MANPADS "Igla": unhu, mapikicha, mafomu

Nechekare muHondo Yenyika II avhiyesheni kutonga pamusoro yemitambo hondo yaikosha. Modern akavhiyiwa makuru muchiuto vari pamwe nokushandisa nemazana ndege, kusanganisira unmanned. Kuti tidzivise ngozi mhepo akashandisa mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro uye chombo kuzvidavirira, izvo zvakasiyana maererano nheyo chiito, zvokurwisa nharaunda uye mwero mufambo. Mumakore 70, hombe kwakapararira wearable inotakurika mhepo Kuzvidavirira gadziriro zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa kurwisa tactical avhiyesheni yesangano, pari inomiririrwa kurwisa helicopters, ndege, kurwisa ndege uye UAVs.

On the Russian Army rine MANPADS "Igla". Ichi chombo chine mukuru kunyatsoshanda, akatsinhira nezvakaitika muhondo kushandiswa (saka kure mauto vatorwa chete), zviri nyore kushandisa, yakavimbika, iduku kana ichienzaniswa uye uremu.

MANPADS muna USSR

Development of wechipfuwo Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa enyika vachikwanisa nokuparura imwe projectile yakarurama papfudzi rakatanga muna USSR pachine. In yechipiri yezana 60s mauto eSoviet ane mhando mbiri inotakurika mhepo kudzivirira chombo system ( "Arrow" uye "Arrow-2"). Ichi chombo aiva dzakawanda zvazvakanakira, pakati zvakanga:

- nokukundwa nechitarisiko mhepo kudzivirira enyika munzvimbo ndege muvengi pamberi kutyisidzira hauna akanzwa;

- kukwanisa kurova huru panguva kure zvikuru (pamusoro 4 km) uye kukwirira chaienzanirana kuti panguva iyo kazhinji vari "kushanda" pavhu huru Kurwisa ndege ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" kana "Skayrayder") - kubva 1500 kusvika 3000 mamita;

- nokukurumidza rutapudzo ari kutumirwa nzvimbo;

- nyore kushanda uye kurovedza yevashandi, kusanganisira vokune dzimwe nyika;

- the hama compactness;

- nyore pachinhu kuchengetera neyokufambisa ezvinhu.

Pasinei mukuru muhondo unhu zvimwe zvinoitika nguva, nokuti izvo nyanzvi nemauto vakatsoropodza MANPADS "Strela". "Tsono" yakagadzirirwa kunyatsoreva kuti matambudziko.

Vachazvirova chete pashure, uye vakananga

The chikuru drawback kuti "Arrows" akanga kugona kwavo kuti varove huru pashure ivo mberi pamusoro kuvanda shure chinhu. Kazhinji munhu ndege muvengi aigona vaizopfurwa pasi chete pashure yechiitwa pamusoro kubhomba kana chombo volley. Chokwadi, "kutsiva" pakudzivirira mauto vaiva kana Gunners Anti-ndege pachavo vakapona. "Arrow" vaigona kurova kutsvaka, uye hondo akabvunza zvombo kuti aigona yakarova kurwisa ndege munzira kudhumhana, kutotarisira zvinogona kukuvadza.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushandisa zvinhu zvaanga, zvaibvira kubudirira pasinei ichi zvakagadzirwa chinanga - "hove" muvengi uye kukonzera unonyengera kurwadzisa overflying ndege, akaramba kuzviona. Saka muna 1969, mauto muIjipiti massively akashandisa magiramufomu kunzwisisa "Strela-2" Israeli "Phantom", achimhanya ari zvikuru yakaderera altitudes, richiuraya matanhatu pazuva. Asi muvengi anokwanisa kudzidza, saka nokukurumidza kubudirira MANPADS eSoviet wapera, kunyange zvazvo zvinobatsira avo vachiri akaramba pachena. Vane mupfungwa zvazvinoita, kumanikidza vezvikepe muvengi tichingotarisira kumhanyira kubva kuvaduku kusvikira makuru miti, haana kunzwa vakachengeteka. Asi zvakanga zvakakodzera kutsvaka hwokugadzira nezvaanogona kuzosangana urove, pane pashure.

