigadzirwa 72 kurova nhengo.
• 9M55K1. Uyewo ine kukaseti warhead, asi muchiitiko chino rine anoshongwa shanu duku nokuzvidzora kukanganiswa.
• 9M55K4. Kukaseti warhead rine zvina Anti-tangi zvimbambaira, akaronga kuti kure mugodhi dzoga.
• 9M55K5. mumwe kukaseti ane shaped-mutariri warhead kusabatana submunitions;
• 9M55S ane thermobaric warhead;
• 9M528 pamwe HE-kusabatana warhead.

vachiridzira

Unogona kupfura kwepfuti kuroorwa kana watsemuka. anoshongwa All inogona rakapa kuti 38 seconds. Kana nezvekutanga zvinogona kudzorwa kubva nzvimbo yemutekenyi kana kure. About simba yokuvira akati vanenge chokwadi kuti zvitatu inokwana zviyero dzakadaro hondo kushanda hakusi muduku zvombo zviviri "Tochka-U". Imwe salvo izere zvombo pamwe sumbu warheads vaigona kufukidza nguva kusvika 400 000 sq. M. Muchidimbu, BM-30 "Smerch", iro rine mufananidzo munyaya - chaizvoizvo zvombo simba, mukana iyo afuridzire ruremekedzo vepachokwadi.

The zvachose kurema neimwe projectile, zvisinei zvayo mhando, ndizvo 800 makirogiramu, uye warhead ane 280 makirogiramu. Standard angled yokutaura kuti kubaya - kubva 30 kusvika 60 madhigirii, asi dzimwe mhando projectiles zvinogona kuisa kuti svetuka angled rworwendo 90. "Meteorites" kwakadaro Leaky rinorema zvombo kuburikidza.

Kunyange kana kupinda haisi kuwedzera 280 makirogiramu ose zvinoputika ari kunharaunda tangi - vamwe rufu kubva kwazvo contusion rake vashandi vemo, uye motokari achagamuchira kukuvadza dzakadaro pasina kugadziriswa kunyange nzvimbo kufamba. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, PM-30 "Twister" kana MRL "dutu" (ano yakatofanana) anogona kushandiswa senzira zvokurega tangi mbiru kufamba. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakaitika mune Georgia muna 2008, apo "Grad" rakafukidza boka vokuGeorgia Matangi akaidza kupasanura kuna nzvimbo mauto edu.

Nokuti mashoko pamusoro upgrading

Sezvatakamboreva, kuti mazuvaano wegadziriro yakaitwa muna 1989. Nokufamba kwayo kwayo akatsiviwa zvinenge zvose yemagetsi uye redhiyo wekushandisa "achizadza" rose kunzwisisa:

• Akawedzera mukana mukuru-nokukurumidza tactical date exchange padzimbahwe uye nemamwe mapoka "Smerch", mashoko ari encrypted uye zvachose kudzivirirwa kubva kunze chipingaidzo.
• Zvionera ezvinhu akasungirirwa topographical zvechadenga nzvimbo uye kuratidza mashoko pamusoro yemagetsi nezvingoro mu-zvechokwadi nguva.
• Automatic kukarukureta of ndege basa rayo chiyamuro.
• Mano zvakazara kugadzira kugadzwa nokuda kupfura, kusanganisira nekutumirwa kwemauto uye aiming, vasina anongoerekana kubva kabhini vashandi.

akaita nokuda achangopfuura zvakagadzirwa BM-30 "Smerch", hunhu izvo takakurukura, kuva zvionera uye akaoma hurongwa. Kubva ikozvino Gunners aigona kupa salvo uye pakarepo dzinodzora avo nzvimbo yepakutanga, iyo yekudyidzana akazoita ndingangokuvara kuonekwa uye kubviswa muvengi zvivako.