Umambo uye zvokuvhoterwa. umambo chimiro, somunhu zvokuvhoterwa chehurumende

Umambo uye zvokuvhoterwa muri siyana hurumende mamiriro. Maitiro api chavanoita nhaka? Chii nyika zvakafukidzirwa? Ngatizive nezvazvo.

Chii chehurumende?

The chehurumende ndechimwe chezvinhu yekare unhu hurumende. Her kudzidza zvakawanda vavhiringidzika chekare. Iye akashandisa akatara chete musimboti hwaakange zvaitambidzwa simba munyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, dzidziso iyi kuwedzerwa.

Zvino chimiro hurumende zvakazara anosarudza kwesangano maumbirwo yedare mitumbi iri mamiriro, zvikurukuru avo sezvamunoita, kugona, hurongwa inotungamirwa, rokuti hofisi mabasa, etc .. nezvimwewo .. Rinotaurawo anosarudza musimboti nokutongwa pamusoro kudyidzana kwavo kuruzhinji uye mumwe.

Umambo uye zvokuvhoterwa - huru mbiri siyana hurumende. Mumwe rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Kunze kwavari, panewo vakavhengana siyana mungarava, ine zvinhu zvose siyana. Zvichienderana iyo chimiro rikunde, voga monarchical zvokuvhoterwa kana Republican umambo.

A vakaparadzana mhando runoonekwa kuva musangano, kana kwechiIslam, Republic. Nderake ushe revafundisi Islamic. The musoro wehurumende anosarudza chaiyo muviri - neDare Nyanzvi, raiumbwa zvikuru nyanzvi munyika.

umambo

In rekare rechiGiriki "umambo" rinoreva "batana". In chimiro ichi simba guru Puranga zvachose kana zvishomanana mumaoko mumwe munhu. Nzvimbo namambo anogona kusarudzwa kana nhaka.

Kare zvainzi vaidavira kuti musoro wehurumende ndiye akasarudzwa naMwari. Aiva akatsiva tsika, muenzaniso tsika uye rukudzo. Key unowanzoshandiswa simba kuti upenyu uye zvakaitika zvayaigona chete voukama. Chokwadi, paiva zvokuwedzera umambo, akadai Rzeczpospolita, kana kuRoma.

Kune mamwe marudzi umambo chaicho uye yepamutemo. In simba mutongi wokutanga ndiko parinogumira, zvisarudzo zvose uye vakuru dzinodzorwa naye chete. In wechipiri masimba namambo dzinotungamirirwa bumbiro kana tsika. Inogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• dzeparamende - apo sarudzo zvose pamusoro kurapa mamiriro anodzora paramende uye namambo ndiyo chete chiso nyika;
• dualistic - namambo ane mamwe masimba, asi simba rayo riri shoma neParamende uye Constitution.

utongi hwegutsaruzhinji

Republican ushe anopa nesananguro musoro wehurumende. Power hazvigoni nhaka, uye vagari hazvo nhaka pachavo uye enyika kodzero. Zviremera All vari kusarudzwa. Vari inoumbwa vhoti kana enyika (Parliament, Council, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

The chikuru chepfungwa zvokuvhoterwa ndiyo nesananguro nezviremera mukuru, chaiyo rokuti hurumende, pamutemo basa mubato. Republic kufanana chimiro anogona kuva Parliament, wenyika uye zvakasiyana.

The vemutungamiri zvokuvhoterwa Musoro Government uye mamiriro ndiyo purezidhendi. Iye anogona kuumba nokusunungura hurumende, pasina kutora chikamu yeparamende. In imwe zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende iri zvisarudzo purezidhendi anoenda kurutivi rwenzira. Ndiye musoro wehurumende uye anoita mumiririri mashandiro, apo paramende anotonga basa nehurumende.

Mugore Semi-vemutungamiri hurongwa masimba ose zvivako zvakanyatsobatana zvakasimba. President anogona kuumba hurumende, asi chete pamwe kutora chikamu yeparamende. Saka, mabasa nevarikutonga simba inotongwa mutungamiri uye paramende.

The umambo muRussia

Modern Russia ndiyo purezidhendi zvokuvhoterwa. Dzimwe nguva Inonzi vakavhengana reparamende-vemutungamiri zvokuvhoterwa pamwe zvakawanda masimba a President. All Kodzero uye mitemo munyika vari nokudzorwa bumbiro, iro rakagamuchirwa muna 1993.

Zvisinei, Republic haana kuita nguva dzose. Yakatotsvaka refu aripo namambo. Munyika nhoroondo yakatanga kune vekare Russian mamiriro, akavamba shure mugore 862. Akamutevera, nyika Russian vakabatana Grand Duchy of Moscow, wokuRussia mamiriro, umambo hwacho.

Muzana XVII remakore, Peter yandakagadza absolutist umambo. Akatungamirira hurumende nemasangano omurume uye masangano, kusanganisira kereke. Pasinei neizvi, simba chaiko rakapiwa mukuru vakuru. The umambo muRussia kusvikira 1917. Mambo wokupedzisira aiva Nicholas II, uyo akanga gunned pasi pamwe chete nemhuri yake.

Umambo uye zvokuvhoterwa: musiyano, zvakanakira nekuipira

Bedzi mamiriro bhodhi kazhinji vakaona chakanakisisa uye kwakarurama. A mutsigiri poumambo rakanga Somuenzaniso, Zhan Zhak Russo. Aristotle aiona kupfuura chaivo chehurumende. Kunyange zvakadaro, poumambo uye zvokuvhoterwa avo zvakanakira nekuipira.

Mumwe zvakanakira umambo chinhu nokukurumidza kusarudza, kushayikwa enyika kutamburira, kufarira zvakasimba uye ibudirire nezviripo kumutungamiriri, sezvo simba rinopfuura vana vake. A izwi of Board upenyu zvinoisa basa guru pamusoro pamambo, achipa nguva yakawanda munyika kuchinja.

Pakati uye zvaasingagoni hunde kwakadaro hurongwa. Kusiyana zvokuvhoterwa, umambo, mutongi haisi mhosva zviito zvake zviri pamutemo. Batanidzai udzvinyiriri anogona kukonzera musoro wehurumende.

Munyika, tichiregeredza zvokuwedzera hofisi anogona kushandisa hweruzhinji chaiyo. Pano, kodzero dzose dzinotungamirirwa mitemo pane mitemo magwaro mumwe munhu. Zvakaipira anogona kunzi sezvo refu sarudzo uye mitemo, sezvo izvi, nheyo ruzhinji.

ano inoti

chetatu nyika chete ikozvino muri monarchies (mu tsvuku pamepu pazasi). Setsika, chinzvimbo ichi wakaiswa pamusoro Belgium, Bhutan, Britain, Denmark, Sweden, kunyange Paramende ane simba zvechokwadi. Mhedziso monarchies muri kunyika vaMuslim: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Oman, Brunei. Mavari, gavhuna harisi chete musoro wehurumende asiwo musoro wechechi.

Republic somunhu chehurumende, unoshanda anenge 140 munyika (pfumbu pamepu). Masimba wenyika kwakapararira muUnited States, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. Parliamentary chinoda vari Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel.

Mixed chehurumende unoshanda Ukraine, Croatia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia. Iran Chikoro rine features, iyo Vatican, uyewo Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Mauritania. Most zvakajeka kuitika Iran.