Mekenziev makomo muCrimea

Chigaro che "Mekenzievy Gory" panzvimbo yeCrimea ndiyo inzvimbo yeharaunda iri kure yeSevastopol. Zita haritauri zvakawanda kune vakawanda, asi rakabatana chaizvo nehuwandu hweguta racho, nemusunguri wayo, murume akaita zvakawanda nokuda kwekuzvarwa kweguta iri negungwa, iro hero hero. Zita rake ndiFoma Mekenzi. Russian Rear Admiral, uyo akarayira squadron yeBlack Sea Fleet muna 1873-1876.

Mamiriro eMenienzian Mountains

Nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro, iri munharaunda yeSevastopol panzvimbo yeCrimea, inonzi Mekenzievy makomo. Icho chitubu chemvura chinoputika chinoparadzanisa chikamu chepamusoro chebhanhire rakadzika uye branched rinoburukira kumaodzanyemba nekumavirazuva. Makomo ari munyoro kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kumvura kubva kumaodzanyemba.

Iko yakafukidzwa nemasango emasango, ayo akavhenganiswa nemiti yakasikwa yepine. Panharaunda yeMekenzievy Mountains kune mbeu yakasiyana-siyana yeCrimean pine, iyo inopa mbeu yakakura yezvigadzirwa zvemasango. Masango emakomo kubva kure anoita seachena kubva pamabhokisi.

Mekenzievy makomo anotambanudzira kumabvazuva kubva kuchipatara ane zita rimwe chete neGomo Inkerman kune vekare Eski-Kermen - nzvimbo yekugara kwekare yakatarisana neInner Crimean ridge. Munzvimbo iyi muganhu weruwa rweBakchsarai neSevastopol. Kumusoro, makomo anogadzira chitubu chemvura pakati pehova Black and Belbek.

F. F. Mekenzi

Kunyange muzana remakore rechigumi nemana makomo akapfeka zita reTurkic reKok-Agach, asi vakazozivikanwa pasi pezita rokuti Mekenzievy Mountains. Ndiani F.F. Mekenzy? Baba vemangwana Rear Admiral vaibva kuScotland ndokubva vatumidza zita raMack Kenzi. Mwanakomana wake Thomas Mack Kenzi akaberekerwa kuchamhembe kweRussia, maererano nemamwe mabhuku - muArkhangelsk.

Pamwe pose, akabhabhatidzwa muchechi yeOrthodox ndokugamuchira zita raTomasi, zita rake rakashandurwa nenzira yeRussia, uye akava Foma Mekenzi. Akanyora mubasa remvura uye akaita basa rakanaka - akava Mutevedzeri wekare uye Mutungamiriri we Black Sea Squadron.

Kuti zita rakaratidzwa sei

Yaiva pasi peutungamiri hwake kuti muna 1783 kubviswa kwemasango kwakatanga munzvimbo yeAhitti inenge isingagari uye kuvakwa kwevasungwa, chipatara, kereke, chivako cheAdmiralty uye dzimba dzevarume zvekutungamirirwa zvakatanga. F.F. Mekenzi ndiye aiva mukuru mukuru wechiteshi cheSevastopol.

Pasi peutungamiri hwake, makamuri ematombo akavakwa, kwavakatungisa dombo, pakuvaka nevira umo icho chakanga chakapiswa. Pakanga pakarongeka mashopu mashomanana ekugadzira zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha kune zvikepe. Zviyo zvekurima zvekurima zvakasikwa, zvakapa zvokudya zvezvigadzirwa zvevanhu uye zvikepe. Aive akanaka uye akashinga tenzi.

Nokuda kwebasa rekubatsira kweRussia, akapiwa nyika, kwaakaisa purazi, iyo yakatanga kunzi yeMenzi. Nokudaro zita remakomo rakaratidzwa, patsika raive raive, rakanzi iMenzienzievy makomo. Iri zita rinopfekedzwawo nechiteshi chezvitima, chiri kunze kweguta reSevastopol, iro rakatamba uye rinoramba richiita basa rinokosha muupenyu hweguta racho.

Zvikonzero zvekuvakwa kwechiteshi

Mamiriro ezvinhu ehondo paGungwa Dzvuku akanga asingachazorori. Turkey yakaedza kudzokera kuCrimea, yakaiswa kuRussia muna 1783. Russia yaida piteshi uye zvigaro zvaiva panzvimbo. Basa ravo uye urongwa hwakatanga. Guta rinokosha muCrimean peninsula raiva Sevastopol.

