Mhuka dziri muna Red Book. Bison: The Red Book kweRussia

Various zvikonzero zvakaita kuti rutapudzo uye kunyange kunyangarika mamwe marudzi mhuka uye zvinomera. Kumisa iyi, vanhu akazogadzira Red Book. Zviri pasi shiri pangozi, mhuka, tumbuyu, uye zvichingodaro mhando. N. Somuenzaniso, imwe mhuka yakadai bison. The Red Book kweRussia classifies sechiratidzo "zvirimwa panjodzi".

The nhoroondo Red Book

Muna 1948, International Union kuti Conservation pamusoro Nature, rakapfupikiswa IUCN akatungamirira basa iri mamiriro kudzivirira masangano siyana uchishanda munyika dzakawanda. Nokukurumidza akasikwa Species Survival Commission. Chinangwa basa iri raiva rokusika pasi enyika mhuka akatyisidzirwa kutsakatika.

Shanda nokuti kukasaitwa guru. Zvakange zvakafanira kwete chete kuti nepatinobvumirana nenheyo kuchengetedza mhuka zvisingawanzoitiki, asiwo kuziva pangozi, kuti kupatsanura dzavo, uye zvakawanda. Kana basa raiitwa, bhuku yakasarudza kuzodana mutsvuku nokuti kuti ruvara anonongedzera ngozi.

Bhuku tsvuku yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1963 uye raisanganisira tsanangudzo 312 marudzi uye subspecies neshiri uye 211 marudzi uye subspecies kuti mhuka. Mumwe anotevedzana chinyorwa zvava ayo ndandanda shiri pangozi uye mhuka. Pazvinhu izvi pane bison. Zvisinei, IUCN Red List, anorondedzera kuti muchikwata kwevanhu pane pangozi.

The Red Book kweRussia

The Red Book of Russian Federation yakabudiswa muna 2001. Apo hwaro rakatorwa Red Book of RSFSR, zvakanga waiva mutsva, rakadzokororwa kwazvo uye kuwedzera kuoma. Raisanganisira amphibians, nezvinokambaira, shiri, mhuka - 231 taxa. Izvi 73 muzana kupfuura muzvirevo bhuku. Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera pamazita invertebrates, nehove uye hove-kufanana. Dzimwe pashure nokungwarira kubudiswa, nekusiyana, vave kunze kubva pachikwata.

Zvisinei, izvozvo mhuka sezvo bison Europe, Red Book of Russian Federation ane wayo mazita. Uyezve, European bison iri muboka se "pangozi."

Kudeuka mhuka mu Europe

Kwakanyanya uye hombe nyika mhuka mu Europe haako. Bison ari pedyo chaizvo ayo American muzukuru - bison.

By uremu bison anogona kusvika 1 tani muviri pakureba - 330 cm kureba - mamita maviri. bvudzi rake shava vari ruvara.

Kubva ake nyati ano ane yakakwirira, rebei nyanga uye muswe.

The lifespan pamusoro bison ndiwo makore 23-25. Maximize saizi yayo, iye ratosvika nemakore 5-6 ekuberekwa.

Bison vanosarudza kurarama mapoka. Asi, characteristically, mune boka hadzi chair. Uye ine kunonyanya vaduku mhuru uye vanhukadzi. vanhurume Adult vanosarudza kuva oga. In chete ashanyirwe boka kuti kuberekesana.

Nenzira, hadzi bison rinobereka varo, zvakare 9 months. Chete, kusiyana kukambaira kwevanhu, Zubrenok awa anowana pamakumbo ayo uye akagadzirira kumhanya kuti amai. Uye mushure memazuva makumi maviri anogona kudya matsva uswa yavo. Kunyange zvazvo hadzi kufudza mwana mukaka haagumiri mukati memwedzi mishanu.

Pane subspecies mbiri mhuka huru - bison Bialowieza uye Caucasus. IUCN Red List yokupedzisira inoreva yakatotsakatika marudzi.

Bison mupenyu nharaunda

KuMiddle Ages mhuka iyi vaigara munzvimbo guru - kubva Western kweSiberia kusvika Iberian Peninsula. Zvisinei, kunovhima uye poaching vakaita basa unopinza kuderera nhamba dzavo. Inopera Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga ane basa tsvina.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti wokupedzisira yakasarira zvikara bison akaurayiwa muna Bialowieza Forest muna 1921, uye kuCaucasus - muna 1926. In dzinochengetwa mhuka uye vari voga panguva iyoyo akanga aine 66 bison.

International Society nokuti Conservation pamusoro bison, kuumbwa 1923, akanga achida kuita basa kudzorera vanhu zvisingawanzoitiki mhuka dzakadai bison. The Red Book achiri haana tega. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nyika vemunharaunda yakakunda basa iri. Nhasi, bison kunyange adzingwa dzinochengetwa mhuka nechisikirwo uye kurarama muPoland, Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Spain, Ukraine, Germany uye Slovakia.

How kudzorera vanhu bison

Vashande kudzorera simba bison chakatangwa pamberi Second World War, kunyanya Bialowieza Forest wokuPoland, uye zoological mumapaki mu Europe. Zviri pachena kuti hondo vakaparadza migumisiro basa iri.

