Mhando Mavhairasi. Ndezvipi nemavhairasi vanhu?

Nemavhairasi kunogona kukonzera siyana zvirwere zvichienderana nemhando chirwere uye zvechadenga kutapukirwa munyama. Ndezvipi nemavhairasi vanhu? Ndivo zvizhinji, uye muupenyu hwavo, vanhu vari zvimwe kubatana zvikuru zvinokonzera zvirwere. zvirwere zvinokonzerwa navo siyana kubva pfupi nyore zvifambiswe kune chinouraya. Kakawanda, munyika mune nemavhairasi kuti dzinotungamirira chikosoro, dzihwa, zvirwere intestinal uye kuzvimba chiropa.

Nemavhairasi uye chikosoro

Common chando (sezvo mumba inonzi zvirwere, zvakadai yokuSpain, SARS, laryngitis, pharyngitis) inoramba chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana dzevanhu zvirwere. Muna US chete pagore, anenge mabhiriyoni zviitiko SARS. Nemavhairasi chirwere of mucous membranes ari nasal ndima zvoita kuti runny mhino, maziso mvura, sneezing uye kwazvo huro. The chirwere mberi kubva imwe vhiki mbiri. Statistically, vanopfuura 200 anozivikanwa utachiona kungakonzera chikosoro. Api nemavhairasi ndivo vakawanda utachiona kubva SARS? Izvi zvakasiyana rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, uye kufema syncytial utachiwana.

The bembo utachiwana

Influenza anoita nezvemarudzi matatu zvigare. Types A uye B kunotungamirira nemwaka zvirwere maitiro nokuti nguva kutanga mukupera kwematsutso uye mangwanani chitubu nemagumo. C Utachiona hweHIV akadai zvishoma kwese uye kazhinji kukonzera chirwere nounyoro chimiro. Common dzihwa zviratidzo zvinosanganisira muviri pari, fivha, kurukutika, kutemwa nomusoro, kwazvo huro, yakaoma chikosoro, uye nasal kuzara. Vaccinate pamusoro yokuSpain ndiyo nzira kudzivirira chaikonzerwa noutachiona mhando A uye B.

enteric nemavhairasi

Ndezvipi nemavhairasi ari zvomudumbu ino uye chii dzavo mamirire zvinhu? Tusingaoneki iyi mhando zvinopfuura dumbu uye intestinal rinenge zvichikonzera nemavhairasi gastroenteritis. Zvatinosiita Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira abdominal marwadzo, chinyamunhari chinorwadza, manyoka, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa. In vana vaduku, kusanganisira vacheche, chikonzero gastroenteritis kazhinji anoshumira rotavirus. chirwere ichi pachena sezvo nefivha, kurutsa uye mvura manyoka. Norovirus haasi ishoma utachiona nezvirwere zvinotapukira kukanganisa vose vana nevakuru. Zvisinei, mune varwere vaiva vaduku ari inenge nguva dzose dzaitongwa chiratidzo chirwere akadai manyoka, apo vakuru anonyanya kuramba kurutsa. Pakati pezvimwe inozivikanwa enteric nemavhairasi anganzi adenovirus utachiona Sapoviruses uye astroviruses.

chiropa nemavhairasi

Infectious vamiririri ichi dzemarudzi chokuita chiropa, triggering kuzvimba. Science anoziva nemavhairasi siyana shanu kuti anokonzera chiropa; Vakanga ainzi inobva earufabheti kubva A kuna E. Kana uchifarira, ndedzipi chiropa nemavhairasi munyika dzakasimukira, maererano Statistical tsvakurudzo munyika zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira kwezvivako uye mushonga hunodzorwa mifananidzo A, B uye C. The chiropa A utachiwana anopinda kupinda muviri kugaya zvokudya kana mvura kwakasvibiswa mutsvina yadzo. Ndiye pfupi yechiitiko kuti nehepatitis. Okuva mhando B kunogona kukonzera chakasimba kana chirwere chiropa hweHIV. Tusingaoneki zvinowanikwa muropa uye urume. The kupfuura kakawanda nyaya nehepatitis B chirwere zvinosanganisira mabasa dzepabonde, achiudzawo chete tsono kushandisa marwadzo zvinhu, HIV kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva nepamuviri uye pakusununguka. mhando C Utachiona rinopararira kuburikidza kuonana neropa murwere. Reusable syringes nevanhu vakasiyana vanhu vachishandisa zvinodhaka - vakawanda nzira hutachiwana. The C chiropa, zvinowanzooneka chisingaperi, zvisinei, zvakakwana kurapwa muzviitiko zvakawanda kuderedza chirwere.

dzimwe nemavhairasi

Ndezvipi nemavhairasi munhu mumwe kupfuura apa? Kana iwe kudhinda uzere mazita achafanira kubudisa mazita bhuku akawanda. Uyezve, gore negore masayendisiti kuwana mhando itsva kusvikira zvisingazivikanwi. Vamwe utachiona hadziwanzowaniki chaizvo, asi kune ngozi chaizvo nokuti dzinogona zvinouraya. Izvi Somuenzaniso, Ebola hweHIV kana chimbwamupengo. Mamwe majemusi chaizvo nevakawanda uye ndivo chikonzero vakawandisa zvirwere. Vaya vanoda kuziva mhando nemavhairasi uri munhu, wakarurama kuzarura chero yakakurumbira mishonga bhuku. Saka, muenzaniso wakanaka nevakawanda mhando kutapukirwa vari herpes nemavhairasi kuti anokonzera nyore (sefuro), herpes labialis, dzokubereka herpes, kutapuriranwa mononucleosis, varicella, herpes zoster nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Human papillomavirus hakusi chete kuonekwa nevakawanda nemburwa paganda, asi pave gomarara.