Kurwisana kweRussia-Turkish mukutenderera kusvika kuhondo yekupedzisira yeTurkey ya1877-1878 yakakonzera mubvunzo pamberi pehurumende yeRussia pamusoro pekudiwa kwekukurumidza kutora matanho ekugara kwezvokudya uye zvehondo.

Ngarava yeLozovo-Sevastopol yakavakwa, iyo inobatanidza Sevastopol neSimferopol. Mukuwa kwegore ra1875 chitima chekutanga chekutakura chakaendeswa kuSevastopol. Muna 1891, kuvakwa kwechiteshi muCrimean Peninsula Mekenzievy Gory yakatanga. Simferopol uye Sevastopol vakange vakanyatsobatanidzwa.

Basa rechechi pakudzivirirwa kweSevastopol

"Mekenzievy Mountains" iri, kuwedzera, nzvimbo yakashumira pari, iyo iyo nguva dzose yaive yakakosha zvikuru. Ndiko kusaka panguva yeHondo yePatriotic War inotyisa yakapoteredza, iyo yakabva muna 1941 kusvika muna 1942. Pano paiva nheyo dzinokosha dzevarwi veSoviet, iyo yakavhara iyo nzira kuenda kuchamhembe kweSevastopol Bay.

Kunyanya utsinye kwakanga kuri kurwisana kutanga kwaJune 1942, apo nharaunda yechiteshi yacho katatu yakapfuura kubva kuSoviet fighters kusvika kumaGermany. Haisi kure nechiteshi chacho chaive chakakurumbira anti-aircraft bateri 365, rakayirwa naLieutenant I.S. Pyanzin.

Nzvimbo yacho pachayo yakava chivigiro chechigamba uye ushingi hwemauto eSoviet nevashambadzi vakarwa pano kusvikira pakupedzisira. Nyika yake yakapupurira kurwisana, ruoko-kuru-ruoko kurwa, zviito zvechitima chehondo Zheleznyakov, moto wakatsamwa wemabheti anorwisa-ndege uye misodzi inorwadza yekudzoka muna July 1942.

Pedyo nechiteshi ndiyo nzvimbo yemakuva "Mekenzievy Mountains". Sevastopol inoenderera mberi kukura uye pano, maererano nechisarudzo, makuva matsva achavakwa, sezvo yekare yakavharwa. Mumakuva ekare ndiyo nzvimbo dzakawanda dzevadziviriri veguta, vakafa muna 1941-1942 munguva yekudzivirirwa kweSevastopol. Munenge mazita ose evanodzivirira mashizha ekufa akanyorwa pamahwendefa echirangaridzo chakayeuka.

Siteshi chezvitima

Mumazuva emashure mehondo, kuda kwechigaro chacho kwakaramba chiri chikuru. Nhumbi kubva kumativi ose eSoviet Union akauya pano. Zvaive zvakakodzera kudzorera Sevastopol, rutivi rwaro rwokumusoro. Izvi zvakaitwa nokukurumidza sezvazvinogona.

Nhasi Mekenzievy Gory inonzi nodal cargo uye mutasviki wechikepe paSevastopol-Simferopol line. Inogara motokari yemagetsi inobva kuMekenzievy Mountains kusvika kuSimferopol mashizha kubva panzvimbo. Kurutivi rwayo mutsara muduku mutsva weMegenzizievy makomo akavakwa, iyo inharaunda yeNakhimovsky yeguta reSevastopol, iri makiromita makumi maviri nemana kubva kubva mukati meguta uye makiromita mana kubva kumusoro kweSevastopol bay.

Zvinorehwa nechiteshi cheguta racho chikuru, kunyanya maererano nekuvakwa kwechiteshi chitsva cheAvita, chinokwanisa kuwana midziyo yakakura-zhinji. Inowanikwa kurutivi rwokuchamhembe rwe-ice-free Sebastopol bay. Nenzira iyo inoenda kutakura kwezviyo nemidziyo yesimbi. Chikamu chekumusoro kwechikepe chinoshandiswa zvizere nechiteshi. Panharaunda yechiteshi, nzvimbo huru dzekuchengetedza zviyo dzakavakwa.