basa Government SP risingakundiki

Another zvakaipira namadhimoni "Arrows" uye iyo akatsvaka kudzivisa creators ose MANPADS "Igla", aiva kushaya putika musoro simba kurwa. Havasi vose kurova kubaya kuti hunovimbisa kuparadzwa kwayo uye kunyange kukonzera chinokosha kukuvara. Simba stormtroopers vanomutswa, kuti kamwene umo vakamhanyira zvombo pamwe chafariz musoro nhungamiro, zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinogona kukunda mukuru chafariz uye baric zvinokonzerwa, uye ndege kazhinji vaiva nomukana kudzokera kwavaiwanzogara, uye ipapo vagadziridze zvakare akanda ngozi. Kwakakanganiswa nokuitika "blurring" ari ndege rukova kwehwamanda chinozunguzirwa uye kukuvadza okunze. With ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuita chinhu.

Muna 1971, hurumende yeSoviet yakasarudza kuumba kuzvivako zvitsva, kukwanisa kurwa zvikuru ano uye mazhinji panguva iyoyo achishandisa mhepo kurwiswa tactical sandara, izvo zvinogona zvinogona muvengi. Kolomenskoye ouinjiniya magadzirirwo Bureau aiva kambani mubereki, ukama basa rinoitwa nevamwe masangano (CDB midziyo, Research Institute of kuyera nhumbi uye Leningrad kushamwaridzana LOMO). The chikuru Mutungamiri richangobva dzakabudirira zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa vakava Academician SP asingakundiki. The chombo chitsva chainzi MANPADS "Igla". The maitiro (kubaya nokukurumidza, uye mukana yokuparadza kukwirira) vanofanira, maererano hurumende chikumbiro, yekudyidzana outperformed "Arrows-3 '(okupedzisira nadzurudzo).

Manomano pamusoro nemanomano

Mukuru mukoto kukanganiswa zvombo Anti-ndege haina rakagara richidudzirwa zvakurukurwa mukono aitodada akasiya injini yacho ndege. Nzira iyi kuziva vatungamirire projectile yaiva nekaupenyu nyore, asi yakanga zvakakomba zvaunokanganisa. Pakarepo shure kwerekutanga zviitiko kwokushandisa ndege pamusoro akazviratidza mano vaida kutsausa chafariz radar hurongwa vanomiririra nhungirwa Pyrocartridges kuti pave venhema chipfuro. saka zvakanga vakasarudza kushongedzera MANPADS "Igla" hunyambiri-mugero michini kutungamirirwa musoro, vakapakata photodetectors. Development kwegadziriro kuti anogona kusiyanisa pakati ndege chaiyo nokuda chafariz nokupisa zvisaririra "misungo", yakanonoka mamwe makore manomwe, asi kwakanga kwakundikana. Zvakava zvazviri zvakaoma, chete zvakakwana kutaura kuti huru photodetector pashure shanduro projectile kupinda vachiridzira nzvimbo iri dzaserera kuti yakaderera chaizvo tembiricha pedyo kumhedziso razero (-200 ° C). Somugumisiro izvi nokuedza, ari otomatiki hurongwa, vakapakata pfungwa, rinofananidza kuverengwa pakati sensors maviri. Uye kana okuwedzera gwara chiratidzo pamwero dererei pane pasi, chinangwa richinzi kunovhiringidza, uye kutsvaka rinoitwa sokuvapo chitundumuseremusere haangaoni chinhu chechokwadi.

Pane imwe inokosha hwokugadzira mubvunzo iyo mhinduro yave yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kurwa kubudirira MANPADS "Igla". Advanced Kurwisa ndege survivability zvatariswa kuvimba nenzvimbo kwaaita projectile, uye kamwene - haasi akakwana, saka achinongedzera algorithm chinopa mamwe nzira, ichipa kuchinja kutungamirirwa Vector pamusoro chitundumuseremusere (rakakwana kutenderera) panguva chokupedzisira. trajectory kuti bara yakarova fuselage. Kuti aite rinoshamisa ichi ari goko kuvaka zvinowedzera thrusters.