Vakaramba vakatevera nayo. bison kununurwa vakaitazve muna Bialowieza Forest, asi muSoviet Union. basa iri raiva rakabudirira, uye muna 1961 bison akatanga kugara munyika yepanyama dzinogarisana.

Nenzira kana Bialowieza bison, chengeta zvinokwana mberi kutamba, kuCaucasus richiripo vakatapwa chete chete kopi. Saka taifanira ruchikonzera mhuka remasanganiswa.

Caucasian wisent

Mune imwe nzira, rainzi Dombay uye rinoreva mugodhi uye dondo mhuka. Izvi subspecies yeEuropean bison vaigara mumasango ari Main Caucasus Range. Akanga zvishoma duku pane munin'ina wayo European, uye zvasviba ruvara. Uyezve, bvudzi rake rakamonana, uye zvakawanda curved nyanga zvakasimba.

Life anotarisirwa Caucasian Wisent yakanyanya muduku kuna mukoma wake Bialowieza. A zvishoma kupfuura makore 20, angapedza zvikuru akaomarara pakati pavo.

Zvisinei, vanhu vari kuramba vauraya mhuka. Somugumisiro pakati pezana remakore rechi19 Dombaev hakuna kupfuura 2000 vanhu, uye mushure World War First - 500 zvidimbu.

Zviripo poaching, iyo pakupedzisira akaparadza Dombaev. Zvino muna 1927 pagomo Alous. Zvino akanyangarika pachiso chenyika Caucasian bison. IUCN Red List classifies kusvikira "yakatotsakatika mhando" muchikwata.

The kumutsidzirwa bison kuCaucasus

Zvechokwadi, akanga asisiri Dombay. Zvisinei, European bison kuCaucasus akazviratidza zvakare.

Muzhizha 1940 muna Caucasian Reserve akanunura mukono nevakadzi vanoverengeka bison. Ivo akayambuka Bialowieza-Caucasian bison. Wokupedzisira achiri rachengetedzwa mune dzimwe dzinochengetwa mhuka munyika.

Basa masayendisiti vakabudirira. Zvino Caucasian bison haasi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva chizvarwa nzvimbo Dombai. Zvisinei, mune vakasununguka yezvakaita bison haina kurarama. Zvinowanika chete akadzivirira nzvimbo: kuCaucasus uye Teberda uye Tseyskoe ari kuchengeterwa muna North Ossetia.

Regional Red Data Books

Munzvimbo dzakawanda Russian Federation rakabudiswa yavo romunharaunda Red Data Books. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti kupa zvikuru kuti kudzivirirwa zvisingawanzoitiki mhando mhuka, shiri, uye miti munzvimbo. Chokwadi, havasi vose zvipenyu izvi zvinokosha pasi pose. Asi vemo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka iri kunongokosha vanhu vaigara imomo pane rimwe pangozi munyika.

Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi ari romunharaunda Red Data Books vane yose kukosha. Somuenzaniso, bison. The Red Book of Krasnodar Territory inosanganisira mhuka. Nekuti bison chipenyu nharaunda muRussia kunosvika kuna nembiya of White uye Malaya laba, chikamu riri mu Krasnodar. Zvino, pane shoma chaizvo. Asi pakati remakore rechi19 zvakanga zvakajairika bison Kuban. The Red Book zvino anonyevera pamusoro kutarisira mhuka idzi.

Mukuwedzera, purogiramu yedzidzo chikoro Russian ndehwokuti kwete chete kuti vana kuda yechizvarigo asiwo kuremekedza nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Chimwe chezvinhu mavara pakati pavo ndiye bison. Red Book nokuti vana vari pamifananidzo zvinoratidza mukubwinya yayo yose. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso yakajeka chii mhuka zvinoshamisa aigona inonyangarika pachiso chenyika pasina dziviriro.

Bison kireshi muRussia

kireshi muRussia First rakavambwa muna 1948 muna Moscow nharaunda, Serpukhov dunhu, mumiganhu raivapo ipapo Biosphere Reserve. Kubvira 1959, izvozvo unoshanda imwe kireshi iri Spassky muruwa Ryazan nharaunda. Kubvira muna 1989, ari freestyle vakawanda bison iri Vladimir mudunhu. The kuchengeterwa "Kaluga Zaseki" (muganhu Kaluga, Orel uye Tula kumatunhu) inogarwa nemapoka anoverengeka bison iri kuwanda kwevanhu 120.

Muna 1996, kuti bison vakaunzwa mu National Park "Orel musango", riri nechokuchamhembe Oryol nharaunda. Zvino uwandu hwevanhu yavo yawedzera 208 vanhu.

Zvisinei, vakawanda bison vanogara kwavo - muna Bialowieza Forest, iyo inozivikanwa kuti iri munharaunda kunyika maviri: Poland uye Belarus. The National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" Belarus uwandu bison ndiko 360 vanhu, apo kuPoland - vanenge 400. Pamwechete, zvinoumba chikamu chikuru vanhu ichi zvisingawanzoitiki kwemarudzi munyika. Nenzira, icho chiratidzo Belarus bison. IUCN Red List, yeuka, anotaura mhuka muchikwata nyore.