Izvo nemavhairasi ndivo vanhu munguva yapfuura? Zvirwere of Newest mhando - HIV, zvakakomba chakasimba kufema syndrome (SARS) neMiddle East kufema syndrome (munhu MERS coronavirus) - kuramba dambudziko chakakomba, sezvo zvevakomana hapana kugona kurapwa zvirwere izvi.

Diagnostics

Chirwere pamusoro kutapukirwa noutachiona dzinowanzotsigi- inobva chikuru wezvokurapa kuongororwa uye kurapwa nhoroondo kuongorora. Somuenzaniso, chirwere, kufanana chikosoro, zviri nyore kuziva, vanhu vakawanda chaizvo vanoshamwaridzana kuonekwa. Zvisinei, kuwanikwa dzimwe zvirwere, zvingada kuti dzimwe ongororo chirwere.

Variants kuti chirwere miedzo nokuda nemavhairasi chirwere

Sezvo mhinduro yomubvunzo, chii vari nemavhairasi muvanhu, kunosanganisira zviuru mhinduro, dzimwe nguva hazvisi zvakakwana chete kuongorora murwere uye kudzidza nhoroondo yacho. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, vanachiremba akarayira mumwe kana kupfuura apa zvidzidzo:

• miedzo ropa kuongorora kuvapo antibodies pamusoro nemavhairasi kana maantigen kuti vasabatwa zvakananga;
• kurimwa zvinoumba ropa, muviri zvinwiwa uye nezvimwe wacho kubva zvakakanganisa nzvimbo;
• lumbar ponji kuti kuongorora cerebrospinal mvura;
• polymerase cheni Zvakaitwa unyanzvi kuti kusika akawanda makopi nemavhairasi masero acho zvakawanda nokukurumidza uye yakarurama kuziva utachiwana;
• Magnetic resonance kuri nokuda kuziva miedzo kuzvimba mune zvenyama lobes wouropi.

zviratidzo

Ndezvipi nemavhairasi vanhu? The Pamazita iri kusimba akakura, asi zvirwere zvakawanda zviratidzo zvinogona kurongwa nepfungwa richiswedera imwe chete pasi. Saka, zviratidzo utachiona hweHIV zvingasanganisira:

• fivhiri;
• tsandanyama marwadzo;
• kukosora;
• sneezing;
• runny mhino;
• chills;
• manyoka;
• kurutsa;
• ganda upundu;
• Kunzwa utera.

More kwazvo zviratidzo ndeinotevera:

• kuomarara muna pamutsipa;
• kupera muviri;
• nokugwinha;
• kuoma Mbabvu;
• nekuvhiri- ngika;
• musana kurwadziwa;
• kurasikirwa chishamiso;
• nokuvhiringidzirwa nezvezvimwe zvinetso zvedundira dundira ura;
• Hope, iyo anogona vachipinda pakoma kana rufu.

Chirwere: nemavhairasi kana kwemabhakitiriya?

Ndezvipi nemavhairasi vanhu? Mazita kashoma kutaura kuti munhuwo zvake, asi tinofanira kupatsanura pakati zvirwere zviri nemavhairasi uye kwemabhakitiriya marudzi.

Vose Mhando chirwere ndizvo zvinokonzera Kuipa utano uye kugadzira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, pane musiyano pakati pavo. Nemavhairasi chirwere, anoti zita rake chinotanga kukuvara mumuviri utachiona - zviduku intracellular mumiririri rine kunyange chiduku pane utachiona. Uyezve, zviri rwokudzivirira goko, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvaoma kuparadza. Utachiona anopinda chipenyu muchitokisi, uye integrates yaro majini midziyo yayo genome. utachiona hwakadaro non-cellular nezvimedu uye vanoda masero vatorwa nokuda kubereka. Kana uri kushamisika ndedzipi nemavhairasi, mazita iyo uchaona munyaya ino, ingangova, ichanongedza kuti huru nzvimbo chirwere. mhino ichi, huro uye yokumusoro kufema turakiti. Virus utachiona zvinogona kukonzera kwakakurumbira chikosoro uye AIDS.

Atange noutachiona, pathogenic utachiona anofanira kuwana mukana richienda muviri kuburikidza nemvura utachiona, unocheka paganda kana kuonana munhu ane HIV kana utachiona zvinhu. Mumwe chinokosha kusiyana marudzi maviri chirwere ndechokuti mabhakitiriya anogona kupinda muviri kuburikidza kuonana zvinhu zvisina upenyu, kusanganisira doorknobs uye tafura misoro, uye utachiona - kwete. Chimwe musiyano uri hunhu ari microorganism: Utachiona ari muchitokisi uye Achiwanza kubudikidza nekupesana, apo utachiwana anofa pasina muridzi - keriya. Kakawanda kwemabhakitiriya kupinda muviri kuburikidza kufema turakiti kana nemudumbu. Vamwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya vari chinotapuriranwa (sezvo Somuenzaniso, rikwanise pharyngitis - strep huro).

Chikonzero kutapukirwa noutachiona

Mubvunzo chii nemavhairasi muri munhu kunonyanya chakasimba nokuti masero evanhu vanogona kwavari. Kana pachena kuti utachiona PARTICIPLE zvirwere oedza kuparadza kunobva ngozi uye ngavabude vavatorwa utachiona kubva mumuviri.

Chichiburutswa kutapata kunoita utachiona nokukurumidza kuisa masero iripo. A simba rokuzvidzivirira kunoitawo kuti kubereka yacho utachiona, kusvikira muviri kuzvidzivirira maitiro havagoni kukurira chisvetasimba.