nhungamiro maitiro uye fuses

KB Engineers munzira dzose vakaedza yokuderedza uremu magiramufomu kunzwisisa "Igla". MANPADS chombo nezverairo tsindirana, rakagadzirirwa kuti ishandiswe musoja chete. Misa nenyunje fuma huri muhondo chitundumuseremusere Unit, kwakafanana ne "Booms" (1170 g), asi simba rayo (putika) simba iri yepamusoro zvikuru. Uyezve, zviri zvikuru musoro mushonga kushandisa unspent mafuta sezvi- ngozi simba, ndiro zano rinokosha anonzi putika jenareta. Nekupedza detonator ichi kunouya kubudikidza kurerutsa huru mutariri uye zvinotora hwakanyatsorwisa kunonoka kwadzinoita rinopfuta mafuta ari nguva imwe namakemikari maitiro oxidation chete kusunungurwa hombe yakawanda simba. Akakonzera kubatana kwe mbiri: nokudyidzana (kusashanda ne zvakananga kuonana) uye induction (chokunyengera remagineti chipfuro kure). BLT mhando - kumusoro-putika.

General midziyo uye midziyo

MPADS "tsono" sedzimwe inotakurika zvivako tactical pamwero VOP ari launcher chubhu ine chombo koko, ergonomic mubato. To vaenda chombo vasingagoni kukuvadza pasi shooter, pokutangira muitiro rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Pakutanga, pakarepo mushure activation ari zvombo, chombo ejection kunoitika kubva Upfu achishandisa chaiwo pasi-simba mutariri. Mushure mamita shoma kubva ndege Laser danda launcher nezvekutanga anoita zvinhu (propulsion) of yakasimba propellant. Panguva iyoyowo zvechizarira yabviswa Danho rokutanga, zvomutadzisa netsaona kuputika musoro. Pakupedzisira anouya chombo chinoita zvokukandwa mukurwa ezvinhu kunyange pashure masekonzi mashoma, aériennes mamita 250.

Kunze kanda chubhu ine chitundumuseremusere 9P322 uye kuva vasina kushandisa chigadzirwa, zvi- MPADS "tsono" akashongedzerwa aine chikungiso (9P519-1) kubva aindibvunzurudza 1L14 (zvinodhura uye kunzwisisa, inogona kushandiswa nguva zhinji) uye yemagetsi piritsi 1L15-1 (nokuti kuwedzera kuchinja operative mashoko pamusoro motokari ezvinhu).

Nokuti boka Chikumbiro kuchaitawo zvinoda munhu Mobile panzvimbo. Kutarisa serviceability uye kudzora mamiriro yakatanga rinokosha iine KPS.

Kuti "Igla-1" nhaka kubva "Strela"

In yechipiri hafu manonwe uye nokuda vatambi uye nokuda mutengi zvakava pachena kuti munguva yakafanira Kolomenskoye muchina-kuvaka Bureau hakukodzeri. Kunonoka anoparira kunonoka kukura zvigadzirwa 9E140 (homing). Zvakazoonekwa kuti chaizvo kunzwisisa, ayo zvisikwa zviri pamwe nematambudziko akawanda. The chombo yakanga vatogadzirira. Kuti paitwe aibuda mharidzo pedyo Soviet Army uye kufambisa mberi kuitwa idzva zvigadzirwa, kwakasarudzwa pakati. MANPADS "Igla-1", vakagamuchirwa neHurumende Commission muna 1978, akanga akashongedzerwa rimwe chete-mugero GSN ne "Arrows". Kana kunzwisisa chitsva ichi zvakasiyana wakawedzera simba mutariri uye nani michina maitiro (yakawedzera kusvika 5.2? Km nharaunda pamusoro chikumbiro, zvinokwanisika lesion counterpropagating zvinangwa). rokuedza 1982, vakanga pakupedzisira akapedza kubva hunyambiri-gwara homing, izvozvo akawedzera mutsva inotakurika mhepo kudzivirira nyika mberi, akadana MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Tsono" okunatsiridza "A", "H" uye "C"

Complex inonzi vakasiyana zvakaoma kanda chubhu kureba 1 mamita 70 masendimita - avhareji yevanhu yakakwirira. Zvikurukuru zvakakomba inopikisa kubva paratroopers vakatanga vachimubvunza zvakawanda tsindirana. Special ipfupi "yeGondo" akasikwa kwavari. MANPADS ari akapeta nzvimbo rakapfupika kubudikidza 60 cm.

Nadzurudzo of "H" kunoratidzwa yakakwirira vachikwanisa brisant musoro. Chete Pakanzi zvakare maitiro wechitatu shanduro zvakaoma, vakagamuchira indekisi "C". Asi kuwedzera kunowedzera mukuru-putika kusabatana warhead, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa ane hunyambiri fiyuzi (kusanganisira contactless) uye humwe unhu inokosha, nokuti iyo inonzi saka mudziyo. "C" - zvichireva "shangu", iri nezvifambiso nzvimbo - hafu.

zvinoitwa

TTX MANPADS "Igla" zvinoorora uye zvinoenderana zvinodiwa nokukurumidza XXI remakore. kumhanya ari chitundumuseremusere munzira kuenda chinangwa - pamusoro 2,100 km / h. At chinhambwe 5200 M ndege kana neherikoputa achibhururuka ari kumhanya anosvika 1150 km / h akasvibira padaro rinenge anosvika 2500 M inogona kurohwa pashure ndingangokuvara 63%.

Kana vachiridzira munzira kudhumhana chipfuro nokukurumidza kunogona kuva yepamusoro kusvika 1300 km / h. Kuchinjwa motokari mukurwa ezvinhu inotakurika kunzwisisa inogona kuva shoma sezvo mumasekonzi 13.

Nhamba zvose izvi yakaoma anoreva zvikuru mikana, iro rine musoja chete, vakabata 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Anogona kubata pasi-kupeperetswa, akadai kurwisa helicopters uye rwendo zvombo, izvo nokuda flatness ari trajectory vane ngozi chaizvo nokuti pasi mauto.

Uyezve, kuzvidzora hurongwa anokwanisa kusiyanisa utsinye kuvonga ndege kune Integrated kuzivikanwa gadziriro "shamwari kana muvengi".

Special mashoko akakodzera uye nyore kushandisa MANPADS "Igla". Combat kurayira Chinyorwa harina vakawanda pfungwa dzinogona kuitwa kubvira chero nzvimbo, kusanganisira pasi pepuranga rimwe kutamira motokari. Pakangotanga opareta yakazviwanira kubaya, iye kutanga kutumira nyere chinhu, inotunga "Start" bhatani. Next, zvose zvinoitika panyaya mumasekonzi, zvazvinosarira chete kuongorora chitundumuseremusere kutiza, kana zviri Chokwadi, pane nguva.

Chiitiko chikumbiro

In mauto anopfuura mana gumi nevaviri nyika ndiyo inotakurika Anti-ndege hurongwa MANPADS "Igla". Chikumbiro yaro Iraqi mauto muna 1991 akaita nokurasikirwa anoverengeka ndege Air Force mubatanidzwa kuti akaratidza yakakwirira efficacy iyi mhando zvombo Russian, kunyange kutopedza kudzvinyirira mhepo kudzivirira uye mhepo youkuru vavashungurudza. Mumakore makumi maviri adarika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika vazhinji nokurwisana nezvombo uye hondo. Vazhinji vavo vane mumwe kana mhiri akashandisa MANPADS "Igla". Photo vapanduki uye varwi vehurumende ne kwese "sepombi", uyewo zvakakanganisika uye kuparadzwa ndege zvinoratidza chinouraya simba mhepo zviduku ichi kuzvidavirira.

In post-Soviet nhoroondo kukurumbira pakati "tsono" anogona zvichida nharo kuti mukurumbira "Kalashnikov". Achiziva wokupedzisira makuru nechibvumirano nerubatsiro hombe batch mangé zvivako izvi kuna Malaysian Armed Forces. Kuvandudzika wegadziriro design, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera anosvika matanhatu makiromita nharaunda rwisana kushandiswa "tsono" nadzurudzo "Super". MANPADS izvi, uyewo itsva, sezvo asi muchivande ivhu zvizere kuchaita rearmed mauto wokuRussia mune ramangwana.